An introduction to MongoDB

In Production

http://www.mongodb.org/about/production-deployments/
NoSQL

• Key-value

• Graph database

• Document-oriented

• Column family
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Document store
RDBMS MongoDB
Database Database
Table, View Collection
Row Document (JSON, BSON)
Column Field
Index Index
Join Embedded Document
Foreign Key Reference
Partition Shard

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Document store
RDBMS MongoDB
Database Database > db.user.findOne({age:39})
Table, View Collection {
"_id" : ObjectId("5114e0bd42…"),
Row Document (JSON, BSON)
"first" : "John",
Column Field "last" : "Doe",
Index Index "age" : 39,
Join Embedded Document"interests" : [
Foreign Key Reference "Reading",
"Mountain Biking ]
Partition Shard
"favorites": {
"color": "Blue",
"sport": "Soccer"}
} 5
MongoDB
• MongoDB is an open-source document database that provides
high performance, high availability, and automatic scaling.
A record in MongoDB is a document, which is a data structure
composed of field and value pairs As:
• {
name:”ABC”,
age:18,
gender:”Male”
}
Significantly, MongoDB supports neither joins nor
transactions.Instead of tables, a MongoDB database stores its data
in collections, A collection holds one or more documents, which
corresponds to a record or a row in a relational database table,
and each document has one or more fields, which corresponds to
a column in a relational database table. 6
MongoDB uses dynamic schemas. You can create collections
without defining the structure, i.e. the fields or the types of their
values, of the documents in the collection.
db.createCollection(“users”)

Following are some DDL+DML Statements in MongoDB:

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• 2) To Insert values into Table:
• MongoDB
=> db.users.insert({user_id:”abc33″,name:”sayali”,age:22})
• Equivalent SQL: Insert into values(“abc33”,”sayali”,22)
• 3) To Update Table Value:
• MongoDB => db.users.update( { },
{ $set: { join_date: new Date() } },
{ multi: true })
• 4) To Drop column from Table:
• MongoDB => db.users.update( { },
{ $unset: { join_date: new Date() } },
{ multi: true } ) 8
• 6) Sort operation:
• To sort field by Asending and Desending order
ASC:value=1
Desc:value=-1
• MongoDB => db.users.find({}).sort( { age: 1 } )
• Equivalent SQL: select * from users Order by age ASC;
• 7) To use count() function:
MongoDB => db.users.count()
• 8) To find out Distinct column Value:
• MongoDB => db.users.distinct( “age” )
• 9) To Delete Row:
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• MongoDB => db.users.remove( { status: “D” } )
CRUD
• Create
• db.collection.insert( <document> )
• db.collection.save( <document> )
• db.collection.update( <query>, <update>, { upsert: true } )
• Read
• db.collection.find( <query>, <projection> )
• db.collection.findOne( <query>, <projection> )
• Update
• db.collection.update( <query>, <update>, <options> )
• Delete
• db.collection.remove( <query>, <justOne> )
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CRUD example
> db.user.find ()
> db.user.insert({ {
first: "John", "_id" : ObjectId("51…"),
last : "Doe", "first" : "John",
age: 39 "last" : "Doe",
}) "age" : 39
}

> db.user.update(
{"_id" : ObjectId("51…")},
{ > db.user.remove({
$set: {
"first": /^J/
age: 40,
salary: 7000} }) 11
}
)
Features
• Document-Oriented storege
• Full Index Support
• Replication & High Agile
Availability
• Auto-Sharding
• Querying
• Fast In-Place Updates Scalable
• Map/Reduce
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Replica Sets Host1:10000

• Redundancy and Failover Host2:10001

• Zero downtime for Host3:10002

• Master-slave replication Client

• Geospatial features
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Sharding
• Partition your data
• Scale write
throughput
• Increase capacity
• Auto-balancing
shard1 shard2
Host1:10000 Host2:10010

configdb
Host3:20000
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Host4:30000 Client
Mixed
shard1

...
Host1:10000
shardn
Host2:10001 Host4:10010

Host3:10002
replica1

configdb
Host5:20000

Host6:30000 Client

Host7:30000 15
Other features
• Easy to install and use
• Detailed documentation
• Various APIs
• JavaScript, Python, Ruby, Perl, Java, Java, Scala, C#, C++, Haskell,
Erlang
• Community
• Open source

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Theory of noSQL: CAP
• Many nodes
C
• Nodes contain replicas of
partitions of data

• Consistency
• all replicas contain the same
version of data
• Availability A P
• system remains operational on
failing nodes
• Partition tolarence CAP Theorem:
• multiple entry points satisfying all three at the
• system remains operational on same time is impossible 17
system split
Theory of noSQL: CAP
• Many nodes
C
• Nodes contain replicas of
partitions of data

• Consistency
• all replicas contain the same
version of data
• Availability A P
• system remains operational on
failing nodes
• Partition tolarence CAP Theorem:
• multiple entry points satisfying all three at the
• system remains operational on same time is impossible 18
system split
ACID - BASE

•Basically
•Atomicity
Available (CP)
•Consistency •Soft-state
•Isolation •Eventually
•Durability
consistent (AP)

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For more details of MongoDB,
please visit the links below
• https:// • https://
www.mongodb.com/ hevodata.com/
docs/manual/ learn/mongodb-join-
tutorial/query- two-collections/
documents/

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