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4 - A C++Program

The document discusses the basics of a C++ program, including: 1) A C++ program contains functions, one of which must be the main function. Functions accomplish tasks and some are predefined. 2) The main function is the starting point of a C++ program. Libraries provide common functions and symbols through header files included using #include directives. 3) Input/output streams like cout and cin are used to display output and get input. cout displays to the console and cin extracts input from the keyboard.

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38 views

4 - A C++Program

The document discusses the basics of a C++ program, including: 1) A C++ program contains functions, one of which must be the main function. Functions accomplish tasks and some are predefined. 2) The main function is the starting point of a C++ program. Libraries provide common functions and symbols through header files included using #include directives. 3) Input/output streams like cout and cin are used to display output and get input. cout displays to the console and cin extracts input from the keyboard.

Uploaded by

rababahh28
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4- A C++ program

1
The Basics of a C++ Program
 A C++ program is a collection of functions, one of which is the function
main.
 A function is a set of statements whose objective is to accomplish
something.
 Some functions, called predefined or standard functions, are already
written and provided as part of the system.
 But to accomplish most tasks, programmers must learn to write their own
functions.
 if a C++ program has only one function, it must be the function main.
The function in C++ are 2 types:
1) pre-defined function in C++ compiler.
2)user-defined function by programmer.

2
Output console

#include <iostream> Hello world


int main()
{
cout << "Hello world!" << endl;
return 0;
}

Input
console
 Programming language: A set of rules, symbols, and special words.
 Many of the functions and symbols needed to run a C++ program are provided as a
collection of libraries.
 Every library has a name and is referred to by a header file.
 Preprocessor directives are processed by a program called a preprocessor .
 All preprocessor commands begin with #.

3
Preprocessor Directives (cont’d.)

• Syntax to include a header file:

• For example:
#include <iostream>
– Causes the preprocessor to include the header file
iostream in the program
• Preprocessor commands are processed before the
program goes through the compiler

4
The tracing for any C++ program starts always from main function (starting
point of a C++ program).
cout: >>
it is an object used to print on monitor
console out .
>> : angular brackets is called the insertion operator.
cout is used together with the insertion operator.
endl causes the insertion point to move to the beginning of the next line.

 cin<< : console in for input from keyboard.


cin is used together with the extraction operator >>

 cout and cin are objects in the iostream library.


5
Structure of all c++ programs
# include >iostream<
int main( )
{ std :: cout >>"hello world";
std :: cout >>"welcome to c++";
std :: cout >>"Iam a programmer";
return 0 ;
}
std : is a name space found on iostream library.

every time you use cout , you have to write:


std :: cout >>’’………’’ ;
to make it easier ,you can write the statement :
using name space std ;
At the beginning after # include >iostream< and remove the std :: before cout .
6
# include >iostream<
using namespace std;
int main( )
{cout >>"hello world" ;
cout >>"welcome to c++" ;
cout >>"Iam a programmer";
return 0 ;
}
**each instruction mostly must end with ;
The structure of all c++ programs is :
# include >iostream<
using namespace std;
int main( )
{ ----------;
-----------;
return 0 ;}

7
A C++ Program
Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "My first C++ program." << endl;
cout << "The sum of 2 and 3 = " << 5 << endl;
cout << "7 + 8 = " << 7 + 8 << endl;
return 0;
}

Sample Run:
My first C++ program.
The sum of 2 and 3 = 5
7 + 8 = 15

8
Output (cont’d.)

• A manipulator is used to format the output


– Example: endl causes insertion point to move
to beginning of next line

9
Output (cont’d.)

• The new line character is '\n'


– May appear anywhere in the string
cout << "Hello there.";
cout << "My name is James.";
Output:
Hello there.My name is James.
cout << "Hello there.\n";
cout << "My name is James.";
Output :
Hello there.
My name is James.

10
Output (cont’d.)

11
How to get data from keyboard:
program performs three basic operations: it gets data, it
manipulates the data, and it outputs the results.
The syntax of an input statement using cin and the
extraction operator >> is:
for one variable: cin >> variable ;

for multiple variables: cin >> variable >>


variable...;

12
The Basics of a C++ Program
 Comments are for the user; they typically explain the purpose of the
programs, Single-line comments begin with // and can be placed anywhere
in the line. Everything encountered in that line after // is ignored by the
compiler
 /* You can include comments that can occupy several lines */

 you can add comment by writing // or /*block*/ .

// : line comment , you can write a comment at the same line.


/*block comment*/ : block comment to write a comment on a line
or more .

13
EX.: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ // cout<<"hello"<<endl;
return 0;
}

What is the output ? No output , the cout statement is a comment , and no


problem if it is written in a wrong way .

14

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