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Analytic Geometry

Analytic Geometry combines algebra and geometry through the use of coordinate systems. It was pioneered by Rene Descartes who introduced the Cartesian coordinate system. This system specifies each point in a plane using numerical x and y coordinates representing the distance from two fixed perpendicular lines. Analytic Geometry studies geometric properties using algebraic operations on symbols defined by coordinates. It allows representing lines, circles, and other shapes using algebraic equations. Common topics include finding distances, slopes, equations of lines and conic sections like circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and parabolas.

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John Allen Estillomo
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17 views

Analytic Geometry

Analytic Geometry combines algebra and geometry through the use of coordinate systems. It was pioneered by Rene Descartes who introduced the Cartesian coordinate system. This system specifies each point in a plane using numerical x and y coordinates representing the distance from two fixed perpendicular lines. Analytic Geometry studies geometric properties using algebraic operations on symbols defined by coordinates. It allows representing lines, circles, and other shapes using algebraic equations. Common topics include finding distances, slopes, equations of lines and conic sections like circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and parabolas.

Uploaded by

John Allen Estillomo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analytic Geometry

Analytic Geometry
• Combination of Algebra and Geometry.
• Is the study of geometric properties by means of algebraic operations
upon symbols defined in terms of a coordinate system.
• Rene Descartes is the recognized father of Analytic Geometry.
Cartesian Coordinate System
• Is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely in a plane by
a set of numerical coordinates which are the signed distances to the
point from two fixed perpendicular directed lines, measured in the
same unit of length.
• Discovered by Rene Descartes
Distance Between Two Points
Division of Line Segment
• Alternate formulas:
Slope of a Line
Equation of a Straight Line
• General Form: • Point Slope Form:

• Intercepts Form: • Two Point Form:

• Slope Intercept Form: • Where:


• a = x – intercept
• b = y – intercept
• m = slope
Parallel Lines and Perpendicular Lines

Parallel Lines Perpendicular Lines


• Parallel Lines have the same • Perpendicular Lines have
slopes negative reciprocal slopes
Distance:

Between Two Parallel Lines From a Line to a Point

• Use positive or negative such • Use positive or negative


that the distance is always depending on the sign of B.
positive • For d is positive, the point is
above or right of the line.
• For d is negative, the point is
below or left of the line.
Angle Between Two Intersecting Lines
Area of Triangle by Coordinate
• By calculator:
B (x2, y2)
• Mode, 6 (MATRIX),
C (x3, y3)
A (x1, y1)
1(MatA), 1 (3x3), Input
Data:
x1 y1 1
X2 y2 1
x3 y3 1
• AC, ½, SHIFT, 4 (MATRIX),
7 (det), 3 (MatA), =
For Three Dimensional

Distance Between Two Planes Angle Between Two Intersecting Plane

√ 2 2
𝐷= (𝑥2−𝑥1) +(𝑦2−𝑦1) +(𝑧2−𝑧1)
2
Conics (Conic Section)
• A conic section (conic) is defined as the locus of a point which moves
so that there exist a constant ratio of its distance from a fixed point
(focus) to the distance from a fixed line (directrix). The constant ratio
that exists in all conics is called eccentricity, thus all conics have
eccentricities.
Four Ways of Determining Conics (Conic
Sections)
• By Cutting Plane
• By Eccentricity
• By Discriminant
• By Equation
1. By Cutting Plane
A circle is made by cutting a cone parallel to its base.
An ellipse is made by cutting a cone at an angle to its base.
A parabola is made by cutting a cone parallel to the element.
A hyperbola is made by cutting a cone parallel to the axis.
Four Ways of Determining Conics

2. By Eccentricity 3. By Discriminant
Eccentricity Conics D = B2 - 4AC Conics
e=1 Parabola D=0 Parabola
e>1 Hyperbola D>0 Hyperbola
e<1 Ellipse D<0 Ellipse (A ≠ C)
e -> 0 Circle D<0 Circle (A = C)

General Equation of Conics:


Circle, e0
• Circle is the locus of a point that moves such that its distance from a
fixed point called the center is constant. The constant distance is
called the radius, r of the circle.
• Standard Equation of a Circle:
Circle
• Calcu Tech for Center: Mode 5 (EQN), 3 (aX2+bX+c=0), Input Data, “=“
• For x: a b/2 h = ___
• For y: a b/2 k = ___
• Therefore center, C (h, k).
• Calcu Tech for Radius

• CALC @ (h, k)
• CALC, x?, h, “=“, y?, k, “=“
Ellipse, e<1
• Ellipse is the locus of a
point that moves such
that the sum of its
distances from two fixed
points called the foci is
constant. The constant
sum is the length of the
major axis, 2a.
• d1+d2=d3+d4=2a
• LR = 2b2/a
Ellipse
• Standard Equation of Horizontal • Standard Equation of Vertical
Ellipse Ellipse

a>b
Hyperbola, e > 1
• Hyperbola is the locus of a point that moves such that the difference
of its distances from two fixed points called the foci is constant. The
constant difference is the length of the transverse axis, 2a.
• d2-d1=d4-d3=2a
• c2 = a2 + b2
• LR = 2b2/a
• Directrix, d = a/e
Hyperbola
• Standard Equation of Horizontal • Standard Equation of Vertical
Hyperbola Hyperbola

• LR = 2b2/a
• Directrix, d = a/e a (+)
• Equation of Assymptotes
• y - k = m (x - h)
Parabola, e = 1
• Parabola is the locus of a point
that moves such that it is always
equidistant from a fixed point
and a fixed line. The fixed point
is called focus and the fixed line
is called directrix.
• d1 = d2, d3 = d4
• LR = 4a
Parabola
• Standard Equations of Parabola

• +a for opening upward


• -a for opening downward

• +a for opening to the right


• -a for opening to the left
Polar Coordinate

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