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Magnetic Field

The document defines magnetic fields and discusses how they are generated by electric currents and magnetic materials. It introduces several key concepts: - Magnetic fields have direction and strength and are generated by moving electric charges. - The right hand grip rule determines the direction of magnetic fields around current-carrying wires and solenoids. - Fleming's left hand rule determines the direction of force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. - Magnetic flux is a measure of the number of magnetic field lines passing through an area, and magnetic flux density is the flux per unit area.

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Muhammad Khan
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42 views27 pages

Magnetic Field

The document defines magnetic fields and discusses how they are generated by electric currents and magnetic materials. It introduces several key concepts: - Magnetic fields have direction and strength and are generated by moving electric charges. - The right hand grip rule determines the direction of magnetic fields around current-carrying wires and solenoids. - Fleming's left hand rule determines the direction of force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. - Magnetic flux is a measure of the number of magnetic field lines passing through an area, and magnetic flux density is the flux per unit area.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAGNETIC FIELDS

Objectives

At the end of the lesson, student will be able to:

 Define magnetic field.


 Demonstrate the effect on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
 Determine the direction of a force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
Magnetic Field

Definition:
 A magnetic field is a region where a magnetic force is experienced .
Magnetic field of Bar Magnet
Unlike Poles attract
Like Poles Repel
Magnetic Flux Patterns

1) A long straight wire


 NOTE: Current into paper represented
by “x”

Current out of paper represented by “.”


Right hand Grip Rule

 The direction of the field is obtained by the right hand grip rule.
 Thumb - direction of conventional current
Fingers - direction of magnetic field lines
Flat circular coil

 Use Right hand grip rule


A Long Solenoid
A Long Solenoid

 Use right hand grip rule


Thumb – Field Direction
Curl of fingers – Current
 How to obtain Poles?
North Pole - By looking at the coil from one end, current flows in an
ANTICLOCKWISE direction.
South Pole - By looking at the coil from the other end, current flows in a
CLOCKWISE direction.
Electromagnet
Fleming’s Left Hand Rule

Thumb: Force
First Finger: Field
Bent Finger: Conventional Current
Magnetic Flux

 DEFN: Number of Magnetic Field lines passing through a region.

 Φ =BA
 OR
 Φ =BAcosθ
 Unit: Weber (Wb)
Magnetic Flux

∅ = 𝑵𝑩𝑨
Maximum Flux Minimum Flux

Φ =BAcosθ Φ =BAcosθ
Φ =BAcos0 Φ =BAcos90
Φ =BA Φ =0
Magnetic Flux linkage

 If a coil has “N” turns and it's area “A” is held perpendicular to a field of flux density
“B”, the flux linkage through the coil is the product of the flux and the number of turns in
the coil.
Magnetic flux density or magnetic field
induction

 DEFN: Magnetic flux passing through unit Area taken perpendicular to the field

Magnetic flux density = Magnetic flux/ Area


B=Φ/A
Unit:
Kgm2s-2A-1 / m2
NA-1 /m2 = NA-1m-2
Weber/meter2 = Tesla
Wbm-2 = T
The Tesla

 DEFN: Magnetic field strength is 1 Tesla if the force acting on a wire 1 meter long
carrying a current of 1 ampere experiences force of 1 Newton, with the field being
perpendicular to the wire.
EXPRESSIONS FOR MAGNETIC FLUX
DENSITY

 Perpendicular distance r from a long straight wire

 The center of a flat circular coil

Where N = number of turns


r = radius
 Near the center of an infinitely long solenoid
n = number of turns per unit
length
MAGNETIC FORCES

 Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field


 F = force
B = magnetic field density
I = current
L = length of conductor
θ = angle between conductor and
magnetic field
 When θ = 90°, Sinθ = 1
i.e Field is perpendicular to conductor

Therefore F = BIL F is Maximum
 When θ = 0°, Sinθ = 0
i.e Field is parallel to conductor, F = 0N (minimum)
Use Fleming’s Left Hand Rule to predict
force
Force on a CHARGE moving in a magnetic
field


F = Force
B = Magnetic field density
Q = charge
v = velocity
θ = angle between direction of
motion and field

 F is minimum when θ = 0°
F is maximum when θ = 90°
 As long as the moving electric charge is
perpendicular to the applied magnetic field,
the force on the charge causes it to undergo
circular motion, the following equation is
applied:
Consider a charged particle (electron) moving through a combination of an
Electric Field and a Magnetic Field.
 For Parallel conductors carrying current in the same direction there is attraction between both conductors.
 For Parallel conductors carrying current in opposite directions there is repulsion between both conductors.
The conductor B is placed in the field of
conductor A.

 If we use the right hand grip rule for A, the


field seen is experienced.
 By using Fleming's left hand rule for the
force on B will be seen that the force is
directed towards A.
 If the perpendicular distance between the conductors is “r”, then the field experienced at B due to A is
given by

 The force experienced by B is given by

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