Scribd
Upload
24 views

Lecture 5

The document discusses Chapter 2 of an HVAC systems lecture, covering various air conditioning system types including all-air, all-water, and air-water systems. It examines components like chillers, cooling towers, boilers, fans and dampers. The lecture also explores concepts like heat recovery systems, heat pumps, and control of chilled water flow rates to maintain desired cooling coil temperatures.

Uploaded by

Umar Shahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views

Lecture 5

The document discusses Chapter 2 of an HVAC systems lecture, covering various air conditioning system types including all-air, all-water, and air-water systems. It examines components like chillers, cooling towers, boilers, fans and dampers. The lecture also explores concepts like heat recovery systems, heat pumps, and control of chilled water flow rates to maintain desired cooling coil temperatures.

Uploaded by

Umar Shahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

(ME 439)

Instructor Dr. Muhammad Asif

Lecture 5

Chapter 2 (Air-Conditioning Systems)

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology


https://giki.edu.pk/personnel/dr-muhammad-asif/
4. According to the fluid media used in
thermal distribution system
• All air –system
• Single duct, single zone (constant volume)
• Single duct, multiple zone systems (constant volume)
• Single duct, multiple zone system (variable volume)
• Dual-duct systems
• All water system
• Air-water system

2
All Air System
• Air is used as the media that transport energy
from the conditioned space to the (AHU) or A/C
plant

• Offers greatest potential for energy conservation


by utilizing outdoor air effectively

• Using dual duct, it is possible to provide


simultaneous cooling and heating

• Ducting occupies more space and involve high


cost of ducting (Pros) 3
Single duct, single zone, constant volume

Application:

- Spaces with uniform loads, such as large open areas with small external

loads, e.g. theatres, auditorium, departmental stores

- Spaces requiring precision control such as laboratories


4
Single duct, multiple zone, constant volume

Disadvantages:

- High energy consumption for


cooling, as the air is first
cooled to a very low
temperature and is then
heated in the reheat coils

- Simultaneous cooling and


heating is not possible

5
Single duct, Multiple zone, variable volume

Advantages:
- Low energy consumption in the cooling system as air is not
cooled to very low temperatures and then reheated as in
constant volume systems
- Low energy consumption also results due to lower fan power
input due to lower flow rate, when the load is low 6
Dual duct, Multiple zone, constant volume

 Zone thermostats may be set once to


control year-round temperature conditions
 Mixing of hot and cold air in dual-duct
systems generally causes them to be
energy inefficient
7
All water System
• The fluid used in the thermal distribution system is water, i.e. water
transports energy between the conditioned space and the air
conditioning plant

 greatest advantage of the all-water system is its flexibility for adaptation to many
building module requirements and for remodeling work
 requires no ventilation air ducts, easy to install in existing structures
 utilizing water in pipes instead of air ducts, its use results in considerable space
savings throughout the building.
 this type may not meet today’s stringent indoor air quality (IAQ)
standards required by building codes
8
Air water System

Air and water are used for providing required conditions in the conditioned space

9
Selection Criteria for Air Conditioning Systems

10
Components of HVAC systems:
• Fans or air handlers for moving air with associated
• Dampers and filters

• Pumps for moving heated or chilled water and


appropriate control valves

• Heat exchangers for transferring energy from one fluid


stream to another

• Flow measuring and control devices

• Chillers and furnace or boiler equipment

11
Fans or air handlers

13
Mixing Dampers

14
Chillers

15
Coil, Heating/Cooling

16
Cooling towers

17
Boilers

18
Heat Recovery systems

1- Rotating wheel HRS


2- Air-to water HRS
3- Air to Air HRS

 air-to-air and rotating systems are effective in


recovering energy but require that the intake and
exhaust to the building be at the same location
unless ducting is utilized

19
Heat Pumps
• Heat pumps move temperature from a source (ground,
air or water) to a designation (your community building)
in order to provide heating or cooling
• They work in the same way as your fridge
• Different types of heat pump

20
Heat Pumps – Reverse refrigeration

21
22
 Objective is to provide (central cooling and heating) to an office building with two
different zone
 All air system
 Cooling through direct expansion
 Heating through hot water coil

Schematic draw the equipment

23
24
 Heating in the rooms

 Water-air system

25
26
27
 When the water leaving the
cooling coil is lower than the
desired temperature, the control
valve will lower the chilled water
flow rate.
 When the water leaving the
cooling coil is higher than the
desired temperature, the control
valve will raise the chilled water
flow rate.

28
• Practice Exercise Problem of Chapter 2
(2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9,
2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.15, 2.16, 2.17,
2.19, 2.20)

29

You might also like