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Logic Gates Gr11e

This document discusses logic gates and their importance in computer systems. It explains that computer logic is based on Boolean algebra and logic gates provide the physical implementation of Boolean expressions. The three basic logic gates are the AND, OR, and NOT gates, with NAND and NOR gates also being commonly used. Truth tables are used to represent the input/output relationships of logic gates.

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24 views25 pages

Logic Gates Gr11e

This document discusses logic gates and their importance in computer systems. It explains that computer logic is based on Boolean algebra and logic gates provide the physical implementation of Boolean expressions. The three basic logic gates are the AND, OR, and NOT gates, with NAND and NOR gates also being commonly used. Truth tables are used to represent the input/output relationships of logic gates.

Uploaded by

marijasajatovic370 sajatovic
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WHY DO WE NEED TO KNOW

ABOUT LOGIC GATES?


 Computer Logic
 - data in a computer is stored in a series
of bits
 - the ALU performs arithmetic operation
on data and the CU ‘decode’ instructions
 - both of these instructions are
performed by logic circuits
Logic Gates
 Computer Logic
 - computer logic is based on Boolean
Algebra ( and, or, etc.) by combining
these operations you create complex
logical expressions

 There are rules governing priority of the


operations. These need to be known just
as you need to be aware of priorities in
the arithmetic operators ( 2+4X5)=?
Boolean Variables
 A Boolean variable has one of two
values
 Often referred to as TRUE or FALSE
 As we are dealing with an electronic
system there is either a voltage present
( e.g. 5 or 3.3V) a value of 1 or no
voltage a value of 0
Gates
 The term ‘Gate’ is used to describe the
members of a set of basic electronic
components which, when combined
with each other, are able to perform
complex logical and arithmetic
operations. ‘Gates” are the physical
realization of the simple Boolean
expressions.
Basic Logic Gates
 All digital systems can be constructed by
only three basic logic gates.
 These basic gates are called:
– And gate
– OR gate
– NOT gate
– others - NAND gate
– - NOR gate
– - EOR gate
Fundamental Gates
 Each set of gates is enclosed in a
computer chip(Integrated Circuit or simple
IC)
 Each IC has a certain number of input and
output pins, an identification number, an
electronic symbol, and a Boolean
Equation.
Electronic Circuits and
Components
 Electric current flows through wires
much like water flows through pipes
 Voltage is like the water pressure in the
pipes, which forces the flow along.
 Diodes, resistors, and transistors that
exit in circuits are used for the purpose
of controlling the voltage levels and
current flow.
Resistors
 Resistors in logic gates circuits are
present mainly to limit the current flow.
 Without them, the current would be too
great and other components might be
damaged.
 Resistors have no definite input or
output. -- when a resistor is connected to
other components in a circuit, it makes
no difference which end is which.
(electricity may flow in either direction
Resistance is measured in ohms
 A 2K resistor has a resistance of 2000
ohms (K stands for 1000ohms)
 a resistor is coded with colour bands
which indicates its value
First digit Tolerance
Second digit Multiplier

Give out handout Resistor colour code


Electronic Logic Gates
 A logic gate is an electronic circuit whose output
is the result of a logic operation performed on
one or more inputs.
 The inputs and outputs are voltages which stand
for logic variables.
 There are only two voltage levels, low and high.
 They represent the logic of states 0 and1
 Logic gates are the building blocks of logic
circuits
NOT Gate

 Logic: NOT A opposite or negative


 Algebraic: A complement
 Electronic: an inverter
 also called inverter, because the inverts
a signal, changing 1 to 0 or 0 to 1
NOT Gate

 Rule: The NOT gate is a circuit which


produces at its output the negated
(inverted) version of its input logic
 If the input variable is A, the output is A
 Note: l. Only one input
2. Written as X in boolean
expression
Truth table

 Illustrates the results of the input


AND Gate
 AND gate - the output will be high only if
both inputs are high. If either of the
inputs is low, then the output will be low.
 Rule: The AND gate is a circuit which
gives a high output(logic 1) if all its
inputs are high.
 The output is 1 only when both
inputs are 1
OR Gates
 Rule: The OR gate is a circuit which
gives a high output if one or more of its
inputs are high. A plus sign(+) is used
to indicate the OR operation.\
 The output value is 1 when at
least one input value is 1
NAND Gate
 Rule: The NAND gate is a NOT- AND
circuit which is equivalent to an AND
circuit followed by a NOT circuit.
 The output of the NAND gate is high if
any of its inputs is low.

NOR Gate
 Rule: The NOR gate is a NOT-OR
circuit which is equivalent to an OR
circuit followed by a NOT circuit.
 The output of the NOR gateis low if any
of its inputs is high
EOR Gate
 Rule: the Exclusive-OR circuit which is
equivalent to an OR circuit followed by a
NOT circuit. The output of the NOR
gate is low if any of its inputs is high.
Truth Tables
Representation of Logic Gates
 The function of these building blocks
are summarized by means of a :
Truth Table
 The truth table shows all possible
input/output combinations for two inputs
 A truth table with n inputs (logic
variables) has 2n rows.
Truth Table for Not Gate
Truth Table for
AND - OR - NAND - NOR - ROR

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