Scribd
Upload
33 views

Week 6 Lecture 2

This document discusses analyzing the processes involved in a gas turbine power plant. It involves calculating: 1) The temperature of compressed air based on an initial pressure and temperature and a compression ratio. 2) The temperature and pressure of combustion gases leaving the combustion chamber based on the combustion efficiency and fuel-air ratio. 3) The work output of the turbine as combustion gases expand to a final temperature and pressure. 4) Performing an energy balance to verify satisfaction of the first law of thermodynamics. 5) Using specific heats of air to calculate temperature changes in compression and expansion and the ideal gas law.

Uploaded by

muhammadtalhabilal6666
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views

Week 6 Lecture 2

This document discusses analyzing the processes involved in a gas turbine power plant. It involves calculating: 1) The temperature of compressed air based on an initial pressure and temperature and a compression ratio. 2) The temperature and pressure of combustion gases leaving the combustion chamber based on the combustion efficiency and fuel-air ratio. 3) The work output of the turbine as combustion gases expand to a final temperature and pressure. 4) Performing an energy balance to verify satisfaction of the first law of thermodynamics. 5) Using specific heats of air to calculate temperature changes in compression and expansion and the ideal gas law.

Uploaded by

muhammadtalhabilal6666
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Practical Example

• Consider a gas turbine power plant designed for electricity


generation. The plant consists of a compressor, a combustion
chamber, and a turbine, operating on a closed cycle with air as the
working fluid.
1. Compression Analysis:
1. Given that the compressor raises the pressure of the incoming air with a
compression ratio of 15:1, calculate the final temperature of the
compressed air if the initial conditions are 300 K and 1 bar. Assess the
efficiency of the compression process.
2. Combustion Efficiency:
1. Analyze the combustion process in the chamber, where natural gas is
burned. If the combustion efficiency is 95%, determine the temperature
and pressure of the gases leaving the combustion chamber. Discuss the
impact of different fuel-air ratios on the combustion efficiency.
Turbine Work Output:
The turbine expands the high-pressure, high-temperature gases, producing mechanical work.
Calculate the work output of the turbine if the initial conditions of the gases entering the
turbine are 1200 K and 5 bar, and they expand to 300 K. Assess the efficiency of the expansion
process.
Energy Balance:
Perform an energy balance for the entire system, considering the energy input from
combustion, the work output from the turbine, and any heat losses. Verify that the First Law of
Thermodynamics is satisfied.
Specific Heats and Ideal Gas Equation:
Determine the specific heat at constant pressure Cp​for air and use it to calculate the
temperature changes in the compression and expansion processes. Apply the ideal gas equation
of state to assess the behavior of the working fluid.
Phase Change Process
As an extension, consider incorporating water as a secondary working fluid in a steam
cycle for combined power generation. Analyze the phase change processes of water,
using property diagrams and tables.
Solution
Solution
SPECIFIC HEATS
• Specific heat at constant volume (Cv) can be viewed
as the energy required to raise the temperature of a
unit mass of a substance by one degree as the
volume is maintained constant
• The energy required to do the same by
maintaining pressure constant is
Specific heat at constant pressure(Cp)
• Cp > Cv
• The conversion of energy principle
Can be expressed in differential forms

Where

Or
• Similarly an expression for the specific heat at
constant pressure can be obtained

• The above equations are property


Relations
• Valid for any substance undergoing
any process
• Cv is related to the changes in
internal energy
• Cp to the changes in enthalpy
• Therefore:-

• Cv is the change in internal energy of a substance per


unit change in temperature at constant volume.

• Cp is the change in enthalpy of a substance per unit


change in temperature at constant pressure.
Internal Energy, Enthalpy and specific heats
of ideal gases
• For ideal gas
Pv =RT
Joules found out that Internal
Energy is function of temperature

Using definition of enthalpy and


Eq of ideal gas
• Since R is constant and u=u(T) it follows that the
enthalpy of an ideal gas is also a function of
temperature

• The differential change can be expressed as

And
• The change in internal energy or enthalpy for
an ideal gas during a process from state 1 to
state 2 is determined by
• The equations are time consuming . Therefore
specific heat functions can be replaced by
constant average specific heat values
Summary
There are three way to determine the enthalpy and internal
energy of an ideal gas
• By using tabulated u and h data(easiest way when tables are
available)
• By using Cv and Cp relations as function of temperature and
performing integrations(Computerized calculations)
• By using average specific heats(convenient when property
tables are not given)
Specific Heat Relations of Ideal Gases
The relationship between cp, cv and R

dh = cpdT and du = cvdT On a molar basis

Specific heat
ratio

• The specific ratio varies with


temperature, but this variation is very
mild.
• For monatomic gases (helium, argon,
etc.), its value is essentially constant at
1.667.
The cp of an ideal gas can be
• Many diatomic gases, including air,
determined from a knowledge of cv
have a specific heat ratio of about 1.4
and R. at room temperature.

You might also like