Good

day!
READING AND WRITING
SKILLS

ANNA MARIE ABEGAEL B. LOMA

TEACHER III
 TELL ME WHAT YOU
SEE

Take a look at the

following images and tell
the class what you see.
 PATTERNS
OF DEVELOPMENT
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the end of the Objective 1

session, the students are Identify the different

expected to: patterns of development.
Objective 2

Realize the importance of using

these patterns by giving scenarios
in real-life.
Objective 3

Write a composition using

any of the patterns
Patterns of Development
A pattern of development in writing
refers to the particular strategy writers
use to develop ideas. It is the logical
arrangement of ideas in a text. The
pattern helps you follow ideas easily and
understand a text better. Moreover,
knowing that these common patterns of
human thought exist, will help you to
both develop and organize information
in your essays or compositions.
Patterns of Development
The pattern of paragraph development
presents ideas in logical and consistent
structure to manage information in an essay.
Thus, the logical organization of paragraphs
greatly enhances the ease with which one can
understand and remember the information
presented. People seek out patterns to help
make sense of information. When a reader is
not able to find a pattern that make sense,
chaos and confusion abound.
TRANSITIONAL DEVICES
Transitional devices are words or
phrases that help carry a thought
from one sentence to another,
from one idea to another, or from
one paragraph to another. And
finally, transitional devices link
sentences and paragraphs together
smoothly so that there are no
abrupt jumps or breaks between
ideas.
 NARRATION

It is the most basic pattern

of development. It
describes how, when and
where an event or
occurrence actually
happened. Likewise, it is
used to tell a story or focus
on a set of related events.
 NARRATION
It was July 21, 1969, and Neil Armstrong
awoke with a start. It was the day he
would become the first human being to
ever walk on the moon. The journey had
begun several days earlier, when July
16th, the Apollo 11 launch from Earth
headed into outer space. On board with
Neil Armstrong were Michael Collins and
Buzz Aldrin. The crew landed on the
moon in the Sea of Tranquility a day
before the actual walk. Upon Neil’s first
step onto the moon’s surface, he declared.
“That’s one small step for man, one giant
Aside from before, identify the transitional devices used in the paragraph
leap for mankind.” It sure was!
which indicate narration.
 DESCRIPTION

The pattern of development

which goes into details
about a specific object,
person, or location, in order
to firmly set its appearance.
 DESCRIPTION
Sunset is the time of day when our
sky meets the outer space solar winds.
There are blue, pink, and purple
swirls, spinning and twisting, like
clouds of balloons caught in a blender.
The sun moves slowly to hide behind
the line of horizon, while the moon
races to take its place in prominence
atop the night sky. People slow to
crawl, entranced, fully forgetting the
deeds that still must be done. There is
coolness,
Aside from behind, what are athecalmness, whendevices
other transitional the sun
used in the
does set.
paragraph which indicate description?
 DEFINITION

It explains not just what

something means or is, but
also what something does,
what something is used for.
 DEFINITION
Déjà vu
Déjà vu is a French word meaning “already seen”. It has also been
described as a feeling or experience that one has seen something
before. For example, you are waiting in line to check out the
grocery store and the lady behind you asks you to hand her a pack
of gum. Suddenly you get an overwhelming feeling that you have
been there in the exact same spot, talking to the same lady, even
the same brand gum. Even though everything seems so familiar
you know there is no way that could have happened before. There
are many theories as to why and how this phenomenon happens.
One theory is that déjà vu is connected with temporal-lobe
epilepsy, but people without a history of epilepsy have also
experienced déjà vu. Psychiatrists believe it is something in your
brain that confuses an event that happened in the past with the
present. Another theory is parapsychologist think it is connected
with past life experiences. Whether déjà vu is an experience of the
paranormal or simply some confusion in the brain, it a perplexing
Means is a signal word
feeling that shows
of having definition as a pattern of development. Give
“already”.
another transitional device that indicates definition.
A N O A S V E R O F
1. It is the type of words used in
D O C H O W E V E R
Description pattern of
J N H S L G A R A H development.
E W I R J F B T J N 2. It shows repetition of either
C F J H N R A L K A figures or numbers.
T T N R E T T A P R 3. It is one of the things you do
I P Q S V B B N G R in Definition.
V L L B I A E P J A 4. It is an example of a
E A N E T S I E H T
transitional device that
indicate description.
A B E B P R U K G I
5. It is the most basic pattern of
B D E F I N E F O O
development.
A C D E R E O C F N 6. It is the part of speech mainly
C Q F U C R A F H W used in describing people,
D F K J S E N N A V things, places or even events.
I V S J E K L A J M 7. It is an example of a
M Y B G D J O M R S transitional device that shows
PRESENTATI
ON OF
 CLASSIFICATION

A classification pattern
organizes ideas into
categories or divisions
based on criteria and
standards. This pattern can
be used when classifying
people, objects, events,
 CLASSIFICATION
There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all
the standard sets and best sellers – unread, untouched
(this deluded individual owns wood pulp and ink, not
books). The second has many great books – a few of
them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of
them read as clean and shiny as the day they were
bought (this person would probably like to make books
his own but is restrained by a false respect of their
physical appearance). The third has a few books or
many – every one of them dog eared and dilapidated,
shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and
scribbled in from front to back (this man owns his
books). In which classification would you belong?
Mortimer J. Adler, “Book Owners”
Aside from kinds, enumerate the transitional devices used in the
paragraph which signal classification.
 EXEMPLIFICATION

This pattern presents the

general statement and then
provides specific and
concrete examples to
expound on the main idea.
Simply put, this pattern is
used to provide an example of
something.
 EXEMPLIFICATION
While Internet offers so many benefits to
man, it also has its downsides. One of these
is phishing, which refers to act of obtaining
personal information, such a s passwords and
credit card details, through online means. In
other words, phishing is a form of
cybercrime. As an example, let us consider
the case of Mr. X. He received an email
stating that his Gmail account has been
compromised and that he needed to click a
link to update personal information. If. Mr.
X clicks
Specifically signals on the link,
exemplification. histhepersonal
Identify transitionalinformation
device used in the
willindicates
paragraph which be illegal.
exemplification pattern.
 COMPARISON AND
CONTRAST

This pattern organizes

ideas based on how
events, places, people,
things and concepts are
similar to or different
from one another.
 COMPARISON AND
CONTRAST
Oceans and lakes have much in common, but
they are quite different. Both are bodies of water,
but oceans are very large bodies of salt water,
while lakes are much smaller bodies of fresh
water. Lakes are usually surrounded by land,
while oceans are what surround continents. Both
have plants and animals living in them. The
ocean is home to the largest animals on the
planet, whereas lakes support much smaller
forms of life. When it is time for vacation, both
will make a great place to visit and enjoy.
Aside from whereas, what are other transitional devices used in the paragraph
which indicate comparison and contrast.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT

This pattern explains why

something happens or what
results a particular event
produces. It organizes details
based on the causes, the reason,
and the result or consequences of
certain phenomenon.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
I do well in school, and people think I am smart because of it.
But it’s not true. In fact, three years ago I struggled in school.
However, two years ago I decided to get serious about school
and made a few changes. First, I decided I would become
interested in whatever was being taught, regardless of what
other people thought. I also decided I would work hard every
day and never give up on any assignment. I decided to never,
never fall behind. Finally, I decided to make school a priority
over friend and fun. After implementing these changes, I
became an active participant in classroom discussions. Then,
my test scores began to rise. I still remember the first time
that someone made fun of me because “ I was smart:. How
exciting! It seems to me that being smart is simply a matter of
working hard and being interested. Unfortunately, learning a
new video game doesn’t help you get into college or get a
Consequently good
is an example
job. of transitional device that shows cause and effect.
Enumerate the transitional devices used in the paragraph which indicate the
PRESENTATI
ON OF
PROBLEM-SOLUTION

This pattern organizes ideas into

problems and proposed solutions.
The problem section usually
includes the what, who, when, why
and how of the problem. The other
part then presents the major effects
of the problem and the possible
solutions to address it, as well as the
steps in implementing the solution.
 PROBLEM-SOLUTION
Last week we installed a kitty door so that out cat come and
go as she pleases. Unfortunately, we ran into a problem. Our
cat was afraid to use the kitty door. We tried pushing her
through, and that caused her to be even more afraid. The kitty
door was dark, and she couldn’t see what was on the other
side. The first step we took in solving this problem was taping
the kitty door open. After a couple of days, she was
confidently coming and going through the open door.
However, when we removed the tape and closed the door,
once again, she would not go through. They say you catch
more bees with honey, so we decided to use food as bait. We
would sit next to the kitty door with a can of wet food and
click the top of the can. When kitty came through the closed
door, we would open the can and feed her. It took five days of
What are otherdoing this to make
transitional her unafraid
devices used inofthe
using the kittythat
paragraph door.indicate
Now
we aside
problem solution have just
fromone
so?last problem, our kitty controls our lives!
 PERSUASION

A persuasion pattern organizes

ideas to show how a set of
evidence lead to a logical
conclusion or argument.
Specifically, this pattern presents
the issue, the position, and the
supporting evidence that
supports the position.
 PERSUASION
Many people think the key to improving
the schools is to set stricter standards
and to give assessment tests. These
critics may have a point. Maybe teachers
and students do need to be held to higher
standards but standards and tests won’t
make any difference until the
overcrowding problem in our schools is
solved. Overcrowded hallways,
cafeterias and classrooms make it very
hard to teach and learn. In fact, it sets
 SUMMARY
TRANSITIONAL
PATTERN PURPOSE
DEVICES
About
Later
The purpose of narration is to tell a story or
Narration meanwhile
relate an event
prior to
tomorrow

The purpose of description is to recreate, Above

invent, or visually present a person, place, across
Description
event or action so that the readers can alongside
picture that which is being described. between

is defined as
It moves beyond a dictionary definition to as defined
Definition deeply examine a word or concept as we means
actually use and understand it. refers to
to define
 SUMMARY
TRANSITIONAL
PATTERN PURPOSE
DEVICES
Another
another kind
It is used to classify people, objects, events,
Classification classified
things, places and other items.
final type
the first category

This pattern is use to extend the idea For instance

further: it carries one or more examples into as an example
Exemplification great detail in order to show the details of a for example
complex problem in a way that’s easy for in particular
readers to understand. namely

Also
The goal of comparison and contrast is
as
generally to show that one item is superior
Comparison and Contrast equally
to another, based on a set of evaluations
in a similar fashion
included as part of the writing.
both
 SUMMARY
TRANSITIONAL
PATTERN PURPOSE
DEVICES
as
since,
This pattern is used to show the different
Cause and Effect due to
causes and effects of various conditions.
for the reason
consequently

nonetheless
This pattern is designed to compel the
one reason
reader to make some kind of change in
Problem Solution one solution is
opinion or behavior by establishing that a
one way is
problem exists, then providing a solution
the problem

truly
This is used to present the issue, the in fact
Persuasion position, and the supporting evidence that inevitably
supports the position. in essence
certainly
 Why do we need to
know these patterns?
TRY THIS!
Read the following topic sentences taken from different paragraphs and identify
the pattern used.
__________1. Although Instagram and Twitter have significant similarities, they
also have striking differences.
__________2. Freedom is a concept that needs to be understood.
__________3. Juvenile delinquency is a social issue that requires urgent
attention.
__________4. In the field of law, there are several subspecialties which you can
focus on.
__________5. Major events happened that led to the defeat of Japan during
World War II.
__________6. Teeth bleaching can be done in five simple steps.
__________7. All provincial buses should not be allowed to pass through EDSA.
THANK
YOU!
May you always find your
reason to write. 