University Institute Of Computing

Bachelor of Computer Applications

Computer Graphics 20CAT-312

Introduction to Computer Graphics and DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

Its Applications

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 Course Objectives
Unit-I
• Students will have an understanding of critical and aesthetic issues in
computer graphics and mixed-media.
• They will know basic aesthetic principles and concepts, and the production
process.
• The program will produce students that will develop conceptual principles,
processes, and techniques essential to all areas of computer graphics and
digital media production.
• The students will work and interact, through hands-on experiences, to
design, develop, produce, and edit electronically generated imagery using a
wide range of sophisticated graphical tools and techniques.

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 Syllabus
Unit-I
Introduction: Computer Graphics, Computer Graphics Applications.
Video Display Devices: Refresh Cathode Ray Tube, Raster Scan displays, Random
Scan Displays, Architecture of Raster and Random Scan Monitors, Color CRT-
monitors, Color Generating Techniques (Shadow Mask, Beam Penetration),
Direct View Storage Tube, Flat Panel Display, Graphics monitors and
Workstations.
Two dimensional Graphics Primitives: Points and Lines, Point plotting
Techniques: Coordinate system, Increment method, Line drawing algorithm:
DDA, Bresenham’s line drawing, Bresenham‘s circle drawing algorithm: Using
polar coordinates, Midpoint circle drawing algorithms Filled area algorithm:
Scan line, Polygon filling algorithms, Boundary filled algorithms.
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 Syllabus
Unit-II

Two-Dimensional Viewing: Viewing pipeline, Window to view port

transformation, Window to view port mapping.

Two Dimensional Geometric Transformations: Two Dimensional

Transformations: Transformations, Translation, Scaling, Rotation, Other

Transformations Reflection, shear, Homogenous Coordinate System

Unit-III

Three-Dimensional Transformations: Scaling, Translation, Rotation, Shear

Transformations, Reflection. Projection, Parallel Projection, Perspective

Projection

Three Dimensions Viewing: Three-Dimensional Viewing Transformations

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 Books
Text Books: -
Computer Graphics, Hern & Baker –PHI, New Delhi. Edition- 2 nd
• Amazon Link to Buy:
https://www.amazon.in/Computer-Graphics-C-Version-2e/dp/817758765X
• Ebook Link:
http://www.hiteshpatel.co.in/ebook/cg/Computer_Graphics_C_Version.pdf
Graphics Programming with C by Yashwant Kanetkar, BPB Publications, New
Delhi.
• Amazon Link to Buy:
https://www.amazon.in/Graphics-Under-Yashavant-P-Kanetkar/dp/8170299934
Reference Books: -
Computer Graphics, Schaum’s Outline Series, MGH Publications. Edition – 2 nd
• Amazon Link to Buy:
https://www.amazon.in/Schaums-Outline-Computer-Graphics-S/dp/0070503265
• Ebook Link :
https://www.pdfdrive.com/schaums-outline-of-theory-and-problems-of-computer-
graphics-d17320272.html

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 What is Computer Graphics?

The term computer graphics consists of two words: computer and graphics.

Graphics are visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas,
screen or paper.

A computer is an electronic device that accepts data, processes it, stores, and
then produces an output.

Computer Graphics: Images that are generated by a computer are called

computer graphics.

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 What is Computer Graphics?

• Computer graphics is the display, storage &

manipulation of images and data for the visual
representation of a system.
• Computer graphics is an art of drawing
pictures, lines, charts, etc. using computers
with the help of programming.

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 Graphics Library in Turbo c, c++

Fig 1: Graphics Library example for using computer graphics

function[1]

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Example of Computer Graphics

Fig 2: Drawing example for using computer graphics function[2]

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 Basic Terms

Most frequently used terms in computer graphics

Aspect
Pixel Resolution Persistence
Ratio

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 What is Pixel ?

What is Pixel ?
Pixel is the smallest unit represented on the computer screen. It is the tiny dot on
the screen. Screen is made up of number of pixels .

What is resolution ?
Total number of pixels on the screen will be the resolution of the screen i.e number
of pixels along X-axis * number of pixels along Y-axis.
640
400 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Pixels
...................
...............

For an idle screen i.e 17'' monitor screen. The resolution is "Total number of pixels
along x -axis multiplied by the Total number of pixels along y-axis.

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 What is Pixel ?
Along X-axis

The smallest area or

portion of your
screen that you can

Along Y-axis
paint is called pixel

A decent monitor
should have
around 1024 x 768
pixels.
SCREEN

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 What is Resolution?

Resolution Examples are:

1. 1024 * 768
2. 1152 * 864
The maximum 3. 1280 * 768
number of points 4. 1280 * 800
that can be
displayed without
For a display device of resolution 1024 * 768
overlap on a CRT is means, you can plot 1024 pixels along X-axis
referred to as the and 768 pixels along Y-axis.
resolution.

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 Aspect Ratio

What is Aspect Ratio?

Aspect ratio is the Total number of pixels along X-axis divided by Total
number of pixels along Y-axis.

600
400 ...................
................... Pixels
...................
...............

Aspect Ratio = 640/480 i.e 4:3 is the idle aspect ratio for standard 17'' monitor.

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 Persistence

Persistence

Persistence is defined Lower persistence

as the time it takes the phosphors require higher
emitted refresh
Pixels rates to maintain a
light from the screen picture on the
to decay to one-tenth
screen without flicker.
of its original intensity.

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 Types of Computer Graphics

• Computer Graphics system are of two types:-

1) Active Computer Graphics System
2) Passive Computer Graphics System

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 Types of Computer Graphics

Types of Computer Graphics

System

Interactive Computer Non-Interactive Computer

Graphics System Graphics System

It is also known as active system. It involves two way communication

between computer and user. Video game is an example of interactive
computer graphics.

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 Types of Computer Graphics

Types of Computer Graphics

System

Interactive Computer Non-Interactive Computer

Graphics System Graphics System

It is also called passive system. Here user do not have control over the graphics or
image. Screen saver and Television is an example of Non-Interactive Computer
Graphics.

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Passive system / Non-Interactive

A typical example of a passive system, whatever you see in your

TV, you can change the channel but you stick to the particular
channel, you are forced to see whatever is broadcasted by that
particular channel. You can switch off the TV and go to another
channel but you do not have control of what is being viewed on the
screen or what is being telecasted on the screen or projected on the
screen by the channel broadcaster. So that is the example of a
passive system.

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 Active system /Interactive

• Example of an active system is very easy, the video games where

almost you can decide where you want to go by giving an input
through the mouse, through the keyboard, through the joystick is
the example of an active system where the user play a prominent
role and the pictures are shown depending upon the inputs given to
the user. Although, the sequence is pre decided but you can
provide many options for the games and quite a bit of randomness
in the animation and the task which the video games will actually
ask the user to do.

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 Interactive Graphics
• Interactive Computer Graphics

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 Interactive Graphics
• Interactive Computer Graphics

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 References
1) https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fround-lake.dustinice.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.youtube.com
%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dfw3d2SfhF9Q&psig=AOvVaw3
2) https://www.slideshare.net/Amjad061/applications-of-computer-graphics-7562
4713?from_action=save
3) https://www.slideshare.net/Amjad061/applications-of-computer-graphics-7562
4713?from_action=save
4) https://www.slideshare.net/Amjad061/applications-of-computer-graphics-7562
4713?from_action=save
5) https://www.slideshare.net/Amjad061/applications-of-computer-graphics-7562
4713?from_action=save
6) https://www.slideshare.net/Amjad061/applications-of-computer-graphics-7562
4713?from_action=save
7) https://www.slideshare.net/Amjad061/applications-of-computer-graphics-7562
4713?from_action=save
8) https://www.slideshare.net/Amjad061/applications-of-computer-graphics-7562
4713?from_action=save
9) https://
www.slideshare.net/Amjad061/applications-of-computer-graphics-75624713?f
rom_action=save

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 THANK YOU

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