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Flow Control Instructions

The document discusses different types of flow control instructions in assembly language including conditional jumps, unconditional jumps, and looping structures. Conditional jumps like JG transfer control based on flag settings, while unconditional jumps like JMP always transfer control. LOOP is used to implement for loops by decrementing a counter register CX and looping while it is not zero. Examples show how to use these instructions to implement if/then, if/then/else, case statements, and loops to count characters, read input, and display patterns.

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Md Mahfuz Ahmed
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33 views

Flow Control Instructions

The document discusses different types of flow control instructions in assembly language including conditional jumps, unconditional jumps, and looping structures. Conditional jumps like JG transfer control based on flag settings, while unconditional jumps like JMP always transfer control. LOOP is used to implement for loops by decrementing a counter register CX and looping while it is not zero. Examples show how to use these instructions to implement if/then, if/then/else, case statements, and loops to count characters, read input, and display patterns.

Uploaded by

Md Mahfuz Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flow Control Instructions

By
Sakifa Aktar
Introduction
• The jump and loop instructions transfer control to another part of the
program
• This transfer can be unconditional or can depend on a particular
combination o status flag settings
• We'll use them to implement high-level language decision and looping
structures
• A program to display the
entire- IBM character set:
• There are 256 characters in the
IBM character set
• Those with codes 32 to 127 are
the standard ASCII display
characters
• IBM also provides a set of
graphics characters with codes
0 to 31 and 128 to 255
• Labels (PRINT_LOOP) are needed
in situations where one instruction
Conditional Jumps
• If the condition for the jump is true, the next instruction to be executed is
the one at destination_label, which may precede or follow the jump
instruction itself
• If the condition is false, the instruction Immediately following the jump is
done next
• To implement a conditional jump, the CPU looks at the FLAGS register
• If the condition for the jump are true, the CPU adjusts the IP to point to
the destination label. so that the instruction at this label will be done next
• If the jump condition is false, then IP is not altered; this means that the
next instruction in line will be done.
Categories of Conditional Jumps
• The signed jumps are used when a signed interpretation is being
given to results
• The unsigned jumps are used for an unsigned interpretation
• The single-flag jumps, which operate on settings/of individual flags
The CMP Instruction
• The jump condition is often provided by the CMP (compare)
instruction:
CMP destination, source
• This instruction compares destination and source by computing
destination contents minus source contents
• The result is not stored, but the flags are affected
• Note: CMP is just like sub. except that destination is not changed
Signed Conditional Jumps
Unsigned Conditional Jumps
Single-Flag Jumps
Signed Versus Unsigned Jumps
• Each of the signed jumps corresponds to an analogous unsigned jump; for example,
the signed jump JG and the unsigned jump JA
• The signed jumps operate on ZF, SF, and OF, while the unsigned jumps operate on ZF
and CF.
• Using the wrong kind of jump can lead to incorrect results
• For example, suppose we're giving a signed interpretation. If AX = 7FFFh, BX =8000h,
and we execute
CMP AX,BX
JA BELOW
then even though 7FFFh > 8000h in a signed sense:, the program does not jump
to BELOW. The reason is that 7FFFh < 8000h in an unsigned sense, and we are
using the unsigned jump JA
Ex: 6.1
• Suppose AX and BX contain signed numbers. Write some code to put
the biggest one in CX:
The JMP Instruction
• The JMP (jump) instruction causes an unconditional transfer of
control (unconditional jump):
JMP destination
where destination is usually a label in the same segment as the JMP
itself
Ex: 6.2: IF-THEN Structure
• Replace the number in AX by its absolute value:
Ex: 6.3: IF-THEN-ELSE Structure
• Suppose AL and BL contain extended ASCII characters. Display the one
that comes first in the character sequence:
Ex: 6.4: CASE
• If AX contains a negative number, put -1 In BX; if AX contains 0, put 0
In BX; if AX contains a positive number, put 1 In BX:
Ex: 6.5
• If AL contains 1 or 3, display "o"; if AL contains 2 or 4, display "e“:
Ex: 6.6: Branches with Compound
Conditions (AND)
• Read a character, and if it's an uppercase letter, display it:
Ex: 6.7: Branches with Compound
Conditions (OR)
• Read a character. If it's "y" or "Y", display it; otherwise, terminate the
program
Looping Structure
• The LOOP instruction can be used to implement a FOR loop. It has
the form:
LOOP destination_label
• The counter for the loop is the register CX which is initialized to
loop_count
• Execution of the LOOP Instruction causes CX to be decremented
automatically and if CX Is not 0, control transfers to destination_label
• If CX = 0, the next instruction after LOOP is done
Ex: 6.8
• Write a count-controlled loop to display a row of 80 stars
Ex: 6.9
• Write some code to count the number of characters in an input line:
Ex: 6.10
• Write some code to read characters until a blank is read:

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