Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm for

Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Network

Using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic
 ABSTRACT
• Lifetime enhancement has always been a crucialissue as most of the wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) operatein unattended environment where human access and monitoring are practically
infeasible.
• Clustering is one of the most powerfultechniques that can arrange the system operation in
associatedmanner to attend the network scalability, minimize energy consumption,and achieve
prolonged network lifetime.
• To conquer this issue, current researchers have triggered the propositionof many numerous
clustering algorithms.
• However, most of theproposed algorithms overburden the cluster head (CH) duringcluster
formation.
• To overcome this problem,
– many researchershave come up with the idea of fuzzy logic (FL), which isapplied in WSN for decision
making.
– These algorithms focuson the efficiency of CH, which could be adoptive, flexible, andintelligent enough
to distribute the load among the sensor nodesthat can enhance the network lifetime.
– But unfortunately, mostof the algorithms use type-1 FL (T1FL) model. In this paper,we propose a
clustering algorithm on the basis of intervaltype-2 FL model, expecting to handle uncertain level
decisionbetter than T1FL model
 INTRODUCTION

• The high amount of available information caused by the rise of information technology

constitutes an enormous advantage for information searches. Nevertheless at thesame time,

• A great problem arises as a result of this increase of data the difficulty to distinguish the necessary

information among the whole huge quantity of unnecessary data.

• \A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed

autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions,

such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations.\

• The more modern networks are bi-directional, also enabling control of sensor activity.

• The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as

battlefield surveillances.
 INTRODUCTION Continue

• The WSN is built of “nodes” from a few to several hundreds or even thousands, where each node is connected

to one sensor. Each such sensor network node has typically several parts: a radio transceiver, microcontroller,

• an electronic circuit, battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting.

• A sensor node might very in size from that of a shoebox down to the size of a grain of dust, although

functioning “motes” of genuine microscopic dimensions have yet to be created.

• The cost of sensor nodes is similarly variable, ranging from a few to hundreds of dollars, depending on the

complexity of the individual sensor nodes. The topology of the WSNs can vary from a simple star network to

an advanced multi-hop wireless mesh network.

• The propagation technique between the hops of the network can be routing or flooding. Area monitoring is a

common application of WSNs. In area monitoring, the WSN is deployed over a region where some

phenomenon. The term Environmental sensor networks has evolved to cover many applications of WSNs to

earth science research

 OBJECTIVE
• Wireless sensor network data transfer will be fast, more
effective and reliable when it comes to fuzzy logic 2
implementation as the clustering is chosen effectively and in
more efficient way by the range specification with regards to
cluster head. Fuzzy logic 2 improves over all throughput
efficiency and battery power consumption.
 EXISTING SYSTEM
• In the existing system we are using the
LEACH which means Low Energy Adaptive
Clustering Hierarchy which is applied only for
the local area networks.
• In this, models are randomized access, Low
vitality media get to Control.
 Problem Identification

• A routing chain in WSN is an ordered sequence of all the nodes

in the network forming a chain like structure to deliver the
message to the BS.
• As discussed in beginning, Clustering approach can greatly
contribute to overall system scalability, energy efficiency and
network lifetime.
• It improves the power control and helps to reuse the bandwidth
for better resource allocation.
• On the other hand, single hop communication over- burdens the
gateway with the increase in sensor density.
• The aim of this algorithm is to minimize the energy consumption
at the cluster level by forming an optimal data gathering chain.
 Literature survey

TITLE YEAR CONCEPT - ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE

2000 W. R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H.

Energyefficientcommu Balakrishnan, In this work based on analysis of
nication protocol for energy consumption for data transceiver, single
wireless microsensor hop forwarding scheme is proved to consume
networks less energy than multihop forwarding scheme

2002
Anapplication-specific W. b. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H.
protocol architecture Balakrishnan ,.Has proposed the model uses the
for wireless concept of fuzzy logic to add fuzziness with
microsensor certainty and average to calculate the
networks,” trustworthiness of a system
TITLE YEAR CONCEPT - ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE

2002 S. Lindsey and C. S. Raghabendra has introduced clustering is a

key technique which extend the lifetime of a WSN by reducing
PEGASIS: Power energy consumption which can also increase network
efficient gatheringin scalability
sensor information
systems,” in Proc. IEEE
Aerosp

2005
Cluster-head election I. Gupta, D. Riordan, and S. Sampalli has
using fuzzylogic for introduced fuzzy logic approach has been used
wireless sensor for selection super cluster Head among CHs is
networks based on three fuzzy descriptors such as battery
power, distance to base station, concentration.
TITLE YEAR CONCEPT - ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE

2011 VZ. W. Siew, C. F. Liau, A. Kiring, M. S. Arifianto,

Fuzzy logic based and K. T. K. Teo has introduced Low energy
cluster head election adaptive clustering hierarchy is the most famous
for wireless sensor hierarchical routing protocol, where the CH is
network elected in rotation basis based on a probabilistic
threshold value.
2013 V. Nehra, R. Pal, and A. K. Sharma, has
Fuzzy-based leader introduced that wireless sensor network bring a
selectionfor topology new paradigm of real-time embedded systems
controlled PEGASIS with limited computation, communication,
protocol for lifetime memory and energy resources that are being
enhancementin used for huge range of applications where the
wireless sensor traditional infrastructure-based network is
network mostly infeasible.
 Proposed System
• In proposed we are using the multi-hop network which can transfer more than one data
from one place to another place at a time.
• Multi-hop network has the wider connection, high area network system.
• The proposed calculation expands on the highest point of the guideline of LEACH.
• Fuzzy Logic is fit for taking constant choices with loose and deficient data .
• It is exceptionally basic and adaptable to take ongoing choices under indeterminate
condition.
• Inside this occupation, the entire antenna plan is separated into figure of levels and at
each level, capable Cluster Head is picked in context of T2FL Model.
• Three delicate descriptors, for example, remarkable arrangement control, separation to
base station, and focus have been considered.Every crowd together top sends the
information to the going with level (begin as of the preeminent stage to the previous
level) till it comes to at the base position.
• By then a lot of the custom uses Type 2 Fuzzy Logic legitimizing that delicate
technique for thinking show handles reliable issues more unequivocally than some
other probabilistic model.
 Advantage of Proposed System
• In the proposed model, sensor nodes are considered to be
deployed uniformly to monitor the environment continuously.

– 1) All the sensor nodes are considered to be static including the

base station.
– 2) Homogeneous networks have been considered such that all the
sensor nodes have initial equal energy.
– 3) Distance between the base station and the sensor node is
computed based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI).
– 4) A stand by CH (SB-CH) is elected in the last level of the chain
(nearer to the BS) for delivering the message to BS in case of any
energy drop out occurs at last CH
 Methodology
• The basic LEACH protocol is a promising protocol and provides an opportunity
to improve in various parts of the communication protocol so that the
applicability of the protocol can be widely extended.
• In this work, the whole sensor network is divided into number of levels and at
each level, efficient Cluster Head is elected based on T2FL Model.
• Three fuzzy descriptors such as remaining battery power, distance to base
station, and concentration have been considered.
• Each Cluster Head sends the data to the next level (starting from the first level to
the last level) till it reaches at the base station.
• The novelty of the protocol utilizes the concept of Type 2 Fuzzy Logic justifying
that fuzzy logic model handles real time problems more accurately than any
other probabilistic model.
• Again, Type 2 Fuzzy Logic Model handles the measured level of uncertainties
more accurately than Type1 Fuzzy logic model. Further, multi-hop
communication protocol provides a wider scope for larger application
 Proposed Algorithm
• Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and centralized LEACH (LEACH-C),
• two well-known clustering based routing protocols are discussed that provides many more
opportunities for developing new protocols. LEACH adopts
• 1) Randomized probabilistic model
• 2) Local information for data transfer
• 3) Low energy media access control
• 4) Application specific data processing such as aggregation or compression etc.

• Fuzzy Logic is capable of taking real time decisions with imprecise and incomplete information.
• It is very simple and flexible to take real time decisions under uncertain environment. Further,
T2FL model can handle the uncertainty environment more accurately than T1FL model because
the membership degrees of T2FL are themselves fuzzy sets.
• In general, random uncertainties are related to probabilistic theory and Linguistic randomness is
related to fuzzy sets.
• The power of fuzzy sets changes with different types of fuzzy models such as type-1 to type-n,
since they are intended to cope with varying levels of uncertainty. In this work, T2FL model is
used in view of improving the routing technique by efficiently electing a cluster head.
Block Diagram of type-1 fuzzy inference
system.
Block Diagram of type-2 fuzzy inference
system.
Type 2 Fuzzy logic (T2FL) system for the
proposed model.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
 MODULES
• System Model
• Energy Model
• Fuzzy Logic Model
• Simulation Model
 MODULE DESCRIPTIONS

• We consider a large-scale Wireless Sensor

Network with n no. of Sensor Nodes.
 System Model

• Sensor nodes are considered to be deployed uniformly to monitor the

environment continuously. All the sensor nodes are considered to be
static including the base station.
• Homogeneous networks have been considered such that all the sensor
nodes have initial equal energy.
• Distance between the base station and the sensor node is computed
based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI).
• A stand by CH (SB-CH) is elected in the last level of the chain (nearer
to the BS) for delivering the message to BS in case of any energy drop
out occurs at last CH.
• CH is elected based on the T2FL model viewing that T2FL can handle
higher level uncertainties present in the complex real world
environments.
 Energy Model

• The sensor network is divided into number of levels.

• The sensor nodes from sensor network form the cluster of different size
at different levels. Each cluster has a CH. The information sensed by
each node is transmitted to CH.
• Each CH gathers the data from its cluster members compresses it and
sends the compressed data to the base station.
• Since most of the energy is dissipated during the transmission, the
energy optimization technique has been used.
• The transmitter dissipates energy to run the radio electronics and power
amplifier whereas the receiver dissipates energy to radio electronics.
• The amount of energy consumption required for l bits to travel to a
distance d (from the transmitter to the receiver) during transmission and
reception.
 Fuzzy Logic Model:

• T2FL produces smooth performances and always outperforms T1FL model.

• The inference techniques and the fuzzy system used for our proposed model.
• Three fuzzy input variables are considered to elect the tentative CH.
• All the three input variables have three membership functions each. The fuzzy set
that represents the three input variables i.e. remaining battery power, distance to
BS, and concentration is depicted Figure 7 (a), (b) and (c) respectively.
• The linguistic variables for the fuzzy set is less, medium and high.
• Triangular membership function has been considered for less, medium and high.
• The linguistic variables for distance to BS are taken as close, adequate and far.
The third fuzzy input variable is the concentration that means how many senor
nodes are available in that particular locality.
• The linguistic variables for concentration are considered as low, medium and
high. The degree of the membership function is shown by a numerical after each
membership function.
 Simulation Model

• The proposed protocol has been simulated and experimented for

network size of 40 nodes.
• The CH is elected based on T2FL Model based on three fuzzy
descriptors such as Remaining Battery power, Distance to base station
and Concentration.
• The same set of data has been applied for both the (T1FL/T2FL) Model.
• The FOU can be varied from 0 to 1. For clarity of the proposed work,
FOU with 0.7 and FOU with 0.2 is randomly selected to explore the
utility of T2FL model.
• FOU with 0.2 is an example of lower limit and FOU with 0.7 is an
example of higher limit.
• T2FL if-then-else rules have been applied to evaluate the confidence
factor (CF) to be the CH.
 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

• Following are the performance metrics

selected for the performance analysis of
proposed schemes.
• Network Lifetime: Withstand of a network
over time with energy consumed.
• Packet delivery ratio (PDR): Fraction of the
number of data packets sent from the source to
the number of successfully received at the
destination.