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History of Computer

The document summarizes the five generations of computers: 1) First generation used vacuum tubes, took up entire rooms, were expensive to operate, and could only solve one problem at a time using punched cards and printouts. 2) Second generation used transistors instead of vacuum tubes, allowing for smaller, faster, cheaper computers that could run assembly languages and still used punched cards and printouts. 3) Third generation used integrated circuits, making computers much smaller, cheaper, and faster while allowing interaction through keyboards and monitors running multiple applications at once. 4) Fourth generation used microprocessors on chips, enabling networking and GUIs, mice, and handheld devices. 5) Fifth generation, still

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
26 views9 pages

History of Computer

The document summarizes the five generations of computers: 1) First generation used vacuum tubes, took up entire rooms, were expensive to operate, and could only solve one problem at a time using punched cards and printouts. 2) Second generation used transistors instead of vacuum tubes, allowing for smaller, faster, cheaper computers that could run assembly languages and still used punched cards and printouts. 3) Third generation used integrated circuits, making computers much smaller, cheaper, and faster while allowing interaction through keyboards and monitors running multiple applications at once. 4) Fourth generation used microprocessors on chips, enabling networking and GUIs, mice, and handheld devices. 5) Fifth generation, still

Uploaded by

Abdullah Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HISTOR

Y OF
COMPUTE
R
Definition of
Computer
A computer is an electronic machine that
accepts information (Data), processes it according
to specific instructions, and provides the results as
new information.
History of Computer

Computer Generations

There are five generations of computer:


• First Generation – 1946 – 1958
• Second generation – 1959 – 1964
• Third generation – 1965 – 1970
• Fourth generation – 1971 – today
• Fifth generation – Today to future
History of Computer
The First Generation
• The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous,
taking up entire rooms.
• They were very expensive to operate and in addition to
using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat,
which was often the cause of malfunctions.

• First generation computers relied on machine


language, the lowest-level programming
language understood by computers, to perform
operations, and they could only solve one
problem at a time.
• Input was based on punched cards and paper
tape, and output was displayed on printouts.
Vacuum Tubes
History of Computer
The Second Generation
• Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and
ushered in the second generation of
computers.
• One transistor replaced the equivalent
of 40 vacuum tubes.
• Allowing computers to become smaller,
faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and Transisto
more reliable. r
• Still generated a great deal of heat that can damage the computer.
• Second-generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine
language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed
programmers to specify instructions in words.
• Second-generation computers still relied on punched cards for input and
printouts for output.
• These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their
memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core
technology.
History of Computer
The Third Generation
• The development of the integrated circuit
was the hallmark of the third generation of
computers.
• Transistors were miniaturized and placed on
silicon chips, called semiconductors, which
drastically increased the speed and efficiency of
computers.
• Much smaller and cheaper compare to the
second generation computers.
Integrated Circuit
• It could carry out instructions in billionths of a second.
• Users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and
monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device
to run many different applications at one time with a central program that
monitored the memory.
• Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience
because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors.
History of Computer
The Fourth Generation
• The microprocessor brought the
fourth generation of computers, as
thousands of integrated circuits were
built onto a single silicon chip.
• As these small computers became
more powerful, they could be linked
together to form networks, which
eventually led to the development of
the Internet. Microprocessor
• Fourth generation computers also
saw the development of GUIs, the
mouse and handheld devices.
History of Computer
The Fifth Generation
• Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI).
• Still in development.
• The use of parallel processing and
superconductors is helping to make artificial
intelligence a reality.
• The goal is to develop devices that respond to
natural language input and are capable of learning
and self-organization.
• There are some applications, such as voice
recognition, that are being used today.
History of Computer

THANK
YOU

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