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Queues 2

This document discusses different ways to implement a queue data structure in C++. It begins by describing the basic queue operations of enqueue and dequeue. A queue can be implemented using either an array or linked list. The array implementation stores elements in a fixed-size array and uses indexes to track the front and rear. The linked list implementation uses head and tail pointers to add and remove elements from either end.

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Dr. VASAVI BANDE
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29 views

Queues 2

This document discusses different ways to implement a queue data structure in C++. It begins by describing the basic queue operations of enqueue and dequeue. A queue can be implemented using either an array or linked list. The array implementation stores elements in a fixed-size array and uses indexes to track the front and rear. The linked list implementation uses head and tail pointers to add and remove elements from either end.

Uploaded by

Dr. VASAVI BANDE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Using a Queue

 Chapter 8 introduces the


queue data type.
 Several example
applications of queues are
given in that chapter.
 This presentation describes
the queue operations and
two ways to implement a
Data Structures
queue.
and Other Objects
Using C++
The Queue Operations

 A queue is like a line


of people waiting for a
bank teller. The queue
has a front and a rear.
$ $

Front
Rear
The Queue Operations

 New people must enter the queue at the


rear. The C++ queue class calls this a
push, although it is usually called an
enqueue operation.
$ $

Front
Rear
The Queue Operations

 When an item is taken from the queue,


it always comes from the front. The
C++ queue calls this a pop, although it
is usually called a dequeue operation.
$ $

Front
Rear
The Queue Class

 The C++ standard template <class Item>


template library has class queue<Item>
a queue template {
class. public:
 queue( );
The template void push(const Item& entry);
parameter is the void pop( );
type of the items bool empty( ) const;
that can be put in Item front( ) const;
the queue. …
Array Implementation

 A queue can be implemented with an array, as


shown here. For example, this queue contains the
integers 4 (at the front), 8 and 6 (at the rear).

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] ...

4 8 6

An array of integers
to implement a We don't care what's in
queue of integers this part of the array.
Array Implementation

 The easiest implementation also keeps 3 size


track of the number of items in the
queue and the index of the first 0 first
element (at the front of the queue), the
last element (at the rear).
2 last

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] ...

4 8 6
A Dequeue Operation

 When an element leaves the queue, 2 size


size is decremented, and first changes,
too. 1 first

2 last

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] ...

4 8 6
An Enqueue Operation

 When an element enters the queue, 3 size


size is incremented, and last changes,
too. 1 first

3 last

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] ...

8 6 2
At the End of the Array

 There is special behavior at the end of 3 size


the array. For example, suppose we
want to add a new element to this 3 first
queue, where the last index is [5]:
5 last

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]


2 6 1
At the End of the Array

 The new element goes at the front of 4 size


the array (if that spot isn’t already
used): 3 first

0 last

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]


4 2 6 1
Array Implementation

 Easy to implement 3 size


 But it has a limited capacity with a fixed array
 Or you must use a dynamic array for an 0 first
unbounded capacity
 Special behavior is needed when the rear reaches
the end of the array. 2 last

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] ...

4 8 6
Linked List Implementation

 A queue can also be


implemented with a linked list
with both a head and a tail 13
pointer.
15

10

7
null
head_ptr
tail_ptr
Linked List Implementation

 Which end do you think is the


front of the queue? Why?
13

15

10

7
null
head_ptr
tail_ptr
Linked List Implementation

 The head_ptr points to the front


of the list.
 Because it is harder to remove Front
13
items from the tail of the list.
15

10

7
null
head_ptr
tail_ptr
Rear
Summary

 Like stacks, queues have many applications.


 Items enter a queue at the rear and leave a
queue at the front.
 Queues can be implemented using an array
or using a linked list.
Presentation copyright 2006, Addison Wesley Longman,
For use with Data Structures and Other Objects Using C++
by Michael Main and Walter Savitch.

Some artwork in the presentation is used with permission from Presentation Task Force
(copyright New Vision Technologies Inc) and Corel Gallery Clipart Catalog (copyright
Corel Corporation, 3G Graphics Inc, Archive Arts, Cartesia Software, Image Club
Graphics Inc, One Mile Up Inc, TechPool Studios, Totem Graphics Inc).

Students and instructors who use Data Structures and Other Objects Using C++ are welcome
to use this presentation however they see fit, so long as this copyright notice remains
intact.

THE END

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