Scribd
Upload
12 views

Lesson 8 CSS - Intermediate

The document discusses CSS styling for links, lists, tables, and the CSS box model. It provides examples of how to style links with different colors for visited, hovered, and active states. It also shows how to style lists by changing bullet styles and using images, and how to style tables by adjusting borders, widths, padding and alignment. The CSS box model is introduced as a key concept for CSS design and layout.

Uploaded by

thoithivenessa33
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views

Lesson 8 CSS - Intermediate

The document discusses CSS styling for links, lists, tables, and the CSS box model. It provides examples of how to style links with different colors for visited, hovered, and active states. It also shows how to style lists by changing bullet styles and using images, and how to style tables by adjusting borders, widths, padding and alignment. The CSS box model is introduced as a key concept for CSS design and layout.

Uploaded by

thoithivenessa33
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 38

CSS - Intermediate

Lesson 8
Lecturer: David Marangu
EMAIL: [email protected]
CONTENT

8.1 Styling Links


8.2 Styling Lists
8.3 Styling Tables
8.4 CSS Box Model

2
8.1 Styling Links
 Links can be styled with any CSS property (e.g. color, font-family,
background, etc.).
 Special for links are that they can be styled differently depending on what
state they are in.
 The four links states are:
 a:link - a normal, unvisited link
 a:visited - a link the user has visited
 a:hover - a link when the user mouses over it
 a:active - a link the moment it is clicked
Example:
a:link {color:#FF0000;} /* unvisited link */
a:visited {color:#00FF00;} /* visited link */
a:hover {color:#FF00FF;} /* mouse over link */
a:active {color:#0000FF;} /* selected link */
 When setting the style for several link states, there are some order rules:
 a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited
 a:active MUST come after a:hover
3
8.1 Styling Links
Text Decoration
The text-decoration property is mostly used to remove underlines from links:
Example:
a:link {text-decoration:none;}
a:visited {text-decoration:none;}
a:hover {text-decoration:underline;}
a:active {text-decoration:underline;}

Background Color
The background-color property specifies the background color for links:
Example:
a:link {background-color:#B2FF99;}
a:visited {background-color:#FFFF85;}
a:hover {background-color:#FF704D;}
a:active {background-color:#FF704D;}

4
8.1 Styling Links
Example 1 – Adding different styles to hyperlinks:
<html>
<head> a.four:link {color:#ff0000;}
<style type="text/css"> a.four:visited {color:#0000ff;}
a.one:link {color:#ff0000;} a.four:hover {font-
a.one:visited {color:#0000ff;} family:monospace;}
a.one:hover {color:#ffcc00;}
a.five:link {color:#ff0000;text-
a.two:link {color:#ff0000;} decoration:none;}
a.two:visited {color:#0000ff;} a.five:visited {color:#0000ff;text-
a.two:hover {font-size:150%;} decoration:none;}
a.five:hover {text-
a.three:link {color:#ff0000;} decoration:underline;}
a.three:visited {color:#0000ff;} </style>
a.three:hover </head>
{background:#66ff66;}

5
8.1 Styling Links
Example 1 – Adding different styles to hyperlinks:
<body>
<p>Mouse over the links to see them change layout.</p>
<p><b><a class="one" href="default.asp" target="_blank">This
link changes color</a></b></p>
<p><b><a class="two" href="default.asp" target="_blank">This
link changes font-size</a></b></p>
<p><b><a class="three" href="default.asp" target="_blank">This
link changes background-color</a></b></p>
<p><b><a class="four" href="default.asp" target="_blank">This
link changes font-family</a></b></p>
<p><b><a class="five" href="default.asp" target="_blank">This
link changes text-decoration</a></b></p>
</body>
</html>

6
8.1 Styling Links

Example 1 - Result:

7
8.2 Styling Lists
 The CSS list properties allow you to:
 Set different list item markers for ordered lists
 Set different list item markers for unordered lists
 Set an image as the list item marker
 In HTML, there are two types of lists:
 unordered lists - the list items are marked with bullets
 ordered lists - the list items are marked with numbers or letters
 With CSS, lists can be styled further, and images can be used as the list
item marker.
 The type of list item marker is specified with the list-style-type property:

Example:
ul.a {list-style-type: circle;}
ul.b {list-style-type: square;}
ol.c {list-style-type: upper-roman;}
ol.d {list-style-type: lower-alpha;}

8
8.2 Styling Lists
An Image as The List Item Marker

 To specify an image as the list item marker, use the list-style-image


property:
Example:
ul
{
list-style-image: url('sqpurple.gif');
}
 The example above does not display equally in all browsers. IE and Opera
will display the image-marker a little bit higher than Firefox, Chrome, and
Safari.
 If you want the image-marker to be placed equally in all browsers, you
should use a crossbrowser solution which is explained below.

9
8.2 Styling Lists
Crossbrowser Solution
 The following example displays the image-marker equally in all
browsers:
Example:  For ul:
ul  Set the list-style-type to none to
{ remove the list item marker
list-style-type: none;  Set both padding and margin to
padding: 0px; 0px (for cross-browser
margin: 0px; compatibility)
}  For li:
li  Set the URL of the image, and
{ show it only once (no-repeat)
background-image:
 Position the image where you
url(sqpurple.gif);
want it (left 0px and down 5px)
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: 0px 5px;  Position the text in the list with
padding-left: 14px; padding-left
} 10
8.2 Styling Lists

List - Shorthand property


 It is also possible to specify all the list properties in one, single property.
This is called a shorthand property.
 The shorthand property used for lists, is the list-style property:

Example:
ul
{
list-style: square url("sqpurple.gif");
}
 When using the shorthand property, the order of the values are:
 list-style-type
 list-style-position (for a description, see the CSS properties table
below)
 list-style-image
 It does not matter if one of the values above are missing, as long as the
rest are in the specified order.
11
8.2 Styling Lists

All CSS List Properties

Property Description
list-style Sets all the properties for a list in one
declaration
list-style-image Specifies an image as the list-item
marker
list-style- Specifies if the list-item markers should
position appear inside or outside the content
flow
list-style-type Specifies the type of list-item marker

12
8.3 Styling Tables
Table Borders
 To specify table borders in CSS, use the border property.
 The example below specifies a black border for table, th, and td
elements:

Example
table, th, td
{
border: 1px solid black;
}
 Notice that the table in the example above has double borders. This
is because both the table and the th/td elements have separate
borders.
 To display a single border for the table, use the border-collapse
property.

13
8.3 Styling Tables

Collapse Borders
 The border-collapse property sets whether the table borders
are collapsed into a single border or separated:

Example:
table
{
border-collapse:collapse;
}
table,th, td
{
border: 1px solid black;
}

14
8.3 Styling Tables

Table Width and Height


 Width and height of a table is defined by the width and height
properties.
 The example below sets the width of the table to 100%, and the
height of the th elements to 50px:
Example:

table
{
width:100%;
}
th
{
height:50px;
}
15
8.3 Styling Tables
Table Text Alignment
 The text in a table is aligned with the text-align and vertical-align
properties.
 The text-align property sets the horizontal alignment, like left,
right, or center:
Example
td
{
text-align:right; }
 The vertical-align property sets the vertical alignment, like top,
bottom, or middle:
Example
td
{
height:50px;
vertical-align:bottom; }
16
8.3 Styling Tables
Table Padding
 To control the space between the border and content in a table,
use the padding property on td and th elements:
Example:
td { padding:15px;}

Table Color
 The example below specifies the color of the borders, and the
text and background color of th elements:

Example:
table, td, th { border:1px solid green;}
th { background-color:green;color:white;}

17
8.4 CSS Box Model
The CSS Box Model
 In CSS, the term "box model" is used when talking about
design and layout.
 The CSS box model is essentially a box that wraps around
HTML elements, and it consists of:
 margins,
 borders,
 padding,
 and the actual content.

 The box model allows us to place a border around


elements and space elements in relation to other elements.

18
8.4 CSS Box Model
The CSS Box Model
 The image below illustrates the box model:

 Margin - Clears an area


around the border. The
margin does not have a
background color, it is
completely transparent.
 Border - A border that
goes around the padding
and content. The border is
affected by the background
color of the box.
 Padding - Clears an area around the content. The padding is affected by the
background color of the box.
 Content - The content of the box, where text and images appear.

19
8.4 CSS Box Model
Width and Height of an Element
 When you set the width and height properties of an element
with CSS, you just set the width and height of the content area.
 To calculate the full size of an element, you must also add
the padding, borders and margins.
 The total width of the element in the example below is 300px:
 width:250px;
padding:10px;
border:5px solid gray;
margin:10px;
 Let's do the math:
 250px (width)
+ 20px (left and right padding)
+ 10px (left and right border)
+ 20px (left and right margin)
= 300px
20
8.4 CSS Box Model
Width and Height of an Element
 Assume that you had only 250px of space. Let's make an
element with a total width of 250px:
Example
width:220px;
padding:10px;
border:5px solid gray;
margin:0px;
 The total width of an element should be calculated like this:
 Total element width = width + left padding + right padding +
left border + right border + left margin + right margin
 The total height of an element should be calculated like this:
 Total element height = height + top padding + bottom padding
+ top border + bottom border + top margin + bottom margin

21
8.4 CSS Box Model
CSS Border Properties
 The CSS border properties allow you to specify the style
and color of an element's border.

22
8.4 CSS Box Model
CSS Border - Style
 The border-style property specifies what kind of border to display.
 None of the border properties will have ANY effect unless
the border-style property is set!
border-style values:

23
8.4 CSS Box Model
CSS Border - Width
 The border-width property is used to set the width of the border.
 The width is set in pixels, or by using one of the three pre-defined
values: thin, medium, or thick.

Note: The "border-width" property does not work if it is used alone.


Use the "border-style" property to set the borders first.
Example:
p.one
{
border-style:solid;
border-width:5px;
}
p.two
{
border-style:solid;
border-width:medium;
}
24
8.4 CSS Box Model
CSS Border - Color
 The border-color property is used to set the color of the border.
 The color can be set by:
 name - specify a color name, like "red"
 RGB - specify a RGB value, like "rgb(255,0,0)"
 Hex - specify a hex value, like "#ff0000"
 You can also set the border color to "transparent".

Note: The "border-color" property does not work if it is used alone.


Use the "border-style" property to set the borders first.
Example:
p.one { border-style:solid;
border-color:red;}
p.two { border-style:solid;
border-color:#98bf21;}

25
8.4 CSS Box Model
CSS Border - Individual sides
 In CSS it is possible to specify different borders for different
sides:
Example:
p
{
border-top-style:dotted;
border-right-style:solid;
border-bottom-style:dotted;
border-left-style:solid;
}
 The example above can also be set with a single property:

Example
border-style:dotted solid;

26
8.4 CSS Box Model
The border-style property can have from one to four values.
 border-style:dotted solid double dashed;
 top border is dotted
 right border is solid
 bottom border is double
 left border is dashed
 border-style:dotted solid double;
 top border is dotted
 right and left borders are solid
 bottom border is double
 border-style:dotted solid;
 top and bottom borders are dotted
 right and left borders are solid
 border-style:dotted;
 all four borders are dotted
 The border-style property is used in the example above.
However, it also works with border-width and border-color.
27
8.4 CSS Box Model
CSS Border - Shorthand property
 As you can see from the examples above, there are many
properties to consider when dealing with borders.
 To shorten the code, it is also possible to specify all the border
properties in one property. This is called a shorthand property.
 The shorthand property for the border properties is "border":

Example
border:5px solid red;
 When using the border property, the order of the values are:
 border-width
 border-style
 border-color
 It does not matter if one of the values above are missing
(although, border-style is required), as long as the rest are in the
specified order.

28
8.4 CSS Box Model
CSS – Outlines
 An outline is a line that is drawn around elements, outside the
border edge, to make the element "stand out".
 The outline properties specifies the style, color, and width of an
outline.
 Outline property is different from the border property.
 The outline is not a part of the element's dimensions, therefore
the element's width and height properties do not contain the
width of the outline.

29
8.4 CSS Box Model
All CSS Outline Properties

Property Description Values


outline Sets all the outline outline-color, outline-style
properties in one outline-width
declaration
outline-color Sets the color of an outline color_name, hex_number,
rgb_number, invert
outline-style Sets the style of an outline None, dotted, dashed, solid,
double, groove, ridge, inset,
outset, inherit
outline-width Sets the width of an outline Thin, medium, thick, length,
inherit

30
8.4 CSS Box Model
CSS Margin:
 The CSS margin properties define the space around elements.
 The margin clears an area around an element (outside the border).
 The margin does not have a background color, and is completely
transparent.
 The top, right, bottom, and left margin can be changed
independently using separate properties.
 A shorthand margin property can also be used, to change all
margins at once.
 It is possible to use negative values, to overlap content.

Possible Values
Value Description
auto The browser sets the margin.
The result of this is dependant of the browser
length Defines a fixed margin (in pixels, pt, em, etc.)

% Defines a margin in % of the containing element


31
8.4 CSS Box Model
Margin - Individual sides
 In CSS, it is possible to specify different margins for different
sides:
Example
margin-top:100px;
margin-bottom:100px;
margin-right:50px;
margin-left:50px;
Margin - Shorthand property
 To shorten the code, it is possible to specify all the margin
properties in one property. This is called a shorthand property.
 The shorthand property for all the margin properties is "margin":

Example
margin:100px 50px;

32
8.4 CSS Box Model
 The margin property can have from one to four values;
 margin:25px 50px 75px 100px;
 top margin is 25px
 right margin is 50px
 bottom margin is 75px
 left margin is 100px
 margin:25px 50px 75px;
 top margin is 25px
 right and left margins are 50px
 bottom margin is 75px
 margin:25px 50px;
 top and bottom margins are 25px
 right and left margins are 50px
 margin:25px;
 all four margins are 25px

33
8.4 CSS Box Model
All CSS Margin Properties

Property Description
margin A shorthand property for setting the
margin properties in one declaration
margin- Sets the bottom margin of an
bottom element
margin-left Sets the left margin of an element
margin-right Sets the right margin of an element
margin-top Sets the top margin of an element

34
8.4 CSS Box Model
CSS Padding
 The CSS padding properties define the space between the element
border and the element content.
 The padding clears an area around the content (inside the border)
of an element.
 The padding is affected by the background color of the element.
 The top, right, bottom, and left padding can be changed
independently using separate properties.
 A shorthand padding property can also be used, to change all
paddings at once.

Value Description
length Defines a fixed padding (in pixels, pt, em, etc.)
% Defines a padding in % of the containing element

35
8.4 CSS Box Model
CSS Padding - Individual sides
 In CSS, it is possible to specify different padding for different sides:
Example
padding-top:25px;
padding-bottom:25px;
padding-right:50px;
padding-left:50px;

CSS Padding - Shorthand property


 To shorten the code, it is possible to specify all the padding properties
in one property. This is called a shorthand property.
 The shorthand property for all the padding properties is "padding":
Example
padding:25px 50px;

36
8.4 CSS Box Model
 The padding property can have from one to four values.
 padding:25px 50px 75px 100px;
 top padding is 25px
 right padding is 50px
 bottom padding is 75px
 left padding is 100px
 padding:25px 50px 75px;
 top padding is 25px
 right and left paddings are 50px
 bottom padding is 75px
 padding:25px 50px;
 top and bottom paddings are 25px
 right and left paddings are 50px
 padding:25px;
 all four paddings are 25px

37
8.4 CSS Box Model
All CSS Padding Properties

Property Description
padding A shorthand property for setting all the
padding properties in one declaration
padding- Sets the bottom padding of an element
bottom
padding-left Sets the left padding of an element
padding-right Sets the right padding of an element
padding-top Sets the top padding of an element

38

You might also like