writing the

BIBLIOGRAPHY
General Guidelines:
1. Center the title Works Cited at the top of the
page.
2. Double-space the entire list—within and
between entries.
3. List only works actually cited within the paper.
4. Alphabetize by the first word in each entry
(excluding a, an, or the).
5. Indent the 2nd and subsequent lines of each
entry five spaces.
6. Use a continuous line to underline the
complete title.
General Guidelines:
7. Shorten and abbreviate publisher’s name
as much as possible (Random for Random
House, UP for University Press, etc.).
8. Pay close attention to proper punctuation
for each entry.
9. Do not number entries.
10. Do not separate primary and secondary
sources or types of sources (books,
newspapers, magazines, etc.) unless told
to do so by the instructor.
BOOKS
One Author (Author. Title. Place: Publisher, Year.)
Bird, Caroline. The Two-Paycheck Marriage: How Women at Work
Are Changing Life in America. New York: Rawson, 1979.
Two Authors (Authors. Title. Place: Publisher, Year.)
Bartlett, Donald L., and James D. Steele. Forevermore: Nuclear
Waste in America. New York: Norton, 1985.
Three Authors (Authors. Title. Place: Publisher, Year.)
Aiken, Michael, Lewis A. Ferman, and Harold L. Sheppard.
Economic Failure, Alienation, and Extremism. Ann Arbor: U of
Michigan P, 1968.
More Than Three Authors (Author, et al. Title. Place: Publisher,
Year.)
Bailyn, Bernard, et al. The Great Republic: A History of the
American People. Lexington: Heath, 1977.
Two Different Books by the Same Author (Author. Title. Place:
Publisher, Year.)
Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. New York: Random,
1959.
---. To Be Young, Gifted and Black. Ed. Robert Nemiroff.
Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1969.
(Note: Three hyphens followed by a period stand for exactly the same name(s) as in
the preceding entry.)
Corporate Author (Corporate Name. Title. Place: Publisher, Year.)
American Red Cross. Standard First Aid and Personal Safety. 2nd
ed. Garden City: Doubleday, 1979.
Edition after the First (Author. Title. Edition. Place: Publisher, Year.)
Grout, Donald Jay. A History of Western Music. 3rd ed. New York:
Norton, 1980.
Edited Book (Editors. Title. Edition. Place: Publisher, Year.)
Barnet, Sylvan, Mortin Berman, and William Burto, eds. An
Introduction to Literature. 7th ed. Boston: Little, 1981.
Timko, Michael, ed. Twenty-Nine Short Stories. New York: Knopf,
1975.
Author and Editor (Author. Title. Ed. Editor. Edition. Place: Publisher, Year.)
Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer. Ed. F. N.
Robinson. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton, 1957.
Translation (Author. Title. Trans. Translator. Place: Publisher, Year.)
Laborit, Henri. Decoding the Human Message. Trans. Stephen
Bodington and Alison Wilson. New York: St. Martin’s, 1977.
Republished Book (Author. Title. Year. Place: Publisher, Republished Year.)
Sheehy, Gail. Passages: Predictable Crises of Adult Life. 1976.
New York: Bantam, 1977.
Newspapers
& Magazines
GENERAL RULES:
1. Abbreviate names of months except
May, June, and July.
2. If a magazine or newspaper article is
printed on pages that are not
consecutive (for example, beginning
on page 28 and then skipping to
pages 110-115), give only the first page
number followed by a plus sign.
Daily Newspaper
Greeley, Andrew. “Today’s Morality Play: The Sitcom.” New York
Times 17 May 1987, late ed., sec. 2: 1+.
“Study Labels Alcohol Fuel as Threat to Food Supply.” Dallas
Times Herald 16 Mar. 1980: 14A.
Editorial
“Elections in Rhodesia.” Editorial. San Francisco Chronicle 5 Mar.
1980: 64.
Weekly Magazine or Newspaper
Clark, Matt, Sharon Begley, and Mary Hager. “The Miracles of
Spliced Genes.” Newsweek 17 Mar. 1980: 62-71.
Munro, Julie W. “A New Elitism in China?” Chronicles of Higher
Education 28 Nov. 1977: 3-4.
Monthly Magazine
Frolich, Cliff. “The Physics of Somersaulting and
Twisting.” Scientific American Mar. 1980: 154-64.
“Memories of a Battle at Mansfield.” Southern Living Apr.
1985: 28+.
Book Review
Wolfe, Alan. “Turning Economics to Dust.” Rev. of Free to
Choose: A Personal Statement, by Milton and Rose
Friedman. Saturday Review 2 Feb. 1980: 39.
Reference
Materials
Encyclopedia and Almanac
Signed with Name or Initial:
Allen, Fredrick G. “Leyden Jar.” Encyclopedia Americana. 1977
ed.
R [rasmussen], J [ohn ] O., [ Jr. ] “Radioactivity.” Encyclopedia
Britannica: Macropaedia. 1974 ed.
(Note: Brackets enclose the added parts of the name. A list of contributors is
ordinarily supplied in the index volume or in the front part of an encyclopedia.)
Unsigned:
“Language: New Words.” Reader’s Digest: Almanac and Yearbook.
1980 ed.
(Note: In this almanac, main sections ( Like “Language” ) are arranged
alphabetically in the text.)
“Portsmouth, Treaty of.” Columbia Encyclopedia. 1975 ed.
(Note: The title indicates that the article is listed under “P” so page number is not
necessary.)
Dictionary
“Equidistant.” Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary. 1983 ed.
Facts on File
“Chinese Communist Unrest.” Facts on File 27. 1397 (3-9 Aug.
1967): 306-308.
The Bible
The Bible. Revised Standard Edition.
The Four Translation New Testament. Minneapolis: World Wide,
1966.
PAMPHLETS AND BULLETINS
Safety Data Sheet—Kitchen Machines. Pamphlet 690. Chicago:
Natl. Restaurant Assn., 1970.
United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Tomorrow’s Manpower
Needs. Washington: GPO, 1973.
Constitution
Philippine Const. Art. 2, Sec. l.
Court Case
Stevens v. National Broadcasting Co. 148 USPQ 755. CA Super.
Ct. 1966.
DISSERTATION OR THESIS
Unpublished:
Woodall, Guy Remon. “Robert Walsh, Jr., as an Editor and Literary
Critic: 1797-1836.” Diss. U of Tennessee, 1966.
Published:
Brewda, Lee Aaron. A Semantically-Based Verb Valence Analysis
of Old Saxon. Diss. Princeton U, 1981. Ann Arbor: UMI, 1982.
8203236.
Recording
Newhart, Bob, “Merchandizing the Wright Brothers.” The Button-Down
Mind of Bob Newhart. Warner Bros., WS 137, 1960.
Audiotape
Eliot, T. S. Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats. Audiotape. Read by
John Gielgud and Irene Worth. Caedmon, CP 1713, 1983.
Lecture
Ciardi, John. Address. Opening General Sess. NCTE Convention.
Washington, 19 Nov. 1982.
Interview
Miller, Zell. Governor of Georgia. Telephone Interview. 12 Mar. 1993.
Pei, I. M. Personal Interview. 27 July 1983.
Online - The World Wide Web
Kearney, Kevin. “Creating Your Own Web Pages: A Beginning”.
http://www.cbv.ns.ca/sstudies/computer/create1.htm. November 20,
1999.
Core Components of an APA Reference:
APA Referencing Basics: Reference List
• A reference list is a complete list of references used in a piece
of writing including the author name, date of publication,
title and more.
An APA reference list must:
• Be on a new page at the end of the document
• Be alphabetically by name of first author (or title if the author
isn’t known, in this case a, an and the should be ignored)
▫ If there are multiple works by the same author these are
ordered by date, if the works are in the same year they are
ordered alphabetically by the title and are allocated a letter
(a,b,c etc) after the date
• Contain full references for all in-text references used
How to Cite a Book (Title, not chapter)
in APA Format?
• Book referencing is the most basic style; it
matches the template above, minus the URL
section. So the basic format of a book reference
is as follows:
How to Cite a Book (Title, not chapter)
in APA Format?
Book referencing examples:

• Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P.

• Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P.