1

 COURSE CODE: AC 1
 COURSE DESCRIPTION: ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1

LEARNING MODULE 9
UNIT 9
ARTIFICIAL IILUMINATION and DAYLIGHTING
 2

OVERVIEW of the MODULE

In Module 7 we will discuss about:

 Lighting
 Natural lighting
 Artificial lighting.
 Illuminance
 Simple lighting design
 3

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After completing Module 7 you must be able to:

o Define lighting
o Distinguish between natural and artificial lighting
o Explain illuminance and luminance
o Know the level of illuminance of types of rooms
o Prepare a simple lighting design
 4

CONCEPTS, KEY TERMS and DEFINITION

 Light – an electromagnetic radiation or wave of any wavelength

 Natural lighting- light coming from the sun
 Artificial lighting- light coming from light-emitting elements
 Luminance - intensity or “brightness” of light
 Luminous flux- light energy per unit time
 Illuminance- total luminous flux per unit area
 Lumen- unit of luminous flux
 Lux- unit of illuminance
 5
MODULE MAP

Natural Lighting Artificial Lighting

 6

INTRODUCTION:

Lighting is indispensable in the home or any building system.

It provides not only illumination to a room but also comfort
and convenience to the occupants.

Level of illuminance may provide a relaxing atmosphere especially in the bedroom, sala, or
may provide ideal visibility in the classroom workplace, operating room.

Color rendition may give the impression of a larger room or might influence a person’s mood.
 7

LESSON 1 – LIGHTING

Lighting or illumination is the

deliberate use of light to achieve
practical or aesthetic effects.

Lighting may be natural or

artificial.

Natural Lighting Artificial Lighting

 8
Artificial Lighting – refers to lighting that emanates from electric lamps.
The term lamp refers specifically to a light source, typically a light-
emitting element contained within an outer container (bulbs or tubes)
which emits radiation within the visible spectrum

Natural Lighting – lighting produced by the sun .

SAQ 9.1

1. What is daylighting? Cite 3 advantages of daylighting.

2. What is artificial illumination? Cite 3 advantages of artificial
illumination.
3. Give 3 reasons why electric lighting has contributed immensely
to make life on earth more convenient.
 9

How do we get natural lighting?

o Adding more windows

o Choosing right colour palette
o Bringing in new furniture
o Installing larger windows and doors
o Washing the window
o Achieving lighter window treatment
o Adding skylights
 10

LESSON 2 – COLOR RENDITION

Favorite color for low-light areas:

• Lavender
• Sunny yellow
• Powder blue
• Bright orange
• Soft grey
• Pink

Note: Hardwares mix colors as you desire.

 11

How about the bedroom? You may choose

from the following:

• Lavender
• Soft green
• Pale blue
• Soft grey
• Deep blue
• Light yellow
• Light yellow-green

SAQ 9. 2

1. Give 3 personal reasons why you would paint different rooms

with different colors.
 12

Dark Hallways: You may improve lighting by:

• Installing mirror
• Adding glass upfront
• Making a brighter balustrade
• Going transparent
• Stealing light from the sides
• Borrowing light from other rooms
 13

What color makes a room bigger?

For optimum effect select soft tones (white, blue, green).

Always remember that the brighter a room is the bigger and
more inviting it looks. Paint wall rim and moldings with a lighter
color than the walls. By doing so the walls will appear
farther back and bigger.
 14
LESSON 3: SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS IN LIGHTING DESIGN
We will define terms used in lighting design.

Let us familiarize ourselves with the following terms. These terms are used
in the study of light. You may see the internet for additional information
on this topic.

 Luminance – intensity or “brightness” of light.

 Luminous flux - light energy per unit time or power in joules/sec or watt
 Illuminance – total luminous flux on a surface per unit area in watt/
 Lumen – unit of luminous flux, ex: luminous flux = 5 lumens or 5 joules/sec
 Lux - unit of illuminance, ex: illuminance = 8 lux or 8 watts /
 15

Distinguish Between Terms Used in Study of Light

 16

Recommended Levels of Illuminance

When preparing the lighting design of certain types of rooms we

refer to a Table of IIluminance. A more complete list may be found
in the Philippine Electrical Code(PEC).

PLACE ILLUMINANCE (watts/)

Living room 53.792

Library 537.92 to 1075.8

Jewelry and watch manufacturing 3235.2

Classrooms 537.92 to 1075.8

 17

Example of Lighting Calculation:

Input Data:

• Office Area: 20 m x 10 m
• Ceiling to desk height = 2 m
• To be illuminated to a general level of 250 lumen
per unit area using twin 32 w CFL luminaries with SHR ratio
of 1.25 (spacing/height ratio)
• Each lamp has an output efficiency of 85 Layout of Ceiling Lighting Fixtures
lumen per watt (drawn not to scale)
Arranging the Lighting Fixtures in the Ceiling:
18
Draw the ceiling which measures 20 x 10 meters. Draw the lighting fixtures,
shown in slide 17, inside the ceiling area and using simple geometry arrange
the fixtures evenly or symmetrically on the area. Knowing that there are 4 rows and that the
spacing between fixtures along the 10-m side is 2.5 m you may
determine the distance between fixtures as well as the clearance in the sides so that the layout
will look neat.

Activity 9.3: Draw a labeled layout of the fixtures indicating distances and
side clearances.
20 m

10 m
Solution:
SOLUTION: 19
 Total Wattage = No. of lamps /fixture x wattage per lamp
= 2 lamps/fixture x 32 watts/lamp= 64 watts/fixture

 Lumen per fixture = lumen efficiency x total wattage

= 85 lumen /watt x 64 watts/fixture =
= 5440 lumen/ fixture

 No. of fixtures = (required lumen/ unit A)(A)/MF x UF x lumen per fixture

=(250 x 20 x 10)/0.63 x 0.69 x 5440 where, (MF = 0.63, UF = 0.69)
= 21 fixtures say 20 fixtures with two fluorescent lamps per fixture

• SHR = Spacing/height = Spacing /2 m = 1.25. Spacing = 2 x 1.25 = 2.5 m

• Number of rows along 10-m side = 10/2.5 = 4 rows

Note: MF or Maintenance Factor is used to compensate for the loss in light yield because
light yield decreases with time. UF or Utilization factor is used to compensate for the
light lost by absorption. It will be noticed that both factors are used as divisors thus
increasing the lumen.
 20
POST TEST

1. Given the following t Input Data:

a) room area: 10.6 m x 8 m
b) ceiling to desk height = 2 m
c) room to be lighted to a level of 250 lux using two(2) 32 - w
CFL (Compact Florescent Lamps) per fixture
d) spacing/height ratio = 1.25
e) each lamp has an output efficiency of 85 lumen per watt

A. Find: a. total watts

b. lumen/fixture
c. Number of fixtures
d. Spacing between fixtures along 8-m side

B. Draw a labeled diagram of the ceiling layout of the fixtures

indicating the spacing between fixtures and the side clearances.
 21
SYTHESIS:

Review the following from the lessons given:

 Light
 Luminance
 Illuminance
 Luminous flux
 Lux
 Intensity
 Brightness
 Recommended tones of color
 Artificial and natural lighting
 22

REFERENCES:

The Internet

Prepared by:

Engr. Joe p. tapel

Do not use without permission.