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Gas Exchange

Plants and animals exchange gases through different mechanisms. In plants, gas exchange occurs through leaves via stomata and diffusion, while animals require respiratory organs like lungs and gills for gas exchange via respiration. The circulatory system transports oxygen and carbon dioxide between the respiratory organs and tissues in animals. Respiratory illnesses disrupt normal gas exchange and include conditions like asthma, emphysema, and pneumonia.

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132 views18 pages

Gas Exchange

Plants and animals exchange gases through different mechanisms. In plants, gas exchange occurs through leaves via stomata and diffusion, while animals require respiratory organs like lungs and gills for gas exchange via respiration. The circulatory system transports oxygen and carbon dioxide between the respiratory organs and tissues in animals. Respiratory illnesses disrupt normal gas exchange and include conditions like asthma, emphysema, and pneumonia.

Uploaded by

miatamayoqt
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Gas Exchange

IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS


Do plants breathe?
Difference between Plants & Animals in
terms of Gas Exchange
PLANTS ANIMALS
 Plants do not breathe, they  Animals usually breathe in the
only respire air for carrying out cellular
respiration.
 Plants lack a respiratory  In animals, there is a
system which is usually found respiratory organ (like lungs,
in animals. In plants, the leaf gills, etc.) present within the
obtains oxygen directly from body, where exchange of gases
the air through the stomata. occurs.
Stems and roots also take in
oxygen.
Difference between Plants & Animals in
terms of Gas Exchange
PLANTS ANIMALS
 The carbon dioxide produced in  The carbon dioxide produced
animals during respiration is during plant respiration may be
released to the atmosphere. used by the plant for carrying
out photosynthesis.

 There is no respiratory pigment  In animals, respiratory


in case of plants. pigments play an important
role in transporting oxygen to
the cells.
Difference between Plants & Animals in
terms of Gas Exchange
PLANTS ANIMALS
 Gas exchange in plants occurs  Animals have to take in oxygen
through the process of and expel carbon dioxide to
respiration where free energy is sustain cellular respiration and
released and transiently stored stay alive.
in a compound, ATP, which can
be readily utilized for the Note: Terrestrial animals and
maintenance and development aquatic animals face different
of the plant. challenges in performing gas
exchange.
Factors Influencing Gas Exchange
(In Animals)
1) The respiratory surface or organ is the part of an
animal’s body where gases are exchanged with the
environment. To allow the gas exchange, it must be
moist, large enough, and protected from desiccation.
2) Respiratory system relies on the diffusion of gases
down pressure gradient.
3) Surface-to-volume ratio.
4) Ventilation
5) Perfusion
6) Respiratory Pigments or Proteins
Respiratory Organs of Invertebrates

1. Integumentary Exchange
- Refers to the general body surface or skin
used by animals with high surface-to-
volume ratio
- Examples of organisms with this kind of
respiratory organ: Flatworm, Earthworm
*Amphibians also use their moist skin in
addition to lungs as gas exchange surface.
Respiratory Organs of Invertebrates
2. External Gills
- Used by invertebrates that live in aquatic
habitats; gills are highly folded, thin-walled,
vascularized epidermis that project outward
from the body
- Examples of organisms with this kind of
respiratory organ are annelids, aquatic
insects, mollusks, crayfish, lobster, sea star,
and nudibranch
Respiratory Organs of Invertebrates
3. Tracheal system (in Arthropods)
- Utilizes fine air-conducting tubules to
provide gaseous exchange at the
cellular level
- It is not dependent on a circulatory
system
- Examples of organisms with this kind
of respiratory organ are spiders and
insects
Respiratory Organs of Vertebrates
1. External Gills
- These are thin, vascular projections
from the body surface of a few
amphibians
- Example of a vertebrate with this
kind of respiratory organ is the larval
salamander
Respiratory Organs of Vertebrates
2. Internal Gills
- Rows of slits or pockets in adult fishes
positioned at the back of the mouth
such that water that enters the mouth
can flow over them as it exits just
behind the head
Respiratory Organs of Vertebrates
3. Lungs
- Are internal respiratory surfaces shaped
as a cavity or sac
- Provides a membrane for gaseous
exchange
- Require a circulatory system to transport
gases to the rest of the body
- These respiratory organs are found in
birds, reptiles, and mammals.
How does air move in and out of the lungs?

1. Air moves by bulk flow into and out of the lung.


2. Gases diffuse across the inner respiratory surfaces of the lungs.
3. Pulmonary circulation allows the diffusion of dissolved gases across lung
capillaries.
4. In body tissues, oxygen diffuses from blood  internal fluid  cells. The
pathway of carbon dioxide is in reverse.
5. All lungs receive deoxygenated blood from the heart and return
oxygenated blood to the heart.

Air enters and leaves the respiratory system through nasal cavities where air is
filtered by hair or cilia, warmed by blood vessels and moistened with mucus.
How is the
Respiratory System
related with the
Circulatory System?

(Explanation is at the
Lesson Handout)
How is the Respiratory System related
with the Nervous System?
 The nervous system controls oxygen and
carbon dioxide levels for the entire body
by regulating the rate and depth of
breathing.
 The brain monitors the cerebrospinal fluid
through sensors (reflecting carbon dioxide
concentration in the blood).
 Secondary control is exerted by sensors in
the aorta and carotid arteries that monitor
blood levels of oxygen as well as carbon
dioxide (via blood).
Respiratory Illnesses
1. Asthma
- Asthma is a chronic (long-term)
condition that affects the airways in
the lungs. The airways are tubes that
carry air in and out of your lungs.
- If you have asthma, the airways can
become inflamed and narrowed at
times. This makes it harder for air to
flow out of your airways when you
breathe out.
Respiratory Illnesses
2. Emphysema
- Emphysema is one of the diseases
that comprises COPD (chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease).
- Emphysema develops over time and
involves the gradual damage of lung
tissue, specifically the destruction of
the alveoli (tiny air sacs).
- It is associated with smoking or
chronic bronchitis or old age.
Respiratory Illnesses

3. Pneumonia
- Pneumonia is an infection in your
lungs caused by bacteria, viruses
or fungi.
- Pneumonia causes your lung
tissue to swell (inflammation) and
can cause fluid or pus in your
lungs.

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