SOCIAL ORGANIZATION:
How Society Is Organized
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
(Week 6)
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Define what a social group is.
2. Differentiate primary from secondary group.
3. Compare in-groups and out—groups.
4. Identify the two types of reference groups: and
5. Appreciate the importance of social networks
SOCIAL GROUP
A social group is two or more people who identify with and engage with
each other (Macionis 2012).
Classifications of Social Group
Primary Group
Secondary Group
In-Group
Out-Group
Reference Group
Network
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CLASSIFICATIONS OF SOCIAL GROUP
PRIMARY GROUPS
Primary groups involve interaction among members who have an emotional
investment or attachment in one another and a situation, who know one
another intimately and interact as total individuals rather than through
specialized roles. They are smaller in number and occur over a long time.
Examples :
Friends, husband and wife, parent and child, and teacher and pupil. On the other hand,
sample groups under primary groups include playgroup, family, village/neighborhood,
and work team.
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CLASSIFICATIONS OF SOCIAL GROUP
SECONDARY GROUPS
It involves a weak emotional ties and little personal knowledge. They tend to be
larger than the primary group, and its members do not necessarily interact with all
other members.
Examples :
Include nation, clerical hierarchy, professional association, and corporation, university
classes, athletic team, group of workers.
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CLASSIFICATIONS OF SOCIAL GROUP
IN- GROUP
Is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member.
OUT- GROUP
Is a social group with which an individual does not identify.
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CLASSIFICATIONS OF SOCIAL GROUP
REFERENCE GROUP
A reference group is a group or social category that an individual uses to help
define beliefs, attitudes, and values and to guide behavior.
Types of Reference Groups
A normative reference group influences your norms, attitudes, and values through direct
interaction. Example: Parents, Teachers, Siblings and Friends
A comparative reference group is a group of individuals whom you compare yourself
against and may strive to be like. Example: Celebrities and Heroes
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CLASSIFICATIONS OF SOCIAL GROUP
NETWORK
A network is a collection of people tie together by specific pattern of connection.
The actors within a network can be associated as individuals, families,
organizations, states, or a mixture of individuals and groups.
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REVIEW
1. Among different kinds of social groups in our society, this
can be small or large, mostly impersonal and usually
short-term.
A. Out-group
B. Social Group
C. Primary Group
D. Secondary Group
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REVIEW
2. In your everyday life in school or in your neighborhood,
your kabarkada is an example of:
A. In-group
B. Primary Group
C. Secondary Group
D. Out-Group
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REVIEW
3. Typically a small social group whose members share close,
personal and enduring relationships.
A. Out-Group
B. Secondary Group
C. Primary Group
D. Networking group
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REVIEW
4. Based on the kind of social relation, which of the following
is an example of an ingroup?
A. enemies
B. a biker and a singer
C. members of a dance troupe
D. knowing out-group’s differences
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REVIEW
5. In various manifestation of characteristics of social group,
below are examples of out-groups EXCEPT:
A. Gays and lesbians
B. Urban and City groups
C. Network and Social Group
D. Classmates sharing the same likes and dislikes
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REVIEW
6. Which of the following influences your norms, attitudes,
and values through direct interaction?
A. Comparative reference group
B. Negative reference group
C. Normative reference group
D. Positive reference group
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REVIEW
7. Performer, clerk, customer, and employee are examples of:
A. In-group
B. Out-group
C. Primary
D. Secondary
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REVIEW
8. Which of the following involves interaction among
members who have an emotional investment or attachment in
one another and in a situation?
A. Secondary
B. Out-group
C. In-group
D. Primary
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REVIEW
9. A _____________ is two or more people who identify with
and engage with each other.
Social group
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REVIEW
10. Which of the following groups is categorized as
individuals whom you compare yourself against and may
strive to be like?
A. Comparative reference group
B. Negative reference group
C. Normative reference group
D. Positive reference group
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Thank you!
Prepared by: Rizafe T. Baccay
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“
Quotations are commonly printed as a means of
inspiration and to invoke philosophical thoughts
from the reader.
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