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Color Models

The RGB color model is an additive color model used for computer displays. It uses combinations of red, green, and blue light to reproduce a broad array of colors. The CMYK color model is a subtractive color model used in color printing. It uses cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks to reproduce colors. The CIE chromaticity diagram maps out the visible color space and is considered the most accurate model of human color perception.

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37 views

Color Models

The RGB color model is an additive color model used for computer displays. It uses combinations of red, green, and blue light to reproduce a broad array of colors. The CMYK color model is a subtractive color model used in color printing. It uses cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks to reproduce colors. The CIE chromaticity diagram maps out the visible color space and is considered the most accurate model of human color perception.

Uploaded by

Sinduja Baskaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Color Models

Additive Colors
Subtractive Colors
RGB Color Model
RGB Color Model
• Additive color model.
• For computer display.
• Uses light to display color.
• Colors result from transmitted light.
• Red + Green + Blue = White.
• This model is called additive, and the colors are called primary colors.
• The primary colors can be added to produce the secondary colors of light-
Magenta(Red + Blue), Cyan(Green + Blue), and Yellow(Red + Green).
• The combination of Red, Green and Blue at full intensities makes white.
RGB Color Model
• The RGB model is usually represented by a unit cube with one corner
located at the origin of a three- dimensional color coordinate system, the
axes being labeled R, G, B, and having a range of values [0, 1].

• The origin (0, 0, 0) is considered black and the diagonally opposite


corner (1, 1, 1) is called white.

• The line joining black to white represents a gray scale and has equal
components of R, G, B.
RGB Color Model
CMY / CMYK Model
• CMYK (subtractive color model) is the standard color model used in
printing for full-color documents.
• Because such printing uses inks of these four basic colors, it is often
called four-color printing.
• Where two colors of RGB overlaps, we see a new color formed by
mixing of the two additive primaries. These new colors are:
• A greenish blue called cyan.
• A blushed red called magenta.
• A bright yellow.
• The key color is Black.
CMY / CMYK Model
CMY / CMYK Model
CMY / CMYK Model
HSV Model – Hue Saturation Value
HSV Model
HSV Model
• HSV is a color model that describes colors interms of
shade(saturation) and their brightness(value)

• Hue refers to the specific color, for example, red, red-


orange, and orange are three hues.

• Value refers to how light or dark a color a color is—how


much gray is incorporated. Black has a low value (dark),
white has a high value.

• Saturation refers to the intensity of a color, how pure its


hue is.

• Highly saturated colors are bright, low-saturation colors


appear more washed out or dull.
HLS Model
HLS Model
• HLS color model A color model that defines colors by the three parameters
hue (H), lightness (L), and saturation (S).

• Hue lies on a circle, saturation increases from center to edge of this circle,
lightness goes from black to white.

• This model uses the same hue plane as the HSV model, but it replaces value
(V) by an extended lightness axis so that the maximum color is at L=0.5 and
decreases in each direction towards white (L=1) and black (L=0).

• The HLS color model is represented by a double hexagonal cone, with white
at the top apex and black at the bottom.
HLS Model
YIQ Model

Y component – black & white

I component - orange to blue

Q component - purple to green


YIQ Model
• The YIQ color model is used for NTSC color TV system.
• The YIQ color model is comprised of luminance, in-phase, and quadrate.
• The Y channel contains luminous information (sufficient for black and
white TV).
• I and Q represent the chrominance information which carries color
information
• The YIQ color model is intended to take advantage of human color-
response characteristics.
• The YIQ color range is smaller than RGB.
• The YIQ color model representation is sometimes employed in color image
processing transformations.
Transformation between Color Models
Light Sources
Light Sources
• Light source is the light emitting source.
• There are three types of light sources:

• Point Source
• Distributed Source
Light Sources
• Point Source:
• Point source is the simplest light emitter e.g. light bulb.
• The source that emit rays in all directions (A bulb in a room).
Light Sources
• Distributed Source:
• Rays originate from a finite area (A tubelight).
Distributed Light Source
1. Diffuse Reflection
2. Specular Reflection
Diffuse Reflection:
• When light is incident on an opaque surface part of it is reflected and
part of it is absorbed.
• Surface that are rough or grainy, tend to scatter the reflected light in all
direction which is called diffuse reflection.
Specular Reflection:
CIE Chromaticity diagram
• The CIE color model is a color space model created by the
International Commission on Illumination known as the Commission
Internationale de l’Elcairage (CIE).
• It is also known as the CIE XYZ color space.
• The chromaticity diagram is said to describe all colors visible to the
human eye.
• However, I have also read that all visible colors are contained in a 3D
color space – very similar to a cone
• The chromaticity diagram is only a cross section at the plane
X+Y+Z=1
CIE Chromaticity diagram
• As a result, the CIE color model is unsuitable for use with many
technologies, including monitors and printers, although it is widely
considered the most accurate color model.
• When these values are combined, they can reproduce any color that a
human eye can perceive.
• The CIE specification is supposed to be able to accurately represent
every single color the human eye can perceive.
CIE Chromaticity diagram
CIE Chromaticity diagram
Color gamut:
• Color gamut is the entire range of
colors and tones achievable.
• Area inside the triangle is color
gamut.

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