“ Always Try To Do The Best In Your Life”

Introduction
to
Civil Engineering

ARJUN V
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering,
Mysore
Course outcomes: After completion of the course,
students will be able to,

1. Understand the scope of Civil Engineering.

2. Compute the resultant of given force system.

3. Assess the action of Forces and Moments on rigid

bodies to compute the reactive forces.

4. Locate the Centroid and compute the Moment of Inertia

of regular and built-up sections.

5. Analyze the kinematics of rigid bodies

Module 1: Introduction to Civil Engineering &
Engineering Mechanics

Module 2: Analysis of Concurrent Force

Systems

Module 3: Analysis of Non-Concurrent Force

Systems

Module 4: Centroids and Moments of Inertia

of Engineering Sections

Module 5: Kinematics
Brooklyn Bridge
Panama Canal
Qingdao Haiwan Bridge
Module 1: Introduction to Civil Engineering &
Engineering Mechanics

Module 2: Analysis of Concurrent Force

Systems

Module 3: Analysis of Non-Concurrent Force

Systems

Module 4: Centroids and Moments of Inertia

of Engineering Sections

Module 5: Kinematics
 Module 1: Introduction to Civil Engineering &
Engineering Mechanics
• Introduction to Civil Engineering Scope of
different fields of Civil Engineering -
Surveying, Building Materials, Construction
Technology, Geotechnical Engineering,
Structural Engineering, Hydraulics, Water
Resources and Irrigation Engineering,
Transportation Engineering, Environmental
Engineering.
 This presentation deals with
• Introduction to Civil Engineering
• Scope of Different fields of Civil Engineering
– Architecture & Town Planning
– Building Materials
– Construction Technology
– Environmental Engineering
– Geotechnical Engineering
– Hydraulics, Water Resource & Irrigation Engineering
– Remote Sensing & GIS
– Structural Engineering
– Surveying
– Transportation Engineering
 This presentation also deals with
• Infrastructure
• Types of Infrastructure
• Role of Civil Engineers in Infrastructure
Development
• Effect of Infrastructure on economic
development of a country
 Engineering
• Ingenious means ‘Clever person’ in Latin
• Engineer cleverly uses the available natural
resources for the benefit of mankind
• Provides comfort to mankind and makes life
comfortable.
• Application of scientific and mathematical
knowledge and rational thinking to improve living
standards
• Engineer: Who plays a key role in such activities
 Civil Engineering is Everywhere

Civil Engineering is a
composite of many
specific disciplines that
include structural
engineering, water
engineering, waste
material management
and engineering,
61% are clueless foundation engineering
Why? etc. among many.
about engineering
 DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL ENGINERING
Hydraulics,
Architecture &
Water Resource &
Town Planning
Irrigation Engineering

Building Remote Sensing & GIS

Materials

Construction Structural
Civil Engineering
Technology Engineering

Environmental
Surveying
Engineering

Geotechnical Transportation
Engineering Engineering
 Architecture & Town Planning
• Giving beauty to buildings is architecture
– Enhancing the appearance
– Maintaining heritage
• Proper planning of towns & cities
– Planning the layout
– Planning the road
– Separating the commercial, residential, academic and
industrial areas
– Planning green belt
– Planning sewage disposal units
– Planning water treatment plants and water storage
units

Presently separated from Civil Engineering

 Building Materials Technology
• This deals with materials used for construction. Brick, tiles,
soil, cement, stone, sand, steel, aggregates, glass, wood,
plastics etc. include construction materials. Some are natural
and many are man made.
• This deals with the proper use of desired material
economically and safely.
• The mechanical properties of these materials shall be
sufficient to avoid failure and excessive deformation and
provide durability.
• The chemical properties shall be to maintain good
environment.
Construction Technology
& Management
• Deals with planning, scheduling and
execution of construction activity related to
a project.
• Comprises of men, material, time and
money management.
• Emphasis will be on new construction
practice, use of appropriate and local
technology, safety of men and material,
utilization of marginal materials etc.
 Construction Technology
& Management
• Construction managers
– Review contracts,
– Order materials,
– Hire and schedule sub-
contractors.
• The job of a
construction manager is
to:
– Provide quality control
and insure project is
completed on time and.
– Within budget.
 Environmental
Engineering

Environmentalist
Vs
Environmental
Engineer
 Environmental Engineering
• Environment is the available nature around us. It
includes the life support system such as water, air
and land/Soil.
• Environmental engineering deals with the
technology to save nature from human and natural
abuse and pollution.
• The study involves balanced compromise between
environment and safety.
• It deals with,
– Technique of water collection, purification and supply
– Waste water collection, treatment and disposal
– Control of all types of pollution
 Geotechnical Engineering
• All structures are founded on ground. Forces from
structure are safely transferred to soil. Essential to
understand ground behavior and interaction
between soil and structure.

• Involves
– Foundations
– Slopes
– Retaining Structures
– Highway pavement design
– Embankments and earth dams
– Tunnels, underground structures and deep cuts
Geotechnical
Engineering
• To assess the quality
of soil or rock to carry
the structure
• Proper knowledge of
geotechnical engg is
necessary for safety
and stability of
structures
 For a geotechnical engineer,

Super Structure

Ground Level

Foundation
or
Substructure
Foundation Soil

Foundation Soil and sub-structure should resist forces

without failure or excessive deformation
•Hydraulics deals with
mechanics of water (fluid)
Hydraulics,
flow. Water Resource
•Water resource engineering & Irrigation
deals with identification &
utilization of available water
Engineering
resources minimizing the
loss. Surface water such as
river and lake water and
ground water are usefully
managed.
•This also deals with ground
water utilization, ground
water recharge and rain water Archemedis Screw
harvesting. Hand operated tool to rise water
 Hydraulics, Water Resource & Irrigation
Engineering
• Irrigation engineering deals with water management for
agriculture purpose.
• Dams are constructed at the desired locations to store water
in reservoir when the supply from river is good and to utilize
for useful purpose during draught. Canals are built for the
purpose. During excess input, water is allowed to main river
through the body of dam to avoid flooding.

Falkirk Wheel in Scotland Hoover Dam in USA

 Remote Sensing & GIS
• This is one of the new fields.
• The improvement in space technology,
availability of GPS enhanced the scope of
geographic information system.
• Good mapping technique helps to get required
information accurately and quickly to effectively
manage and monitor the available resources for
optimal use.
• GIS is an hightech equivalent of map. It represents a
means to locate ourselves in relation to world
around us. It deals with measurement, mapping,
monitoring and modeling of geographic information
around us.
 Structural Engineering

Burj Dubai Petronas

• Structure is the assemblage of two or more

basic elements such as beam, slab, column,
truss, frame, shells etc.
• Deals with the requirements considering design
for limit states of collapse and serviceability.
• Involves determination of support
reactions, member forces and
Structural
moments, deflection and Engineering
deformations.

• Deals with planning of

positions/layout of different
elements and design
(determination of size, shape and
material) of component such that
safety and serviceability
requirements are not sacrificed,
yet economy is considered.

• Repair, rehabilitation and

maintenance is part of structural
engineering.

• Dams, Bridges, Stadiums,

Auditoriums, Multi-storeyed
buildings are analysed & designed
 Surveying
• Activity involved in collection
of topographic features of a
location for future
construction.
• Feasibility survey, alternate
and most suitable method is
evolved
• Helps in environmental
impact assessment
 Surveying
Objectives of Surveying

• Execution of survey to collect

topographic data

• Calculation and analysis of data,

plotting survey data to create design maps

• Provision of line, grade and other layout

works

Total Station
• Application of scientific approach Transportation
(planning, design, operation and
management) of transportation Engineering
systems such as roads, railway,
sea/river & air transports.
• It involves planning, design,
construction/operation and
maintenance of transportation facility.
• In air strip runways, roads and
railway, the study includes the design
of pavement system.
• Maintenance and upgradation of
docks, harbors, airports, railway
system based on requirements,
population growth is a part of this
discipline.
 Deals with Transportation system
Planning and Highway material design
Infrastructure
 Infrastructure
Interstate 80, the second-longest U.S.
Interstate highway, runs from
California to New Jersey

•Infrastructure is the framework of supporting system

consisting of roads, airports, bridges, buildings, parks
and other amenities for the comfort of mankind
•Economically, infrastructure are the structural
elements that allow for production of goods and
services without themselves being part of the
production process
•e.g. roads allow the transport of raw materials and
finished products
 Infrastructure deals with
• Transportation
– Road Network
– Railway
– Ports & Harbors
– Air travel and Airports
• Television Network
• Telephone Network
– Landline connections
– Mobile phone connections
• Energy Sector
– Electrification
– Reduction in energy loss
– Use of renewable energy such as Solar, Wind, Biogas plants
• Agricultural Activity
– Largest economic investment
• Construction Activity
– Second largest economy in India
– Lifelines
 Why infrastructure growth ?
• Political will
• Funding from multi-lateral agencies such as
ADB, World Bank, Japan Bank etc.
• Increased private participation
• Innovative modes of funding
– Cess on petrol & diesel
– Special tax on air travel
– Levying tonnage tax on ships
– Infrastructure tax in Bangalore
 Impact of infrastructural
development of a country
• Increase in food production
• Protection from drought, famine, flood
• Healthy and comfortable housing facility
• Safe domestic and industrial water supply
• Safe and scientific waste disposal
• Improvement in communication and
transportation
• Generation of electricity from nuclear, hydel,
thermal, solar or wind energy
• Improved, wealth, prosperity, standard of living
• Overall growth of a nation
 Impact of infrastructural facility on
socio-economic growth of a nation
• Large scale budget allocation for infrastructure
leads to agricultural and industrial
developments.
• Provide employment, eradicates poverty and
enhances per capita income.
• Urban growth only can lead to population drift
from rural sectors leading to explosion in
population in cities and inadequate development
of villages and improper care for agricultural
sector.
• Use of infrastructural facility only by upper class
leads to imbalance.
 Role of Civil engineers in
Infrastructural development
• Construction of roads, railway, ports, harbors
and airports

• Construction of dams and proper utilization of

water resources.

• Construction of Housing, commercial and

industrial complexes
• Maintenance of facility
• Rebuilding, Rehabilitation, Retrofitting and
Repair
Mixture of Technological growth &
raw rural strength, blend of western
& traditional culture
 TEXT BOOKS
1. Elements Of Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics
by B.K. Kolhapure, E3P3, Eastern book promoters
Belgaum.

2. Elements of Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics

by H. J. Sawant and S. P. Nitsure, Technical
Publications.

3. Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering

Mechanics by M.N. Shesha Prakash and Ganesh. B.
Mogaveer, PHI Learning, 3rd Revised edition.
 REFERENCES
1. Engineering Mechanics-Statics and Dynamics by
A Nelson, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Ltd.

2. Engineering Mechanics by S.Timoshenko, D.H.Young,

and J.V.Rao, TATA McGraw-Hill Book Company.

3. Engineering Mechanics-Statics and Dynamics by

N. H. Dubey, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Ltd.