TCP/IP Protocol Suite
IP- Internetworking Protocol
TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Network Layer or Internet Protocol:
Protocol Data Unit of IP => Datagram
Connectionless Protocol
Datagram 3
Datagram 1
Datagram 2
Host-to-Host Protocol
TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Network Layer Protocols
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a mechanism
used by hosts and gateways to send notification of datagram
routing problems back to the sender.
Internet Group Message Protocol (IGMP) is used to
facilitate the simultaneous transmission of a message to a
group of recipients. (Multitasking)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) : Helps IP,
to get IP address of Host
Address Resolution Protocol : (ARP) is used find the
physical address of the node when its Internet address is
known.
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) allows a host
to discover its Internet address when its physical address is
known.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Transport Layer
PDU of Transport Layer: Segment / User
Datagram
The Transport Layer Protocols , responsible for
delivery of message from process to process
1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
2. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Transport Layer Protocol
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Connection Oriented
DATA SEGMETS
Provides Flow Control, Error Control, Congestion
Control
Each Segment includes a sequence number
TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Transport Layer Protocol
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Connectionless Protocol
USER DATAGRAM 3
USER DATAGRAM 1
USER DATAGRAM 3
DOES NOT Provides Flow Control, Error Control,
Congestion Control
TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Transport Layer Protocol
Stream Control Transmission Protocol
(SCTP) :
provides support for newer applications such
as voice over the Internet
combines the best features of UDP and TCP
TCP/IP Protocol Suite: Application Layer
The application layer in TCP/IP is equivalent to
the combined session, presentation, and
application layers in the OSI model
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) : accessing the World Wide Web (WWW).
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) :in electronic mail (e-mail) service.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) : transferring files from one host to another
Terminal Network (TELNET) : accessing a site remotely.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) :to manage the Internet at global
and local levels.
Domain Name System (DNS) : by other protocols to find the network-layer address
of a computer.
TCP/IP and OSI model
Addresses in TCP/IP
Any communication that involves two parties needs two
addresses: Source Address & Destination Address.
Four levels of addresses are used in an Internet
employing the TCP/IP protocols:
Physical (Link) Addresses/ MAC Adddress
Logical (IP) Addresses
Port Addresses
Specific Addresses
Relationship between the layer, the address used in
that layer, and the packet name at that layer in TCP/IP:
Physical Address
The physical address, also known as the link
address, is the address of a node as defined by its
LAN or WAN.
It is included in the frame used by the data link
layer.
For example, Ethernet uses a 6-byte (48-bit)
physical address that is imprinted on the network
interface card (NIC).
07:01:02:01:2C:4B
A 6-byte (12 hexadecimal digits) physical address.
Destination Source Data Trailer
Address Address
Logical Addresses
At the network-layer, the addresses are
global, with the whole Internet as the scope.
A universal address which identifies each
host in the Internet network uniquely,
regardless of the underlying physical
network.
Network ID Host ID
Logical Addresses
Source Destination Data
Address Address
Port Addresses
Computers run multiple processes at the
same time.
For these processes to receive data
simultaneously, we need a method to label the
different processes.
In the TCP/IP architecture, the label assigned
to a process is called a port address.
A port address in TCP/IP is 16 bits in length.
Specific Addresses
Some applications have user-friendly
addresses that are designed for that
specific address.
the e-mail address
the Universal Resource Locator (URL)
for example, www.google.com).
