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Chapter 2 Nursing As Profession Science

The document discusses the history and development of nursing as a profession and science. It traces how women's traditional caregiving roles, influences of religion through the establishment of hospitals, and wars which increased demand for nurses helped establish nursing. It also outlines the roles of influential nursing leaders and the development of nursing education and organizations in both global and Philippine contexts. Key aspects of nursing as a profession include its basis in caring, standards, ethics, and varied career paths. As a science, nursing requires integrating knowledge and following processes like the nursing process.

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24 views28 pages

Chapter 2 Nursing As Profession Science

The document discusses the history and development of nursing as a profession and science. It traces how women's traditional caregiving roles, influences of religion through the establishment of hospitals, and wars which increased demand for nurses helped establish nursing. It also outlines the roles of influential nursing leaders and the development of nursing education and organizations in both global and Philippine contexts. Key aspects of nursing as a profession include its basis in caring, standards, ethics, and varied career paths. As a science, nursing requires integrating knowledge and following processes like the nursing process.

Uploaded by

abegailsalilin1
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 2

NURSING as a
Profession and Science
HISTORY OF NURSING
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF
NURSING:

1. WOMEN’S ROLES
traditional roles ( wife, daughter, sister)
provider of care and nurturing for other
family members
also called on to care for others in the
community
2. RELIGION
benevolence and christian value “ love
your neighbor as you love yourself”
Parable of the Good Samaritan
church supporters initiated the
construction of hospitals
religious values like self-denial, spiritual
calling and devotion to duty and hard
work
3. WARS
demanded the need for nurses to care for
the sick and injured soldiers
Crimean war ( 1854 - 1856 ) , Florence
Nightingale led the nurses and improved the
sanitation practices in the military hospitals
American civil war ( 1861-1865 ) , Harriet
Tubman ( The Moses of Her People )and
Sojourner Truth provided care,safety to
slaves; nursed the sick and suffering of their
own race
4. SOCIETAL ATTITUDES
mid 1800s, women’s place should at the home; no
respectable career
common images of nurses: poorly educated;
imprisoned criminals
Image as “Guardian Angel or Angel of Mercy” was
brought about by Florence Nightingale”s works
nurses’ image improved : noble, compassionate,
moral, religious, dedicated and self-sacrificing
 early 19th century image as “ Doctor’s Handmaiden”
5. Nursing Leaders
Florence Nightingale ( 1820-1910)
Clara Barton ( 1812-1912)
Lilian Wald ( 1867 -1940)
Lavinia Dock ( 1858-1956)
Margaret Higgins Sanger ( 1879-
1966)
Mary Breckinridge ( 1881 - 1965 )
CLARA BARTON
LILIAN WALD
LAVINIA DOCK
MARGARETT HIGGINS SANGER
MARY BRICKENDRIDGE
PHILIPPINE SETTING
Earliest belief -MYSTICISM AND SUPERSTITION - of
health and illness
Albularyo ( herb men )and mangkukulam
 During Spanish Regime:
Simple nutrition, wound care and taking care of ill
members of the family
male nurses to assist the friars
Earliest hospitals:
Hospital Real de Manila; San Lazaro Hospital; Hospital de
Indios; Hospital de Agaus Santas; San Juan de Dios
Hospital
• During American CIvil War:
 Filipina women assumed the role of nurses to care for
the wounded soldiers
 creation of Phil Red Cross
Significant women:
Josephine Bracken - wife of Jose Rizal
Rosa Sevilla de Alvero - converted her house into
quarters to care for the wounded and sick soldiers
Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo - wife of Emilio Aguinaldo
who organized PRC
Melchora Aquino ( Tandang Sora ) - tended the injured
Capitan Salome, Aguida Kahabagan, Trinidad Tecson
1901 to 1911 , started the formal training of
nursing students by the american missionary
doctors and nurses
Nursing schools established:
Iloilo Mission Hospital(1906)
St Paul’s Hospital School of Nursing ( 1907 )
Phil General Hospital School of Nursing ( 1907 )
St. Luke Hospital School of Nursing ( 1907 )
Mary Johnson Hospital and School of Nursing ( 1907 )
Phil. Christian Mission Institute and School of Nursing
San Juan de Dios Hospital Schoolof Nursing ( 1913 )
Emmanuel Hospital School of Nursing ( 1913 )
ILOILO MISSION HOSPITAL
First Nursing Colleges in the Phils

1. University of Sto. Tomas College of Nursing ( 1946 )


2. Manila Central University College of Nursing ( 1947 )
3. University of the Philippines College of Nursing ( 1948 )
STATISTICS:
As of 2023:
•there are 951,105 RNs in
the Phils
•only 509K are active
•316K have migrated to
other countries
Nursing as a Profession and Science
As a Profession
as CARING profession
a nurse is responsible to SELF, PATIENTS and PEERS
society recognize and give value / importance to
the role of nurses on health care
as a profession, it offers varied career opportunities
( clinical practice, education,
research,managerment, administration and
entreprenuership)
As a Science
requires a blend of most current knowledge, practice
standards and compassionate approach to patient care
a nurse goes through levels of expertise, accrdg to Patricia
Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory
follows the standards of practice and code of ethics
uses the Nursing Process (ADPIE) as the foundation in
clinical decision making and actions in providing patient
care
guided by the ANA Standards of Professional
Performance
Professional Responsibilities and Ethics
Autonomy and Accountability
initiation or doing independent nursing interventions without medical
order
example: turning patient in bed every 2 hours; teaching breastfeeding,
providing privacy, handwashing, draping the patient
 it comes with responsibility and accountability ( being responsible
professionally and legally)
nurse needs to be updated and competent in nursing and scientific
knowledge and technical skill
ANA Standards of Professional Performance
1. Ethics - RN practices ethically
2. Education - RN attains knowledge and competency
3. Evidence-Based Practice and Research - RN integrates evidence and
research findings into practice
4. Quality of Practice - RN contributes to quality nursing practice
5. Communication - RN communicates effectively in all areas of practice
6. Leadership - RN demonstrates leadership in the professional practice setting
7. Collaboration - RN collaborates with health care consumers, family and
others in the conduct of nursing practice
8. Professional Practice Evaluation - RN evaluates his own nursing practive against
standards, guidelines and relevant rules and regulations
9. Resources - RN makes responsible use of resources
10. Environmental Health - RN practices in an environmentally safe and healthy
manner
Professional Organizations of Nursing
Philippine Nurses Association (PNA) - the only accredited organized
organization recognized by PRC
Association of Deans of Philippine Colleges of Nursing (ADPCN)
Association of Diabetes Nurse Educators of the Philippines (ADNEP)
Association of Nursing Service Administrators in the Philippines
(ANSAP)
National League of Philippine Government Nurses ( NLPGN)
Military Nurses Association of the Philippines (MNAP)
many others
Roles of the Nurse
1. Caregiver 8. Manager
2. Communicator 9. Researcher
3. Educator 10. Case Manager
4. Advocate 11. Collaborator
5. Counselor
6. Change Agent
7. Leader

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