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Mid - Lecture - Hexagonal Miller Indices

This document discusses crystallographic planes and directions in hexagonal crystal structures. It introduces the Miller-Bravais four-index notation used to represent planes and directions in hexagonal lattices. The first three indices are related to the basal plane, while the fourth index represents the c-axis perpendicular to the basal plane. Examples are provided to illustrate how specific planes such as basal, prismatic, and pyramidal planes correspond to different intercepts and Miller-Bravais index representations.

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S M Nahidul Islam
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43 views

Mid - Lecture - Hexagonal Miller Indices

This document discusses crystallographic planes and directions in hexagonal crystal structures. It introduces the Miller-Bravais four-index notation used to represent planes and directions in hexagonal lattices. The first three indices are related to the basal plane, while the fourth index represents the c-axis perpendicular to the basal plane. Examples are provided to illustrate how specific planes such as basal, prismatic, and pyramidal planes correspond to different intercepts and Miller-Bravais index representations.

Uploaded by

S M Nahidul Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Properties of

Materials
Lecture 8
Hexagonal crystals → The Miller-Bravais
Indices (h k i l)
◦ Directions and planes in hexagonal lattices and crystals are designated by the i = (h + k)
4-index Miller-Bravais notation.
◦ The Miller-Bravais notation can be a little tricky to learn.
◦ In the four index notation the following points are to be noted.
 The first three indices are a symmetrically related set on the basal plane.
 The third index is a redundant one (which can be derived from the first two as in the formula: i =
(h+k) and is introduced to make sure that members of a family of directions or planes have a set of
numbers which are identical.
 This is because in 2D two indices suffice to describe a lattice (or crystal).
 The fourth index represents the ‘c’ axis ( to the basal plane).
◦ Hence the first three indices in a hexagonal lattice can be permuted to get the different members of a
family; while, the fourth index is kept separate.
EXAMPLE

Related to ‘l’ index

Miller-Bravais Indices for the Basal Plane


Related to ‘k’ index

Intercepts →    1
Plane → (0 0 0 1)
Related to ‘i’ index Related to ‘h’ index

Basal
Plane
EXAMPLE
Intercepts → 1 1 - ½  (h k i l)
Plane → (1 12 0) i = (h + k)

a3

a2

Planes which have  intercept along c-


a1 axis (i.e. vertical planes) are called Prism
planes

The use of the 4 index notation is to bring out the equivalence between
crystallographically equivalent planes and direction s (as will become clear in coming slides)
EXAMPLE Obviously (related by 3-fold symmetry), the ‘green’
a3 and ‘blue’ planes belong to the same
family and first three indices have the
same set of numbers (as brought out by the
Miller-Bravais system)

a2

a1

Intercepts → 1 –1   Intercepts →  1 –1 
Miller (3 index) → (1 1 _ 0 ) Miller (3 index) → (0 1 _ 0) Planes which have  intercept along c-axis
Miller-Bravais → (1 1 0 0 ) Miller-Bravais → (0 11 0) (i.e. vertical planes) are called Prism planes
a3 EXAMPLE

Intercepts → 1 1 – ½ 
Plane → (1 12 0)

a2

a1
Intercepts → 1/2 –1 –1 
Plane → (2 11 0 )
EXAMPLE

Inclined planes which have finite


intercept along c-axis are called
Pyramidal planes

Intercepts → 1 1 - ½ 1
Plane → (1 12 1)

Intercepts → 1   1 1
Plane → (1 01 1)
Hexagonal Miller-Bravais indices
Hexagonal Miller-Bravais indices
Hexagonal Miller-Bravais indices

2113
Summary
◦ Todays semiconductor technology’s raw material Si, Ge crystalline has the special diamond structure.

◦ Some promising semiconductor compound materials e.g. GaAs, InAs has Zincblend (two elements of diamond) structure.

◦ In the cubic crystal systems, two dimensional crystal planes are named according to Miller indices (hkl).
◦ h, k, l are the inverse of the intercepts of the plane in the x, y and z axis.
◦ Do not confuse with the three dimensional co-ordinate systems.
◦ Miller indices can be negative numbers as well.

◦ Planer concentrations are the ratio of the number of the atoms and the area of any 2D plane.

◦ For the Hexagonal crystal system, Miller indices are represented by (hkil) where i = -(h+k).

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