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DIgital Image Processing

This document summarizes several common image filtering techniques: 1) It describes median filtering, which replaces each pixel value with the median of neighboring pixel values to reduce salt-and-pepper noise. 2) Laplacian filtering is discussed as a technique for edge detection based on the second spatial derivative of an image. 3) Gaussian filtering is described as a blurring filter that uses a Gaussian kernel to strongly weight pixel values at the center more than edges, removing detail and noise.

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5 views

DIgital Image Processing

This document summarizes several common image filtering techniques: 1) It describes median filtering, which replaces each pixel value with the median of neighboring pixel values to reduce salt-and-pepper noise. 2) Laplacian filtering is discussed as a technique for edge detection based on the second spatial derivative of an image. 3) Gaussian filtering is described as a blurring filter that uses a Gaussian kernel to strongly weight pixel values at the center more than edges, removing detail and noise.

Uploaded by

DEVID ROY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Image Filtering

Name : Shiv Sankar Das


Class Roll no : 10
University Roll no : 12201620012
Department : EE Sem : 7
Subject Name : Digital Image Processing (OE-EE 702B)
College Name : St. Thomas’ College of Engineering and Technology
Index
Topic Page Number

 Image Filtering 3
 Classification if image filtering 4
 Median Filter 5
 Laplacian Filter 6
 Gaussian Filter 7
 Neighbourhood average Filter 8
 Box Filter 9
Image Filtering:
• Filtering techniques are use to enhance and modify digital images.
Also, images filters are use to blurring and noise reduction ,
sharpening and edge detection. Image filters are mainly use for
suppress high (smoothing techniques) and low frequencies(image
enhancement, edge detection).
Median filter:
• Median filter is a non-linear filter. It replaces each pixel values by the median
values of it’s neighbor pixels. This is the efficient way for remove salt-and-
pepper noise. The calculation of the median value is given below.
 Laplacian Filter
• Laplace smoothing technique is mainly use to detect image edges. It highlights gray
level discontinuities. It is based on second spatial derivation of an image. To define
Laplacian operator, below equation has been used.

• Laplace edge detector use only one kernel. To detect the edges of an image, this
kernel detects 2nd order derivatives of image’s intensity levels by using only single
pass. We can use “kernel 2" for detects edges with diagonals. It will give better
approximation. Also, Laplace method gives faster calculations than others.
 Gaussian Filter:
• This filter is a 2-D convolutional operator. It use to blur images. Also, it
removes details and noises. Gaussian filter is similar to mean filter. But main
difference is, Gaussian filter use a kernel. That kernel has a shape of gaussian
hump. Gaussian kernel weights pixels at its center much more strongly than its
boundaries. There are different gaussian kernels. Based on the kernel size,
output image will be different.
 Neighbourhood Average Filter:

• This filter is also called as mean filter. In average filtering, pixel values will be
replace by average values of neighbour pixels. The calculation of average
value is as follows.
 BOX Filter:
• Box filter is a spatial domain linear image filter. Also, this box filter is a low-
pass filter. It’s operations are similar to average filtering technique.
THANK YOU

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