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Research Hypothesis

This document discusses research hypotheses, including their definition, types, and guidelines for formulation. A hypothesis is a testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables. The main types covered are simple, complex, logical, empirical, statistical, null, and alternative hypotheses. Null hypotheses assume no relationship between variables, while alternative hypotheses propose an alternative relationship. Directional hypotheses predict a relationship's nature, while non-directional hypotheses do not. Guidelines for formulation emphasize that hypotheses should be specific, testable, falsifiable, and based on previous research. Formulating good hypotheses is important for conducting valid scientific research.

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30 views22 pages

Research Hypothesis

This document discusses research hypotheses, including their definition, types, and guidelines for formulation. A hypothesis is a testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables. The main types covered are simple, complex, logical, empirical, statistical, null, and alternative hypotheses. Null hypotheses assume no relationship between variables, while alternative hypotheses propose an alternative relationship. Directional hypotheses predict a relationship's nature, while non-directional hypotheses do not. Guidelines for formulation emphasize that hypotheses should be specific, testable, falsifiable, and based on previous research. Formulating good hypotheses is important for conducting valid scientific research.

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danielamatanguihan
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH II

QUARTER II

RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
types and guidelines
HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis is a tentative statement
about the relationship between two or
more variables. It is a specific and testable
prediction on what you expect to happen
with the variables in your study.
LIST THE DIFFERENT TYPES
AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
TYPES OF RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
SIMPLE HYPOTHESIS
COMPLEX HYPOTHESIS
LOGICAL HYPOTHESIS
EMPIRICAL HYPOTHESIS
S T AT I S T I C A L H Y P O T H E S I S
NULL HYPOTHESIS
A L T E R N AT I V E H Y P O T H E S I S
CLASSIFICATION OF
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS

NON-DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis is a tentative statement
about the relationship between two or
more variables. It is a specific and testable
prediction on what you expect to happen
with the variables in your study.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
SIMPLE HYPOTHESIS
COMPLEX HYPOTHESIS
LOGICAL HYPOTHESIS
EMPIRICAL HYPOTHESIS
S T AT I S T I C A L H Y P O T H E S I S
NULL HYPOTHESIS
A L T E R N AT I V E H Y P O T H E S I S
SIMPLE HYPOTHESIS
A simple hypothesis is a prediction of the relationship between two
variables, the independent variable and the dependent variable. It
shows a connection between one independent variable and a single
dependent variable.

Ex: The higher the poverty rate in society (one independent


variable), the higher the number would be the out of school youth
(one dependent variable).
COMPLEX HYPOTHESIS
The complex hypothesis reflects the relationship between the
independent variable and the dependent variable. It expresses a
connection between two or more independent variables and two or
more dependent variables.

Ex: Eating more vegetables and fresh fruits (independent


variables) leads to boost immune system and enhance blood
circulation and digestion (dependent variables).
LOGICAL HYPOTHESIS
Logical hypothesis expresses explanation with limited evidence that
can be verified logically. It reflects a relationship of the variables
which anchored based on logical phenomena. Sometimes, a logical
hypothesis can be turned into an empirical hypothesis in which you
have to test your theories and postulates.

Ex: Tomato plants bear fruit faster in Earth than in Moon. (Until
we are can test the soil and plant growth in Moon's ground, the
evidence for this claim will be limited, and the hypothesis will
only remain logical).
EMPIRICAL HYPOTHESIS
An empirical hypothesis is also called as the “working hypothesis.”
It is presumed to explain certain facts and relationships of
phenomena. It comes to life when a theory is being put to the test,
using observation and experiment.

Ex: Plants watered everyday grow faster than plants watered


once a week. (Here, trial and error are leading
to a series of findings).
STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS
A statistical hypothesis is an analysis of a portion of a population. It
can be verified statistically. The variables in a statistical hypothesis
can be transformed into quantifiable sub-variable to assess it
statistically.

Ex: If your research is about the psychosocial development of K-3


pupils of the private and public schools in the city, you would
want to examine every single K-3 pupil in the city. It is not
practical. Therefore, you would conduct your research using a
statistical hypothesis or a sample of the K-3 pupil population.
NULL HYPOTHESIS
The null hypothesis is denoted with the symbol Ho It exists when you
consider that there is no relationship between the independent and
dependent variables or that there is an insufficient amount of
information to claim a scientific hypothesis.

Ex: There is no significant change in my health, whether I


exercise every day or not.

No effect No difference No relationship


ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
An alternative hypothesis is denoted with the symbol (Ha). It is an
alternate statement expressed to be tested in order to generate the
desired output when the empirical or working hypothesis is not
accepted. In an attempt to disprove a null hypothesis, you tend to
seek an alternative hypothesis.

Ex: My health improves during the times when I sleep 8 hours a


day than sleeping for 4 hours only.

There is a
There is an effect There is a difference
relationship
NULL vs ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
NULL HYPOTHESIS ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

The null hypothesis is a Alternative hypothesis a


statement. There exists no statement, there exists
relation between two some relationship between
variables two measured phenomenon

The observations of this The observations of this


hypothesis are the result hypothesis are the result
of chance of real effect
CLASSIFICATION OF
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS

NON-DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS
DIRECTIONAL VS NON-D HYPOTHESIS
DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS NON-DIRECTIONAL HYPOTHESIS

The directional hypothesis


relates the relationship A non-directional hypothesis
between the variables and is used when there is no
can also predict its nature. It principle involved. It is a
illustrates the direct premise that a relationship
association of the impact of exists between two
the independent variable variables. However, the
with the dependent variable, direction of the effect is not
whether it is positively or specifically determined.
negatively affected.
GUIDELINES IN
FORMULATING
HYPOTHESIS
GUIDELINES IN FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS
Before writing your specific hypothesis, spend more time researching about the
topic you are interested in. Focus on information and previous studies related to
your topic.

Your independent variable and dependent variable must be included in your


hypothesis.

The relationship of your variables must be reflected in your hypothesis. Will


your independent variable affects your dependent variable?

Your hypothesis should be simple and specific as possible. If your hypothesis is


vague and complicated, it would be difficult to find the answer to your question.
GUIDELINES IN FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS
Your hypothesis should be concise and comprises clear and simple language.
Make it short and simple for it to be easily understood and avoid any
misconceptions or misunderstandings.

Your hypothesis should be testable without violating ethical standards. It means


that it could be investigated and measured through a scientific methods such as
statistical analysis and data interpretation.

Your hypothesis must be falsifiable. It means that your hypothesis can be


proven wrong through experiments or empirical data. There are no absolute
answers to research questions, but there is a possibility of validating the
hypotheses to be true beyond a reasonable doubt.
Task 1: Ho vs Ha
Base on your research study, refer to your research
questions. Formulate three (3) null hypotheses and
three (3) alternative hypotheses. Write your
research title and research questions, followed
by your hypotheses. Use the space
provided for your answer.
bye,bitches!

c u next year kekeke

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