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Phenomenology

This document provides an overview of phenomenology as a qualitative research approach. It discusses two main types of phenomenology: transcendental phenomenology, which aims to understand the essence of a phenomenon through the perspectives of those who experienced it by suspending assumptions, and hermeneutic phenomenology, which focuses on interpretation to develop meaning. Examples of phenomenological studies are provided along with their research questions. Sampling strategies for both approaches are also outlined.

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YVONIE DEMAISIP
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74 views15 pages

Phenomenology

This document provides an overview of phenomenology as a qualitative research approach. It discusses two main types of phenomenology: transcendental phenomenology, which aims to understand the essence of a phenomenon through the perspectives of those who experienced it by suspending assumptions, and hermeneutic phenomenology, which focuses on interpretation to develop meaning. Examples of phenomenological studies are provided along with their research questions. Sampling strategies for both approaches are also outlined.

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YVONIE DEMAISIP
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© © All Rights Reserved
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• is the study of

“phenomena”:
appearances of things, or
things as they appear in
our experience, or the
ways we experience
things, thus the meanings
things have in our
experience
• the ultimate source of all
meaning and value is the
lived experience of human
beings
• describes the structures of
experience, in particluar
consciousness, the
imagination, relations with
other persons, and the
situatedness of the human
subject in society and history
Phenomenology as a Qualtitative Research Approach

• seeks to understand and describe the essence of the


phenomenon by exploring it from the perspective of those who
have experienced it
• its goal is to describe the meaning of the experience - both in
terms of what was experienced and how it was experienced
• investigates the everyday experiences of human beings while
suspending the researchers' preconceived assumptions about
the phenomenon
TWO TYPES OF PHENOMENOLOGY

TRANSCENDENTAL HERMENEUTIC

Edmund Husserl Martin Heidegger


Transcendental Phenomenology
(Descriptive)
• is grounded in the concept and conditioned upon setting aside
all preconceived ideas (epoche) to see phenomena through
unclouded glasses, thereby allowing the true meaning of
phenomena to naturally emerge with and within their own
identity (Moustakas, 1994)
• investigates the world in pre-reflectively approach and
encouraged the use of phenomenological epoche - the word
means 'bracketing' - and stated that to understand the lived
experience's true essence, all preconceived ideas must be ignore
(McConnell-Henry, Chapman & Francis, 2009)
Central Research Questions
• What have the participants experienced in terms of the
phenomenon? (what of the experience)
• What contexts or situations have typically influenced the
experiences of the participants in terms of the phenomenon?
(how of the experience)
For example:
1. What are the lived experiences of teen mothers?
2. What are the contexts of the lived experiences of teen mothers?
Sampling Strategies

• purposive or
puroseful sampling
• snowball sampling
Hermeneutic Phenomenology
(Interpretive)
• focuses on interpretation and developes meaning from
'being'
• rejects the phenomenological epoche and claimes that
interpretation is needed before understanding
• consideres the researcher as a vital component of a
research as “Being-in-the world” of the participant
(McConnell-Henry, Chapman & Francis, 2009)
Central Research Questions
• What is it like to experience the phenomenon?
• What is the meaning of the meaning of the experience of
the participants?
For example:
1. What is it like to be a teen mother?
2. What meaning do teen mothers ascribe to their
experiences?
Sampling Strategies

• purposive or
puroseful sampling
• snowball sampling
• maximum variation
sampling
The Experience of English Speaking Anxiety and Coping
Strategies: A Transcendental Phenomenological Study (Pabro-
Maquidato, 2021)
Research Questions:
1. What are the participants' experiences of anziety in expressing
themselves orally in English?
2. What strategies do they usually use to cope with their English
language speaking anxiety?
In the Name of Authentic Public Service: A descriptive
Phenomenological Study on the Lives of Filipino Teachers in
Select Coastal Villages (Sanchez et al., 2022)
Research Questions:
1. What are the lived experiences of Filipino teachers in select
coastal villages?
2. How can the experiences of the participants be utilized to
better improve teaching profession?
English Speaking Skills: the Plight of Maguindanaon Students: a
Phenomenology (Manakan et al., 2023)
Research Questions:
1. When do the students learn to speak English Language?
2. How do the students learn to speak English languange?
3. What struggles do the students experience in developing their English
language skills?
4. What factors affect their English speaking skills?
5. How each factor affects their speaking skills?
6. What are the possible interventions which can help the students improve
their English speaking askills?
References
• Manakan, P., Untong, L., Mohamad, H., & Sinsuat, D. R. R. (2023). English Speaking Skills: The
Plight of Maguindanaon Students: A Phenomenology. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary
Journal.
• Mohamed, H. (2017). Transcendental and Hermeneutic Phenomenological Research Approaches.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23076.27522
• Pabro-Maquidato, I. M. (2021). The experience of English speaking anxiety and coping strategies: A
transcendental phenomenological study. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 1(2), 45-64.
• Smith, D. W. (2018). Phenomenology. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
(Summer 2018 ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/phenomenology/
• Sanchez, R., Sarmiento, P. J., Pangilinan, A., Guinto, N., Sanchez, A. M., & Sanchez, J. J. (2022). In
the name of authentic public service: A descriptive phenomenological study on the lives of Filipino
teachers in select coastal villages. International Journal of Open-access, Interdisciplinary and New
Educational Discoveries of ETCOR Educational Research Center (iJOINED ETCOR), 1(1), 35-44.

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