VIGILOHM

insulation monitoring devices

by Patrick HENRY
Business Development Manager

Energy Management Solutions

Contents

1. Introduction – What is Vigilohm?

2. Earthing arrangements
3. Applications
4. How does Vigilohm work?
5. The Vigilohm offer
6. Strong points
7. Conclusion

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 2
 Section 1 - Introduction

WHAT IS VIGILOHM?

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What is Vigilohm?

●Vigilohm is the range of Insulation Monitoring

Devices for Schneider Electric.

●Used in IT earthing arrangements, the solution

●Guarantees process continuity in case of earth fault,
●Improves staff and process safety, and
●Optimizes maintenance.

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 4
Vigilohm products and solutions
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

Manual fault Automatic fault Measurement per

location location feeder

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Insulation monitoring device (IMD)
functions
● Level 1 : fault detection and signaling, manual fault location (all IMDs)

IM9: for AC networks only

IM9OL: for off-line motor monitoring (TN, TT or IT networks)
IM10, IM20: for AC and DC networks
XGR, XRM: fault location is done manually (current probe + mobile
detector)

● Level 2 : automatic fault location

XM200 + XD devices + use of current probe + mobile detector

● Level 3 : feeder measurement + communication

XML / XM300C + XL devices, XD devices

XLI, XTU interfaces

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 Section 2

EARTHING ARRANGEMENTS

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The letters in earthing arrangements

●1st letter represents the transformer neutral

connection to earth T (terre – earth) or I (isolated)
Neutre isolé
De la Terre

Grounded neutral Ungrounded neutral

●2nd letter represents the load frame connection:

frame connected to earth (T) or neutral (N)

Grounded load frame Load frame connected

to neutral

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 8
TT earthing arrangements

MV LV
●The exposed conductive L1
parts of the installation L2
L3
N
are connected to an earth
electrode (Ra) which is
electrically separated from
the LV substation earth
electrode (Rb).
PE

R R
●Protection by RCDs B A

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 9
TN earthing arrangements

●Protection by overcurrent tripping

TN-C TN-S

L1 L1
L2 L2
L3 L3
PEN N
PE

RP
AB
RPA
B

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 10
IT earthing arrangements

●No protection is needed L1

L2
L3

PE
R
PAB

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Earthing arrangement & applications

●Earthing arrangement choice will depend on the type of

application:
●TT: small tertiary and residential networks
●TN: industrial networks, large tertiary networks
●IT: marine, some specific hospital areas, for industry applications
with a high service continuity need

●All systems are equivalent with regard to people safety

●In large installations, the best system is a combination of

earthing arrangements.

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 12
Earth fault consequence
230V Ph

●TN-C / TN-S : CB N
CB magnetic tripping
R1
< 10

●TT :
CB tripping with RCD

●IT :
First fault - No effect !!!
Second fault - CB magnetic tripping (like TN-C/TN-S)

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 13
Case of a second fault in IT system
●A short circuit means breaker trips!

L1
L2
L3

PE
R PAB

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 14
Earthing arrangement comparison
TT IT TN-C TN-S Observation
First Fault

Safety of person + ++ + + IT: UC # 0 on the 1st fault

Fire + ++ -- - IT: I is very low on the 1st fault

Explosion + ++ -- - IT: I is very low on the 1st fault

Availability + ++ + + Further to the first fault

Maintenability + ++ - - Preventive maintenance

Reliability of the ++ ++ - + Small I fault (damage-electrodynamic forces)

installation
Need a permanent insulation module/system
Easy implementation + - ++ + Difficult to implement on big networks
Some technical difficulties

Cost + - ++ + Need a permanent insulation module/system

And a transformer per sub-network

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 15
Indirect contact and insulation fault (TT)
230V Ph

CB N
Ph
R1 RCD R2
30mA / 10mA 1K
< 10 < 10
Defect

UB
R2

U0 Ground

Hypothesis: R1 = R2 = 10  R1

U body: UB = 230 * R2/(R1+R2) = 115 V N

I body: Ib = 115V / 1K = 115 mA (high risk over 30mA)

Fault current: 230V / 20 = 11.5A

This current is not high enough to trip the circuit breaker.

This is why RCDs are mandatory in TT; the RCD makes the protection.

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 16
Indirect contact & insulation fault (IT)
230V
Ph

CB N

R1 R2
< 10 1K
< 1 M

Hypothesis: R1 = 1 M 
U body: : Ub = 230 V * R2/(R1+R2)=230*R2/R1 = 2.3 mV
Ph
I body: Ib= Ub /1 k  = 2.3 mV / 1k = 2,3 µA
I body increases with R1 decrease Defect
Fault current IR1 = 230V / 1M = 0.2 mA
Ub
R2

U0
No risk after the first fault: no trip is needed. Ground

What happens after a second fault on another phase? R1

Short circuit so the circuit breaker will open.
It is necessary to detect the first fault. N

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 17
Limits for an IT earthing network
1 wire:
Ph
10 M / km
0.3 µF / km (10.6 K / Km @ 50 Hz) Defect

3 wires * ==> 0.9 µF / Km RT

Uc

(* 3 rather than 4 as one capacitance is U0 Ground

in // with the defect)
Zc

Uc max = 50V (safety limit) N

Uc = U0 * RT/Zc

C max to have Uc < or = to 50V

Cmax = Uc / U0 * RT * 2*pi * f
40 µF
Cmax = 1 / U0 * 62.8 (for 50Hz) 4 x 10 µF

Max length according to the voltage

Ph - Ph = 760V ==> Ph - N = 760 / 1.732 = 439V => 36 µF
0.9 µF / Km ==> limit = 40 Km
240V = 66 µF ==> limit = 73 Km (3 phases)
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IT earthing arrangement: Pros & Cons

●Energy availability - Up-time >>

●Fire and explosion risks
●ED life time
●Preventive and corrective maintenance
But
●Implementation costs
●Network size
●Fault localisation

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 Section 3

IT EARTHING APPLICATIONS

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 Typical applications in IT arrangement
Some hospital areas
Off-shore

Ships
Availability Oil & Gaz
Fire
Explosion
Safety lighting
Industrial applications
with continuous or
Nuclear plants sensitive processes
( furnaces, industrial
robots…)
= mandatory Airports
= prescription / promotion (runway lighting, traffic supervision)

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Hospital applications
•Key application driver : patient safety
•Product features for this environment
•AC internal impedance > 100 kOhms
•Test voltage (=injection voltage) <= 25 Vdc
•Injected current <= 1mA,
even under fault conditions
Hospital Anaesthetic room
•50 kOhms threshold
Hospital Operating theatre

Hospital Operating preparation room

Hospital Operating plaster room

Hospital Operating recovery room

Hospital Heart catheterization room

Hospital Intensive care room

Hospital Angiographic examination room

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Marine applications

● All vessel types (both commercial

and military) and the whole LV
electrical distribution
● 5 to 10 devices par vessel
● Cruise liners, transport ships – car
ferries, containers, navy vessels

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Industry and infrastructure applications
Key application drivers : energy availability and safety

Oil & Gaz - Extraction & refineries All the process in LV

Cement LV motors
Steel Cold or hot mills

Glass Furnaces. If the furnaces stops, it is dead

Paper Mill
Aluminium Electrolysis vat
Chemical Furnaces. If the furnace stops, it is dead
Mechanics, car makers Yes

Power generation - Nuclear or thermal Auxiliary equipement

Power generation - Solar Solar farm
Food & Beverage Conveyor
Pharmaceutical industry Conveyor
Semi-conductor Various process machines

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 Section 4

HOW DOES VIGILOHM WORK?

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How does Vigilohm work?
● IT earthing arrangement is used to guarantee supply
Protection threshold
continuity (energy availability) in an electrical
installation
Fault threshold

● Requirements of the IT system:

●Continuously monitor the installation insulation by
DC injection or AC injection
●Signal the first fault
●Locate faults (manually or automatically)

● The Vigilohm range of IMDs provide a permanent

insulation monitoring solution
●Thus helping end users to increase process
availability and improving staff and process safety

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 26
Operating diagram

●Vigilohm IMDs are connected to neutral or to a

network phase
IMD connected to neutral IMD connected to a phase
L1 L1

L2 L2
V V
L3 L3

IMD V IMD
3 V
When the first fault occurs, When the first fault occurs,
the IMD detects the
E95484

the IMD detects the network

E95485

network phase-to-neutral phase-to-phase voltage V

voltage across its terminals across its terminals

Multiple sources > A single Insulation Monitoring Device

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Current injection
● In IT arrangement, because the fault current is very small, and therefore
difficult to measure, the insulation monitoring device (IMD) injects a low
frequency or a DC current. This current can go though the IMD because the
IMD impedance is high at 50Hz (IT) but low for the injected current (equivalent
to a TT).
● The aim is to measure the return current to calculate the system’s impedance.
● This current depends on the leakage impedance of the network to be
monitored.

Locating insulation faults is done by

tracing the path of a low frequency
current injected at the origin of the
LF generator
installation.

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What does Vigilohm measure & monitor?

●Insulation resistance
●If the resistance value is under the set-point, an alarm is triggered
●This resistance value is displayed on some modules
●For more advanced modules:
●Insulation resistance and 2 set-points (warning and alarm)
●Leakage capacitance

●Resistance and capacitance are good ways to know the

status of the system
●Allows preventive maintenance

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Why do we measure the network
capacitance?
● Monitoring the C value is essential on large networks since the
C-related impedance can cause these networks to drift towards
a TT arrangement. This configuration would generate a
dangerous voltage contact and a high fault current in case of
earth fault.
● Only Schneider Electric monitors these value.

● Thus, during ED design, it will be highly recommended to limit

network size (long cables).

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Operating principle: DC Injection

● The capacitance of the network is irrelevant when a DC voltage

injection IMD is used to measure the insulation.
● DC voltage injection IMDs can only be used on AC networks

Vi R network C network

Vi Vs
R network = - Rs and i =
Rs i Rs

Vs
E95476

Rs (Vi - Vs)
R network =
Vs
IMD Network

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Operating principle: AC Injection
● The resistance and capacitance of the network are displayed by
measuring the insulation with an AC voltage injection IMD.
● Synchronous demodulation is used to indicate the real and imaginary
parts of Z and therefore to calculate the resistance R and capacitance
C of the network.
i RS

Vi R network C network

Z = R network // 1 ,
E95480

C network x 
network complex impedance
IMD Network

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 32
Different injection methods, different IMDs
● There are two types of permanent insulation monitors that use different
injection methods:
●DC current injection IMD

IM9 / IM9OL
●AC current injection IMD (can be communicating)

IM10 / IM20 XM200 XM300C

IM10 / IM20H
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Two Types of monitoring
MV/LV

● On-line insulation monitoring

P1
●IT system for a part or the
CPI
whole installation
●IT system for AC or DC
installations

CPI

● Off-line insulation monitoring

●Load insulation monitoring

CPI

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Multiple configuration options

● Network type : AC / DC
● Injection type : AC / DC
● Injection type : permanent or non permanent

Network type

AC DC
type
Injection

AC Yes Yes

DC Yes

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 Section 5

THE VIGILOHM OFFER

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Vigilohm offer

● Level 1 solution – Manual fault location

●Hospital – IM10H, IM20H, HRP
●Marine, Industry & Infrastructures: IM9, IM10, IM20
●Industry / off-line monitoring: IM9OL
● Level 2 solution – Automatic fault location
●XM200, XD3xx
● Level 3 solution – Feeder measurement & communication
●XML3xx, XM300C
●XL3xx, XD308C, XLI / XTU communication interface
● Accessories
●Toroids
●Cardew surge limiter
●ZX impedance
●HV-IM20-1.7 subassembly
●PHT1000 subassembly
●Mobile fault location kit
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 The Vigilohm Offer
LEVEL 1 SOLUTION
MANUAL FAULT LOCATION

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Vigilohm offer : Hospitals
Product features
Vigilohm IM10-H, IM20-H and HRP help ensure patient safety

IM10-H
●Fault detection and signaling
●Insulation resistance value display
IM20-H:
●Fault detection and signaling
●Insulation resistance value display
●Transformer monitoring (current and temperature)
●Modbus communication
●Alarm log IM10-H / IM20-H
HRP
●Insulation fault remote indicator (audible & visual)
●Electrical fault (transformer overload or circuit breaker tripping ) remote indicator
(audible & visual)
●Insulation daily test

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Vigilohm offer : Hospitals
Key technical specifications

IM10-H / IM20-H
●Standards: IEC 60364-7-10, IEC 61557-8
●Network voltage: up to 230 V ac, 50 or 60 Hz
●Insulation resistance value reading: from 1 kOhm to 1
MOhm
●Minimal fault threshold: 50 kOhms
●Accuracy : 5%
●Auxiliary supply: AC or DC (generally the monitored HRP:
network) Hospital remote panel

HRP key technical features:

●Tested with Anios products (anti-bacterial cleaning product)
●Insulation Monitoring test button
●24 Vdc auxiliary supply

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Vigilohm offer : Marine, Industry, Infra.
Product features (Online insulation monitoring)
IM9, IM10 and IM20 help ensure process continuity, staff and process safety in IT earthing
network arrangements

IM9
●Fault detection and signaling without display (only for monitoring small AC networks)
●Pre-alarm threshold
IM10:
●Fault detection and signaling with large, intuitive multi-language display
●Insulation resistance value display
IM20:
●Same as IM10 plus
●Leakage capacitance measurement display
●Transformer monitoring (current and temperature)
●Modbus communication
●Alarm log
●Current injection inhibition feature
●Compatible with higher network nominal voltages with the HV subassembly

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Vigilohm offer : Marine, Industry, Infra.
Specific standards for IM9, IM10 and IM20

● IEC 60364-4-41 : Electrical standards in buildings

● IEC 61557-8 : Insulation Monitoring Devices in IT earthing arrangement
● IEC 61557-9 : Equipment for insulation fault location in IT earthing
arrangements

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Vigilohm offer : Marine, Industry, Infra.
IM9 key technical specifications

● Network voltage
●Up to 480 Vac L-L, 50, 60 or 400 Hz
● Two alarm thresholds
●Pre-alarm: from 2,5 to 500 kOhms
●Alarm: from 1 to 250 kOhms
● 1 changeover contact in case of earth fault
● Auxiliary supply:
●110 to 415 Vac (+/- 15%) IM9
●125 to 250 Vdc (+/-15%)

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 43
Vigilohm offer : Marine, Industry, Infra.
IM10 / IM20 key technical specifications

● Network voltage:
●Up to 480 Vac L-L, 50, 60 or 400 Hz
●Up to 345 Vdc
●Up to 1700 Vac L-L with subassembly (IM20)
● Range for leakage capacitance readings:
●0,1 – 40 µF (IM20) – Impedance display
● 2 thresholds
●Pre-alarm: from 1 kOhm to 1 Mohms
●Alarm: from 0,5 kOhm to 500 kOhms IM10 / IM20
● 1 changeover contact in case of earth fault
● Auxiliary supply:
●110 to 415 Vac (+/-15%) / 125 to 250 Vdc (+/-
15%)
● Multi-language support for English, French, Spanish,
Italian, Portuguese, Chinese, and Russian
● DNV approval for the Marine market
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Vigilohm offer : Industry
IM9-OL Product features (Offline insulation monitoring)
IM9-OL for insulation monitoring of offline motors (i.e., motors that
are not normally powered, such smoke extractors)
●Functions
●Insulation monitoring with an adjustable threshold
●Motor start inhibition with a second threshold
●Ability to authorize start, even in case of low insulation
●Fault detection and signaling in all motor earthing
arrangements (TN, TT, IT)
●Standards
●Product: IEC 61557-8, Safety : 61010-1
●Features
●Motor nominal voltage : up to 690 V IM9-OL
●Pre-alarm threshold: from 0,5 to 10 Mohms
●Motor inhibition threshold: from 0,25 to 2 Mohms
●Suitable for 1 ph or 3 ph motors, including star/delta start

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 45
 The Vigilohm Offer
LEVEL 2 SOLUTION
AUTOMATIC FAULT LOCATION

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Vigilohm offer - automatic fault location

● Ideal for medium or large networks with a

significant number of feeders

● Typical architecture
●XM200 IMD that displays global R and C
●XD312 / XD301 automatic fault locators

● The customer typically uses a manual fault

locating kit for the downstream distribution

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Automatic fault location – strong points

● Global network monitoring (R and C)

● Unlimited number of locators
● No link between the XM200 (injector)
and XD devices (locators)
● Transient fault management on
both XM200 and XD devices
● Both XD312 and XD301
locate the fault

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XM200 key technical features

● Network voltage:
●up to 760 Vac (injection connected to
neutral)
●up to 440 Vac (injection connected to
phase)
●up to 500 Vdc
●For higher voltages, please use XM300C.
● Range for insulation resistance readings:
●from 0,1 to 999 kOhms
● Range for leakage capacitance readings:
●from 0,1 to 199 µF
● 2 thresholds (pre-alarm and alarm) and 2
output contacts

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XD301 / XD312 key technical features

●Immediate identification of the faulty

feeder

●Network type:
●low voltage, AC (45 to 400 Hz) or DC
●Operating threshold:
●2,5 mA @ 2,5 Hz
●Polling time:
●20 s per channel
●1 output contact

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 The Vigilohm Offer
LEVEL 3 SOLUTION
FEEDER MEASUREMENT & COMMUNICATION

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Vigilohm offer - measurement per feeder
and communication
● Ideal for medium or large network
monitoring, especially for control
networks with multiple incomers and
feeders
● R and C measurement per feeder is
prescribed
● The customer wants to monitor
insulation from the supervisory system

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Level 3 solution - architecture overview

XM300C XML308 XL308 XD308C

ION Entreprise XML316 XL316
Supervision

Vigilohm bus

XLI300/XTU300
Modbus /
Serial communication

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Level 3 solution – typical architectures

● Typical architecture
● XML308 / XML316 IMDs for global network monitoring with feeder
measurement up to 8/16 feeders
● XL308 / XL316 automatic fault locators incl. feeder measurement
● XLI / XTU communication interfaces

● This architecture suits large network management, up to 192

feeders.

● Additionally there could be a few XD301 or XD312 fault locators in

the downstream distribution

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Level 3 solution – strong points

● IT distribution networks
●AC, DC, mixed
●Non linear loads: rectifiers, static
converters, variable speed drives
XM300C
● Measurement and monitoring of network
insulation
●R and C measurement, globally and on
the most critical feeders

● Display and supervision of measurements

and setting parameters
XML308/316

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Level 3 solution – main technical features

● Injection of low frequency AC voltage Ic

between the network and earth I
● Measurement of R and C U
Ir

● 2 settings:
●adjustable pre-alarm and alarm thresholds
●1 adjustable feeder threshold
● 2 output relays
● Measurement:
● from 0.1 to 999 k / from 0,1 to 1000 µF
● Network voltage :
●from 440 Vac to 1700 Vac depending on the
selected injection cable and a possible interface from
500 Vdc to 1200 Vdc

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 The Vigilohm Offer
ACCESSORIES

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Toroids for automatic fault detection

● A single range of toroids for XD and XL devices

● Open or split core

● GA 300
● SA 200
● MA 120
● IA 80
● PA 50
● TA 30

●POA
● GOA

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Cardew surge limiter

● Protects the electrical distribution – including the

insulation monitor - against overvoltages

● Mandatory with NF C 63-150 (French standard)

/ not mandatory to comply with IEC 60364
standard.

● To be connected the closest to MV / LV

transformer – between neutral and earth or
phase and earth.

● Not necessary for LV / LV transformer

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ZX impedance

● Reduces voltage differences between network and

earth

● Impedance value:
●1,5 kΩ at 50 Hz
●1 MΩ at 2,5 Hz / DC
●U < 500 V AC
MV/
LV

IMD

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HV-IM20-1.7 subassembly

● Makes Vigilohm IM20 IMD compatible with

higher network nominal voltages:
●415 Vac < U < 1000 Vac for phase
connection
●415 Vac < U < 1700 Vac for neutral
connection

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PHT1000 subassembly

● Reduce the input voltage for IMDs like

XM300c and XML with the following network
voltages
●440 < U < 1000 Vac for phase connection
●760 < U < 1700 Vac for neutral connection
●500 < U < 1200 Vdc for DC networks

MV/LV

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Mobile fault locating kit

● This equipment can be used on DC or AC

networks.

● It includes:
●A 2.5 Hz generator: XGR
●a 2.5 Hz receiver: XRM
●Three probes: P15 - P50 - P100

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 63
Mobile fault locating kit

● Fault locating principle to be used

when the IMD detected a fault:
IMD
●Calibrate the receiver or
XGR
●Locate the faulty feeder

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 Section 6

STRONG POINTS

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Strong points of the Vigilohm offer
Technical features
● The new offer re-uses Vigilohm injection principle and improves it
● Customer benefits: better accuracy and behavior with non linear loads
● Wide range of insulation resistance measurement and display
● Possibility of leakage capacitance measurement (IM20)

Implementation
● Very easy to install – Din rail or flush mount

Operation
● Very intuitive human man interface
● Multi-language LCD display
●Supports English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, Portuguese, Russian and
Chinese

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 66
 Section 7

CONCLUSION

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Conclusion

●Vigilohm range is Schneider Electric’s insulation

monitoring solution for ungrounded neutral networks

●For process continuity in case of earth fault

●For staff and process safety
●For maintenance optimisation

●From single motor insulation monitoring to the most

advanced network insulation monitoring

Schneider Electric - Energy Management Solutions – Vigilohm offer presentation – Patrick Henry – January 2011 68