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CH01 COA9e

This chapter introduces computer organization and architecture. It discusses that computer organization refers to the operational units and interconnections that realize architectural specifications, while architecture attributes have a direct impact on programmers. The four main structural components of a computer are the CPU, main memory, I/O, and system interconnection. The CPU controls operations and has a control unit, ALU, and registers as major structural components.

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10 views

CH01 COA9e

This chapter introduces computer organization and architecture. It discusses that computer organization refers to the operational units and interconnections that realize architectural specifications, while architecture attributes have a direct impact on programmers. The four main structural components of a computer are the CPU, main memory, I/O, and system interconnection. The CPU controls operations and has a control unit, ALU, and registers as major structural components.

Uploaded by

Arif Kamal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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+

William Stallings
Computer Organization
and Architecture
9th Edition
+ Chapter 1
Introduction
Computer Architecture
Computer Organization
• Attributes of a system • Instruction set, number
visible to the programmer of bits used to represent
• Have a direct impact on various data types, I/O
the logical execution of a mechanisms, techniques
program for addressing memory

Architect
Computer
ural
Architect
attributes
ure
include:
Organizat
Computer
ional
Organizat
attributes
• Hardware details transparent ion • The operational units
to the programmer, control include: and their
signals, interfaces between interconnections that
the computer and peripherals, realize the architectural
memory technology used
specifications
+
IBM System
370 Architecture
 IBM System/370 architecture
 Was introduced in 1970
 Included a number of models
 Could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without having to abandon
original software
 New models are introduced with improved technology, but retain the same
architecture so that the customer’s software investment is protected
 Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture of IBM’s mainframe
product line
+
Structure and Function

 Hierarchical system
 Structure
 Set of interrelated subsystems
 The way in which components
 Hierarchical nature of complex relate to each other
systems is essential to both their
 Function
design and their description
 The operation of individual
 Designer need only deal with a components as part of the
particular level of the system at a structure
time
 Concerned with structure and
function at each level
+
Function

 A computer can perform four


basic functions:

● Data processing
● Data storage
● Data movement
● Control
+
Operations

(a)
Data movement
+
Operations

(b)
Data storage
+

Operations

(c)
Data movement
+

Operations

(d)
Control
The
Computer
Structure
+
 CPU – controls the operation of
the computer and performs its data
There are four processing functions
main structural
components  Main Memory – stores data
of the computer:  I/O – moves data between the
computer and its external
environment

 System Interconnection – some


mechanism that provides for
communication among CPU, main
memory, and I/O
+  Control Unit
CPU  Controls the operation of the CPU and
hence the computer
Major structural
 Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
components:  Performs the computer’s data processing
function

 Registers
 Provide storage internal to the CPU

 CPU Interconnection
 Some mechanism that provides for
communication among the control unit,
ALU, and registers
+ Summary
Introduction

Chapter 1
 Computer Organization
 Structure
 CPU
 Computer Architecture  Main memory
 Function
 I/O
 Data processing
 System interconnection
 Data storage  CPU structural components
 Data movement  Control unit
 Control  ALU
 Registers
 CPU interconnection
+
Internet Resources
- Web site for book
 http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA9e.html
 Links to sites of interest
 Links to sites for courses that use the book
 Errata list for book
 Information on other books by W. Stallings

 http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html
 Math
 How-to
 Research resources
 Misc

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