MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

WEEK-2_PART1

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•UNIT I CONCEPT OF STRESS
𝑬 𝟖 − 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎 𝟏 .𝟑

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝑷

𝑬 𝟖 − 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎 𝟏 .𝟑
𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒐𝒅 𝑨𝑩

𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒄 𝑪

𝑬 𝟖 − 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎 𝟏 .𝟑
𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒕 𝑪
𝐹 (76.3 𝑘𝑁 )/ 2
𝜎 𝑏= =300 ( 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ) =
𝑡𝑑 (𝑡 )(22 𝑚𝑚)

𝑡 =5.78 𝑚𝑚 ≈ 6 𝑚𝑚
𝑬 𝟗 − 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎 𝟏 .𝟒
𝑬 𝟗 − 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎 𝟏 .𝟒

𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑪 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑩 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑫

𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒍 𝒓𝒐𝒅
𝜎 𝑈 60 𝐵 𝐵
𝜎 𝑎𝑙 ,𝑟𝑜𝑑 = = =20 𝑘𝑠𝑖 𝜎 𝑎𝑙 ,𝑟𝑜𝑑 = 20 𝑘𝑠𝑖= =
𝑅 3
𝐴 𝑟𝑜𝑑
(1/ 4 ) 𝜋 (
7
2
𝑘𝑠𝑖)
𝐵=3.01 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
16
𝐶 =1.750 ( 3.01 )=5.27 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝑬 𝟗 − 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎 𝟏 .𝟒

𝑩𝒐𝒍𝒕 𝒂𝒕 𝑩 𝜏 𝑈 40
𝜏 𝑎𝑙𝑙 = = =13.33 𝑘𝑠𝑖 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠
𝑅 3
𝐵=2.94 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐵 /2 𝐵/ 2
𝜏 𝑎𝑙𝑙 = = =13.33 𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐴𝐵 1 3
2
( ) 𝜋 ( 𝑖𝑛)
4 8 𝐶 =1.750 ( 2.94 )=5.15 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠

𝑩𝒐𝒍𝒕 𝒂𝒕 𝑫
𝐵=𝐷=2.94 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠

𝐶 =2.33 ( 𝐷 ) =2.33 ( 2.94 )=6.86 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠

𝑩𝒐𝒍𝒕 𝒂𝒕 𝑪
𝜏 𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
𝐶
=
𝐶/2
=13.33 𝑘𝑠𝑖 𝐵=5.23 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐴𝐶 1 1
2
( ) 𝜋 ( 𝑖𝑛)
4 2
E3-sample problem 1.2

Solution
Diameter of the bolt

𝑃 /2
𝑃
𝑃 /2
E3-sample problem 1.2
Determination of the dimension b
𝐶h𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡h𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
3
120 𝑥 10 𝑁
𝜎= =175 𝑀𝑃𝑎 3
( 𝑏− 28)(20 𝑚𝑚) 120 𝑥 10 𝑁
𝜎 𝑏= =214 𝑀𝑃𝑎< 350 𝑀𝑃𝑎
(20 𝑚𝑚)(28 𝑚𝑚)
𝑏=62.3 𝑚𝑚

Determination of the dimension h

3
120 𝑥 10 𝑁
𝜎= =175 𝑀𝑃𝑎
( h)(20 𝑚𝑚)

h=34.3 𝑚𝑚
E4 Solution

Determination of maximum load in piston

Determination of maximum force

𝜎 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 =320 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛

𝐹 𝑚𝑎𝑥 =?
E5
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑡h𝑒 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑑1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 2
𝜎 𝐴𝐵 , 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 =175 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜎 𝐵𝐶 , 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 =150 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
E6
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡h𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝐹 , 𝐸𝐵 ,𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷𝐶
2
𝐴=900 𝑚𝑚

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝑬𝑭

∑ 𝑀 𝐴=0
4 3
( −20 𝑘𝑁 )( 4 𝑚 ) − ( 10 𝑘𝑁 )( 8 𝑚 ) + 𝐹 ( 2 𝑚 ) + 𝐹 𝐸𝐹 ( 2 √ 3 )= 0
5 𝐸𝐹 5

3
𝐹 𝐸𝐹 =43.5 𝑘𝑁 43.5 𝑥 10 𝑁
𝜎 𝐸𝐹 = 2
=48.3 𝑀𝑃𝑎
900 𝑚𝑚
E6 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝑫𝑪 − 𝑴𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅 𝑰

∑ 𝑀 𝐴=0
( −20 𝑘𝑁 )( 4 𝑚 ) −(𝐹¿¿ 𝐷𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛60) ( 6 𝑚 ) −( 𝐹¿¿ 𝐷𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠 60) ( 2 √ 3 ) =0 ¿¿
𝐹 𝐷𝐶 =11.55 𝑘𝑁 11.55 𝑥 10 𝑁
3
𝜎 𝐷𝐶 = 2
=12.8 𝑀𝑃𝑎
900 𝑚𝑚

𝐹 𝐷𝐶

𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝑫𝑪 − 𝑴𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒅 𝑰𝑰

𝐹 𝐵𝐶
 This method can be used if only the forces at the point satisfy
the equlibrium condition.

𝐹 𝐷𝐶 𝑠𝑖𝑛60=10 𝑘𝑁
𝐹 𝐷𝐶
𝐹 𝐷𝐶 =11.55 𝑘𝑁
60
0
𝑪 𝐹 𝐵𝐶
𝐹 𝐷𝐶 𝑐𝑜𝑠 60=𝐹 𝐵 𝐶
𝐹 𝐵 𝐶 =5.78 𝑘𝑁
10 𝑘𝑁
E6

𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝑬𝑩

𝐹 𝐸𝐷
∑ 𝑀 𝐵=0
( −10 𝑘𝑁 )( 4 𝑚 ) +(𝐹 ¿¿ 𝐸𝐷) ( 2 √3 )=0 ¿
𝐹 𝐸𝐵
𝐹 𝐷𝐶 =11.55 𝑘𝑁

𝐹 𝐴𝐵
∑ 𝑀𝐶 =0
( 20 𝑘𝑁 ) ( 4 𝑚 ) + ( 11.55 𝑘𝑁 ) ( 2 √ 3 𝑚 ) −( 𝐹 ¿¿ 𝐸 𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛60)(4 𝑚)=0 ¿

𝐹 𝐸𝐵 =33.64 𝑘𝑁
3
34.64 𝑥 10 𝑁
𝜎 𝐸𝐵 = 2
=38.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎
900 𝑚𝑚
𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑬𝑺𝑺 𝑰𝑵 𝑨𝑵 𝑶𝑩𝑳𝑰𝑸𝑼𝑬 𝑷𝑳𝑨𝑵𝑬

𝑹𝑬𝑽𝑰𝑬𝑾

 Axial stressses perpendicular to the plane cause normal

stresses.

𝑹𝑬𝑽𝑰𝑬𝑾

 Transverse stressses parallel to the plane cause shearing

stresses.
𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑬𝑺𝑺 𝑰𝑵 𝑨𝑵 𝑶𝑩𝑳𝑰𝑸𝑼𝑬 𝑷𝑳𝑨𝑵𝑬

 Knowing the stresses in the oblique plane might be crucial for the applications where two components are welded or
bonded by their angled planes.
 Axial forces cause both normal and shearing stresses on planes which are not perpendicular to the axis of the member.
 Transverse forces exerted on a bolt or a pin cause both normal and shearing stresses on planes which are not parallel to
the axis of the bolt or pin.
𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑬𝑺𝑺 𝑰𝑵 𝑨𝑵 𝑶𝑩𝑳𝑰𝑸𝑼𝑬 𝑷𝑳𝑨𝑵𝑬
0
𝐴 𝑡 𝜃 =0 0 𝐴 𝑡 𝜃 =90 𝐴 𝑡 𝜃 =450

𝜎 =0

𝜏= 0 𝜏= 0
 𝑺𝑻𝑹𝑬𝑺𝑺 𝑰𝑵 𝑨𝑵 𝑶𝑩𝑳𝑰𝑸𝑼𝑬 𝑷𝑳𝑨𝑵𝑬

𝐴 𝑡 𝜃 =450 𝐴 𝑡 𝜃=− 450

𝐴 𝑡 𝜃 =0 0
 𝑨
𝑬𝟕 𝑩 F=8000 𝑁
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑡h𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠h𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡h𝑒 𝑔𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 .
𝑮𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑨
𝟎
𝜽=𝟑𝟎
8000 𝑁
𝜎= ¿
( 30 𝑚𝑚)(60 𝑚𝑚)

8000 𝑁
𝜏= ¿
(30 𝑚𝑚 )(60 𝑚𝑚 )
 𝑨
𝑬𝟕 𝑩 F=8000 𝑁
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑡h𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠h𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡h𝑒 𝑔𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 .
𝑮𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑩
𝟎
𝜽=−𝟔𝟎
8000 𝑁 2 0
𝜎= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( −60 )=1.11 𝑀𝑃𝑎
( 30 𝑚𝑚)(60 𝑚𝑚)

8000 𝑁 0
𝜏= 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−60 )𝑐𝑜𝑠(− 60¿ ¿ 0)=− 1.92 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ¿
(30 𝑚𝑚)(60 𝑚𝑚)