Invertebrate Animals

~ Body Plans ~
• Animals that are irregular
in shape or have no shape
are asymmetrical.

• Animals that are regular

in shape are symmetrical.
~ Body Plans ~

• An animal has radial symmetry if it can

be divided along any plane, through a
central axis, into equal halves. (like a
pizza)

• An animal has bilateral symmetry if it

can be divided down its length into
similar right and left halves forming
mirror images of each other. (like
humans)
Which figure has bilateral symmetry?
Which has radial symmetry?
 ~Invertebrates~
• 8 main phyla

• No backbones

• 95% of all animals are in this group

 Invertebrates
Type of Major Characteristics Examples Type of
Invertebrate Reproduction
Porifera -Simplest
animals
-can regenerate Sponges Asexual
body parts
-has no symmetry
Cnidaria -2 basic body shapes;
medusa (Ex.
Jellyfish) & polyp Jellyfish Asexual
(ex: Hydra)
Hydra
-Have tentacles
-have stinging cells
called nematocyst
-Can regenerate Planaria **
Platyhelminthes Sexual or
-most are parasites
Flukes
-have flat ribbon like Asexual
bodies Flatworms
-Bilateral symmetry
 Major Characteristics Examples Type of
Type of Invertebrate Reproduction

Nematoda -round, tubular bodies Roundworms

-Most are parasites Pinworms
-have both a mouth and
Sexual
anus Hook
-Bilateral symmetry Worms
-Broad Muscular foot Snails
-Layer of tissue called Slugs
Mollusca mantle
-Have hard shells and Clams Sexual
soft bodies Oysters
-Live on land and in
Squids
the water
Group includes: Octopuses
gastropods
bivalves &
cephalopods
-Segmented worms Segmented worms
Annelida -Body divided into Earthworm Sexual(majority)
segments(sections) Bristle Worms
-Live in water or underground
Leeches Asexual
 Invertebrates (cont’d)
Type of Invertebrate Major Examples Type of
Characteristics
Reproduction

Echinodermata Endoskeleton Starfish

covered with
spines Sea Urchins Asexual
Sand Dollar
 Invertebrates (cont’d)

Type of Major Examples Type of

Invertebrate Characteristics
Reproduction
-Jointed Legs Centipedes
Millipedes
-Segmented Sexual
Anthropods body parts
-Exoskeleton Crustaceans
-Head and
Sexual
well-
developed Arachnids
brain Sexual

Insects
Sexual
Porifera
- Simplest animals
- can regenerate body parts
Reproduction: ASEXUAL (Video)
~Invertebrate
Phylum Porifera~
• Examples: Tube
Sponge, Glass Sponge,
Sea Sponge
 Cnidarians
– 2 basic body shapes
– Examples: Jellyfish/Hydra
medusa (Ex. Jellyfish) & polyp
(ex: Hydra)
- Reproduction: Asexual
 Platyhelminthes
• Can regenerate
• some are parasites
Examples: Planaria*, Flukes, Flatworms

Reproduction: Sexual or Asexual

~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Examples: Planaria

 eyespots detect
light

 food and waste go

in and out the same
opening
~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Examples:
Tapeworm

 Parasite that lives

in intestines of
host absorbing
food
~Invertebrate
Phylum Platyhelminthes ~
 Examples: Fluke
 parasite

 lives inside
of host
~Invertebrate
Phylum Cnidaria~
 2 different shapes

 Medusa - like a
jellyfish

 Polyp - like a
hydra
~Invertebrate
Phylum Cnidaria~
• Examples - Jellyfish,
Hydra, sea
anemones, and corals
Nematodes
• Most are parasites
• Examples: Pinworms,
Hookworms

• Reproduction: Sexual
 Mollusks
- Broad Muscular foot
- Layer of tissue called mantle
- Have shells
- Group includes:
gastropods
bivalves & cephalopods

- Gills
- Examples: Complex
ganglia,Snails, Slugs,
Clams, Oysters, Squids,
Octopuses
- Reproduction: SEXUAL
~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Gastropoda
– snails and slugs

– may have 1 shell

– stomach-footed -
move on stomach
~Invertebrate
Phylum Nematoda ~
• Examples:
– Hookworm

– Trichinella
 Annelids
• Closed Circulatory
System
• Skin
• Examples: Earthworm,
Bristle Worm, Leeches
• Reproduction: SEXUAL
or ASEXUAL
 ~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
• Class Earthworms

• eat soil and breakdown

organic
matter, wastes provide
nutrients to soil
~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
»Class bristleworms
 ~Invertebrate
Phylum Annelida ~
• Class leeches

• parasites that feed on blood of other animals

~Invertebrate
Phylum Mollusca ~
Class Bivalves

– 2 shells hinged
together

– clams, oysters,

scallops and mussels

 Echinoderms
• Endoskeleton
• covered with spines
• use Tube Feet to obtain oxygen
• Examples: starfish, sea urchin,
sand dollar
• Reproduction: Asexual
~Invertebrate
Phylum Echinodermata ~
• Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and
sea cucumber
 Arthropods
-- Jointed Legs
-- Segmented Body parts
-- Exoskeleton

-- Head and well-developed brain

- Reproduction: SEXUAL
~Invertebrate
Phylum Arthropoda
• Class Pycnogonida
– Sea spider
 ~Chordata (Vertebrates)~
• 1 main phylum

• Have backbones, and once had a notochord

• 5% of all animals are in this phylum

5 classes
• Fish
• Mammals
• Reptiles
• Amphibians
• Birds
Levels of Organization
 ATOMS
• Smallest part of matter
• NON-living
 Molecules
• 2 or more bonded atoms
• Form compounds
• NON-living
 Macromolecule
• Very large molecules
• Proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic
acids
• NON-living
Organelles
• “Tiny organs”
• Made of macromolecules
 Cell
• Made of organelles
• Basic unit of structure & function
• LIVING
 Tissue
• The same kind cell working together
• Living
 Organs
• Tissues that work together
• Living
 Systems
• Organs that work together
• Living
 Organism
• Entire living things
(organisms)
• Usually made of
systems
• May be a single cell
• Living
Population
• Same type of
organism living
together
Community
• Several populations living together
• Population interact
Ecosystem
• A biotic (living) community plus the
abiotic (nonliving) features
Biome
• Similar ecosystems on earth together
Biosphere
• Whole living layer around the globe
• Includes abiotic features

http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch8en/conc8en/envisys.html
 Atom Tissue Population
Molecule Community
Macromolecule Organ Ecosystem
Organelle System Biome
Cell Biosphere
Organism
 Review
•What are Invertebrates?
•Animals without a backbone
•What is difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
•Sexual reproduction requires a mate, Asexual
reproduction doesn’t
•What is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
•Diversity/Offspring less likely to have mutations
•What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
•Population increases are limited/requires mate
 Review Cont’d
•What is an advantage of asexual reproduction?
•Increases population rapidly/no mate needed
•What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
•Reproduce offspring identical to parents
•No diversity
•Which category does a flat worm belong in
(Asexual or Sexual)?
• both
The End.