Learning to be a Better Student:

Be the best you can be.

"Every accomplishment starts with the decision to try."

- Gail Devers

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
MENTAL NOTE:
• Always take care of yourself, nurture it.
• Learn something new everyday
• Always be a blessing to others
• Always choose to be a good person,
spread kindness
 Introduction

Our emotions affect our

“cognitive processes
including perception,
attention, learning, memory,
reasoning, and problem
solving” (Tyng et al., 2017,
para. 1).
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Brain

“You might be surprised to learn that, in every

way it’s been tested, the brain is still far
superior to the most powerful computers in
existence” (Alban, 2018, para. 53).

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Figure 1. Your Amazing Brain (Cormie, 2016)
 415.211
KPH

Figure 1. Your Amazing Brain (Cormie, 2016)

Figure 1. Your Amazing Brain
(Cormie, 2016)
1.3 kg

Figure 1. Your Amazing Brain

(Cormie, 2016)
Figure 1. Your Amazing Brain
(Cormie, 2016)
 Brain

Our brain is the most

complex organ in our body
and it contains 100 billion
nerve cells or neurons
which is almost as many as
the stars in the galaxy (“Your
Complex Brain,” 2017).

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Figure 2. Rewiring the Brain (Alta Mira, 2015)
 Brain

It is said that each neuron “communicates

with many other neurons to form circuits
and share information” (para. 1).

https://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/webversions/BrainAddiction/guide/lesson2-1.html

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
What Happens During Learning? Brain and Behavior Changes

When we learn or practice something, the

neurons in our brain connect with
other neurons until they grow dendrites and
create a pathway or pathways.

https://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/webversions/BrainAddiction/guide/lesson2-1.html

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 What Happens During Learning? Brain and Behavior
Changes

The more we learn

https://navaed.com/blog/2015/9/17/use-the-tools-and-practice-practice-practice
about something,
the more defined
and stronger the
pathways
become (Hestwood
& Russel, 2007).

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 process of learning in our brain

To better explain the process of learning in

our brain, we can use the analogy of
smoothing rough pavements - as we
frequently pass through untraversed
roads, we create more refined and
resilient connections.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Figure 2. Rewiring the Brain (Alta Mira, 2015)
 process of learning in our brain

This explains why

https://functionalhealthminute.com/2017/08/brain-plasticity-use-it-or-lose-it-to-stay-sharp/
doing a task the first
time could be
nervewracking and
seems like a breeze
after several
attempts.

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 process of learning in our brain

Learning something must not make us

complacent since our brain has a use it or
lose it behavior.

https://www.frakture.com/get-your-brain-back/

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Figure 2. Rewiring the Brain (Alta Mira, 2015)
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 keep on learning

It is best that we keep on

learning, adding up to
what we already know,
discover new things, and
keep on practicing or
putting into use what we
know.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 effective combo in learning

As a student, listening in class

discussions help in learning but
reading, writing, speaking, and acting
on it would be a much effective combo
in learning and remembering a subject
matter.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 effective combo in learning

Writing means reading and muscle

memory of hands at work.
Just imagine our neurons -
dendrites at work.

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 keep on learning

“Reading allows us to directly download

information” (para. 22) and reading
something out loud helps us better to learn
or understand something (Sirnich, 2018).

https://ffcinc.org/brain-power/

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 coping with unexpected life events

“People with stronger and healthier cognitive

reserve - one that's been strengthened with
learned experience - have been shown to be
more capable of coping with unexpected life
events” (Sirinch, 2018, para. 30).

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Even an “aha!” moment — when something
suddenly becomes clear — doesn’t come out of
nowhere. Instead, it is the result of a steady
accumulation of information. That’s because
adding new information opens up memories
associated with the task. Over time, your level
of understanding increases until you suddenly
“get” it (Stevens, 2014, para. 35).
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 brain connection patterns

Our brain connection

patterns are as unique
as our fingerprints
(Alban, 2018; Sirinch
2018).
http://raymondfrancisauthor.com/brain-
power-anyone/

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 “When delivered well, education promises
young people employment, better earnings,
good health, and a life without poverty. For
communities, education spurs innovation,
strengthens institutions, and fosters social
cohesion. But these benefits depend on
learning, and schooling without learning is a
wasted opportunity.” -Jim Yong Kim
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Education

“Education is a powerful driver of

development and one of the strongest
instruments for reducing poverty and
improving health, gender equality,
peace, and stability” (“Education,”
2017, para. 1).
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Education

It is unfortunate to know that though millions of

children around the world have undergone
primary and secondary school, many are still
unable to read and write (“Education,” 2017).
This has been called the learning crisis in
global education – schooling without learning.

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
One in every ten or about 4 million Filipino children
and youth was out-of-school in 2013. Out-of-school
children is defined in the FLEMMS as persons
aged 6 to 14 years who are not attending school
while out-of-school youth as persons aged 15 to 24
years who are not attending school, have not
finished any college or post secondary course, and
are not working (“Out-of-School,” 2015, para. 1).

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 “Most poverty assessments find
a high correlation between
education status and income
status” (“The Road not
Travelled,” p. 36).
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
A fundamental change is needed in the way we
think about education’s role in global
development, because it has a catalytic impact
on the well-being of individuals and the future of
our planet. … Now, more than ever, education
has a responsibility to be in gear with 21st
century challenges and aspirations, and foster
the right types of values and skills that will lead
to sustainable and inclusive growth, and
peaceful living together (“Education Needs,”
2016, para. 3).
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Metacognition

Metacognition simply defined is thinking

about your thinking or the “process of
considering and regulating one’s own
learning” (“Reading with Metacognition,”
2018, para. 3).

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
http://www.queensu.ca/teachingandlearning/modules/students/24_metacognition.html
 Metacognition

Metacognition allows people to take charge of

their own learning. It involves awareness of
how they learn, an evaluation of their learning
needs, generating strategies to meet these
needs and then implementing the strategies
(Hacker, 2009 as cited in Malamed, 2016, para. 6) .

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Metacognition

Reflecting on what we know, what

we do not know, what we want to
know, and how to know what we
want to know are essential in
metacognition.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Metacognition

(2) complementary processes of

metacognition:

1) the knowledge of cognition and

2) the regulation of cognition

(Malamed, 2016).

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
11 metacognitive strategies
(Malamed, 2016; “Ten Metacognitive,” 2018):

1. Ask questions – for verification, clarification,

other’s opinions
2. Foster self-reflection – personal reflection,
experiences, assumptions, etc.
3. Engage in self-questioning – queries related
to personal goals and aspirations
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
11 metacognitive strategies
(Malamed, 2016; “Ten Metacognitive,” 2018):

4. Perform autonomous learning – make time to

study or learn independently
5. Seek help from possible mentors – approach
peers or educators for consultation or
assistance on topics or concerns that seem
to daunting
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
11 metacognitive strategies
(Malamed, 2016; “Ten Metacognitive,” 2018):

6. Solve problems with a team –

interacting and cooperating with team
members will not only help in learning from
others but also enhance socialization skills

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
11 metacognitive strategies
(Malamed, 2016; “Ten Metacognitive,” 2018):

7. Think aloud – hearing ourselves speak

our thoughts help make more sense at
times, having a trusted friend hear initial
thoughts may also help in processing
ideas better

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
11 metacognitive strategies
(Malamed, 2016; “Ten Metacognitive,” 2018):

8. Self-explanation – explaining to oneself

a concept read, heard, or seen may
increase understanding and ability to
paraphrase

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
11 metacognitive strategies
(Malamed, 2016; “Ten Metacognitive,” 2018):

9. Forgive self when making mistakes

– allow self to make mistakes to figure
out several possibilities surrounding a
concept, idea, task

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
11 metacognitive strategies
(Malamed, 2016; “Ten Metacognitive,” 2018):

10. Note taking – taking down notes, the

way one understands the discussion,
video, talk can help process the idea and
even add to muscle memory and retention

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
11 metacognitive strategies
(Malamed, 2016; “Ten Metacognitive,” 2018):

11. Reflective writing – keeping a

journal or writing one’s realizations
can help in evaluating our strengths
and weaknesses in learning

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Managing Your Own Learning:
Self-regulated Learning

Feeling helpless in a generation where

information is readily available and
accessible might be underestimating
ourselves too much and our God-given
capabilities.

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Managing Your Own Learning:
Self-regulated Learning

We can do so much for

ourselves, if only we decide to
help ourselves and act on it
regularly.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Managing Your Own Learning:
Self-regulated Learning

Self-regulated learning
(SRL) is one way for us to
help ourselves learn better.

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Managing Your Own Learning:
Self-regulated Learning

SRL “includes the cognitive,

metacognitive, behavioral,
motivational, and
emotional/affective aspects of
learning” (Panadero, 2017, para.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Managing Your Own Learning:
Self-regulated Learning

Zimmerman (2002), it is “not a mental

ability or an academic performance skill;
rather it is the self-directive process by
which learners transform their mental
abilities into academic skills” (as cited in
Weimer, 2010, para. 1).
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Managing Your Own Learning:
Self-regulated Learning

We have to perceive and believe that

we can successfully learn despite the
weaknesses we may possess
(Zimmerman & Schunk, 2013).

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Managing Your Own Learning:
Self-regulated Learning

Like any other worthwhile and

valuable things in life, SRL and
its benefits do not happen
overnight.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Managing Your Own Learning:
Self-regulated Learning

The decision to use SRL, exert

effort, have patience, integrity,
perseverance, and a positive
motivation are fundamental in
being victorious.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Managing Your Own Learning:
Self-regulated Learning

Self-regulated learning is a cyclical

process that we have to do repeatedly to
correct a mistake, improve our
performance, discover something different
or something more about our self and the
things we are trying to learn.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
“Education reform is urgently needed and
requires persistence as well as the political
alignment of government, media,
entrepreneurs, teachers, parents, and
students. They all have to value and
demand better learning.”–Jaime Saavedra

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Managing Your Own Learning:
Self-regulated Learning

In our own ways and effort, we

can make a difference, if only
we increase our self-worth
even in the midst of difficulties.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Managing Your Own Learning:
Self-regulated Learning

Let us learn to lead by

example, through actions,
and outcomes and not just
through words.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Managing Your Own Learning:
Self-regulated Learning

Our success will also generate positive

impact to the community we are part of –
just like our fellow Filipinos winning
individual competitions or gaining
individual recognitions but able to bring
glory and honor to our nation.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 3 Common Self-Regulation Strategies
PERSONAL (interprets information)

1. Organizing and transforming information

outlining, summarizing
• rearrangement of materials
• highlighting
• flashcards/index cards
• draw pictures, diagrams,
charts/webs/mapping
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 3 Common Self-Regulation Strategies
PERSONAL (interprets information)

2. Goal setting and planning

/standard setting
• sequencing, timing, completing
• time management and pacing

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 3 Common Self-Regulation Strategies
PERSONAL (interprets information)

3. Keeping records and monitoring

• note-taking
• lists of errors made
• record of marks
• portfolio, keeping all drafts of
assignments
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 3 Common Self-Regulation Strategies
PERSONAL (interprets information)

4. Rehearsing/memorizing (written or verbal;

overt or covert)
• mnemonic devices teaching someone
else the material
• making sample questions
• using mental imagery
• using repetition
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 3 Common Self-Regulation Strategies
BEHAVIORAL (actions to take)

1. Self-evaluating
• task analysis (What does the
teacher want me to do? What do I
want out of it?)
• self-instructions; enactive feedback
• attentiveness
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 3 Common Self-Regulation Strategies
BEHAVIORAL (actions to take)
2. Self-consequating
• treats to motivate; self-
reinforcement
• arrangement or imagination of
punishments; delay of
gratification
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 3 Common Self-Regulation Strategies
ENVIRONMENTAL (study environment)

1. Seeking information (library, Internet)

• library resources
• Internet resources
• reviewing cards
• rereading records, tests, textbooks

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 3 Common Self-Regulation Strategies
ENVIRONMENTAL (study environment)

2. Environmental structuring
• selecting or arranging the physical setting
• isolating/ eliminating or minimizing
distractions
• break up study periods and spread them
over time

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 3 Common Self-Regulation Strategies
ENVIRONMENTAL (study environment)

3. Seeking social assistance

• from peers
• from teachers or other adults
• emulate exemplary models

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Unit Summary

We, as students, life-long learners, have to take

responsibility to learn. Whether we like the
people teaching us or not, whether we like the
topic being taught or not, if we know we need it
and it could have good use in the future, we
ought to take measures on how to learn.
Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
 Reminders

• Read book / readings.

• Regularly check source.

https://reallyliving.ca/event/church-business-meeting/
• Other concerns? 

• Do your best.

Palean, E., Nazario, M., Valero, J., & Descartin, I. (2018). Introspection: Understanding the Self. Mandaluyong City, Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.