UNIT 4

INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET, WEB BROWSERS, ELECTRONIC

MAIL, OUTLOOK, GUI, GOOGLE SEARCH TRICKS AND TECHNIQUES,
WORKING WITH GOOGLE SERVICES: DOCS, SPREADSHEET,
PRESENTER, SITES, ETC.
COMPUTER NETWORK AND INTERNET
• Computer network is an interconnection between two or more
hosts/computers. Different types of networks include LAN, WAN, MAN, etc.
• Internet is called the network of networks. It is a global communication
system that links together thousands of individual networks.
• Internet represents the worldwide network of computers connecting them
from anywhere in the world, while a network can be a group of computers
placed in an associated surroundings.
• The basic difference between network and net is that a network consists of
computers physically connected to each other and can be used as a private
computer while sharing data. As an alternative, the Internet can connect these
small and large networks to build a larger network.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NETWORK AND INTERNET
Internet
Network

Network is defined as the group of two or Whereas Internet is the interrelationship of a

more computer systems. few networks.

The coverage of network is limited in

While it covers large geographical area.
comparison of internet.

It provides the link between many computers While it provide connection among many
and network-enabled devices. networks.

The types of network are: LAN, MAN, WAN Whereas the types of internet is world wide
etc. web.

Through network, hundreds or a few

While through internet, millions of computer
thousands of computer system can linked
system can linked simultaneously.
simultaneously.
USES OF THE INTERNET:
• E-mail: E-mail is an electronic message sent across a network from one computer user to
one or more recipients. It refers to the internet services in which messages are sent from and
received by servers.
• Web Chat: Web chat is an application that allows you to send and receive messages in real-
time with others. By using Internet chat software, the user can log on to specific websites
and talk with a variety of other users online.
Chat software is interactive software that allows users to enter comments in one
window and receive responses from others who are using the same software in another
window.
• World Wide Web: The World Wide Web is the Internet’s most popular information
exchange service. It provides users with access to a large number of documents that are
linked together using hypertext or hyperlinks.
CONTD…

• E-commerce: E-commerce refers to electronic business transactions made

over the Internet. It encompasses a wide range of product and service-related
online business activities.
• Internet telephony: The technique that converts analog speech impulses into
digital signals and routes them through packet-switched networks of the
internet is known as internet telephony.
• Video conferencing: The term “video conferencing” refers to the use of
voice and images to communicate amongst users.
S.No. INTERNET WWW

1 Internet is a global network of networks. WWW stands for World wide Web.

2 Internet is a means of connecting a computer to any World Wide Web which is a collection of information which
other computer anywhere in the world. is accessed via the Internet.

3 Internet is infrastructure. WWW is service on top of that infrastructure.

4 Internet can be viewed as a big book-store. Web can be viewed as collection of books on that store.

5 At some advanced level, to understand we can think At some advanced level, to understand we can think of the
of the Internet as hardware. WWW as software.

6 Internet is primarily hardware-based. WWW is more software-oriented as compared to the

Internet.

7 It is originated sometimes in late 1960s. English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide
Web in 1989.

8 Internet is superset of WWW. WWW is a subset of the Internet.

10 Internet uses IP address. WWW uses HTTP.

 WEB BROWSER
• A software application used to access information on
the World Wide Web is called a Web Browser.
• A web browser helps us find information anywhere
on the internet.
• It is installed on the client computer and requests
information from the web server such a type of
working model is called a client-server model.
• When the browser received data from the server, it is
rendered in HTML to user-readable form and,
information is displayed on the device screen.
 HISTORY OF WEB BROWSER
• “World Wide Web” was the first web browser created by Tim Berners Lee in 1990.
• In 1995, “Internet Explorer” was launched by Microsoft. It soon overtook as the most popular
web browser. In 2002,
• “Mozilla Firefox” was introduced which was equally as competent as Internet Explorer
• Apple too launched a web browser in the year 2003 and named it “Safari”. This browser is
commonly used in Apple devices only and not popular with other devices
• Finally, in the year 2008, Google released “Chrome” and within a time span of 3 years it took over
all the other existing browsers and is one of the most commonly used web browsers across the
world.
• Summarily, Tim Berners Lee created the first web browser in 1990, followed by Microsoft's
Internet Explorer in 1995, Mozilla Firefox in 2002, Apple's Safari in 2003, and Google's Chrome in
2008. These browsers quickly became the most popular and widely used web browsers worldwide.
FUNCTIONS OF WEB BROWSER
• The main function is to retrieve information from the World Wide Web and making it
available for users
• Visiting any website can be done using a web browser. When a URL is entered in a browser,
the web server takes us to that website
• To run Java applets and flash content, plugins are available on the web browser
• It makes Internet surfing easy as once we reach a website we can easily check the hyperlinks
and get more and more useful data online
• Browsers user internal cache which gets stored and the user can open the same webpage
time and again without losing extra data
• Multiple webpages can be opened at the same time on a web browser
• Options like back, forward, reload, stop reload, home, etc. are available on these web
browsers, which make using them easy and convenient
TYPES OF WEB BROWSERS
1. World Wide Web
• The first web browser ever launched in 1990. It was later named “Nexus” to
avoid any confusion with the World Wide Web. Had the very basic features and
less interactive in terms of graphical interface. Did not have the feature of
bookmark.
2. Mosaic
• It was launched in 1993. The second web browser which was launched had a
better graphical interface. Images, text and graphics could all be integrated. It
was developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. The
team which was responsible for creating Mosaic was lead by Marc Andreessen.
It was named “the world’s first popular browser”
CONTD…
3. Netscape Navigator
• It was released in 1994. In the 1990s, it was the dominant browser in terms of
usage share. More versions of this browser were launched by Netscape. It had an
advanced licensing scheme and allowed free usage for non-commercial purposes
4. Internet Explorer
• It was launched in 1995 by Microsoft. By 2003, it has attained almost 95% of
usage share and had become the most popular browsers of all. Close to 10
versions of Internet Explorer were released by Microsoft and were updated
gradually. It was included in the Microsoft Windows operating system.
• In 2015, it was replaced with “Microsoft Edge”, as it became the default browser
on Windows 10.
 CONTD…
5. Firefox
• It was introduced in 2002 and was developed by Mozilla Foundation. Firefox overtook the usage share
from Internet Explorer and became the dominant browser during 2003-04. This browser was also made
available for mobile phones, tablets, etc. Firefox also has a large community of developers creating
add-ons and extensions for added functionality.
6.. Google Chrome
• It was launched in 2008 by Google. It is a cross-platform web browser. Multiple features from old
browsers were amalgamated to form better and newer features. To save computers from malware,
Google developed the ad-blocking feature to keep the user data safe and secure. Incognito mode is
provided where private searching is available where no cookies or history is saved. Till date, it has the
best user interface

Apart from these, Opera Mini web browser was introduced in 2005 which was specially designed for
mobile users. Before the mobile version, the computer version “Opera” was also released in 1995. It
supported a decent user interface and was developed by Opera Software.