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Lesson - 2 - Cell Theory

Cell Theory states that: 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes. 3. All cells come from other cells, they do not come from non-living matter.

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51 views28 pages

Lesson - 2 - Cell Theory

Cell Theory states that: 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes. 3. All cells come from other cells, they do not come from non-living matter.

Uploaded by

afif kazi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Theory

Cell Theory
⦿ Biology as a science is based on the Cell
Theory

1. All living things are made up of one or


more cells.

2. The cell is the simplest unit that can carry


out all life processes.

3. All cells come from other cells, they do


not come from non-living matter.
Cell Theory #1- All living things are made up of
one or more cells.
🞲 Organisms can have one of two types of cells
🞲 1. Prokaryotes
🞲 2. Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic Cells
🞲 Prokaryote = without a nucleus,
membrane bound organelles
Eukaryote Cells
🞲 Eukaryote = with a nucleus, and
membrane bound organelles
Summary of differences
Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cells
small cells (< 5 um) larger cells (> 10 um)

always unicellular often multicellular

no nucleus or any always have nucleus and


membrane-bound other membrane-bound
organelles organelles

reproduction is always reproduction is asexual or


asexual sexual
Cell Theory #2- The cell is the simplest unit
that can carry out all life processes.
What life processes do all cells need to
maintain life?
– Grow/reproduce
– Repair
– Obtain nutrients for energy
– Remove waste
– Respond to the surrounding environment
Function And Structure Of Cells
o Cells are made up of specialized structures
called organelles – “little organs”
o organelles have a specific function that work
together to meet the life needs of the cell.
o Plant cells have some organelles that animal
cells do not.
Cell Membrane
🞲 Thin membrane that holds the contents
in the cell and controls what moves in
and out.
Cell Wall
🞲 Rigid structure, made of cellulose, that
surrounds and protects the plant cell
🞲 PLANTS ONLY!!
Chloroplasts
🞲 contain chlorophyll and is the site of
photosynthesis (creates sugar from
sunlight!)
Vacuole
🞲 Holds water
and
nutrients.
Larger in
plant cells.
Plant Vacuole
Cytoplasm
🞲 a jelly like substance in a cell in which
the organelles are suspended.
Mitochondria
🞲 makes energy
for the cell.
The “power
house of the
cell”.
Nucleus
🞲 the control center of the cell. It contains
the DNA that directs the cell’s functions
DNA Extraction!

DNA - Inherited from


your parents, it tells
each cell what
proteins to make
Nov. 29 2012
Ribosome
🞲 makes
proteins
(can be free
floating or
attached to
the
endoplasmic
reticulum)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
🞲 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum – makes and
transports proteins (it has ribosomes on it!)
🞲 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - modifies
proteins and transports them
Golgi Apparatus
🞲 stacks, ships and packages products
from the E.R. (endoplasmic reticulum)
Lysosome
🞲 Contains digestive enzymes that
destroy big molecules
Plant vs Animal Cell
🞲 Cell membrane • Cell membrane
🞲 Cytoplasm • Cytoplasm
🞲 Mitochondria • Mitochondria
🞲 Nucleus • Nucleus
🞲 Ribosomes • Ribosomes
🞲 Rough Endoplasmic • Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Reticulum
🞲 Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum • Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
🞲 Golgi Apparatus
• Golgi Apparatus
🞲 Lysosomes
• Lysosomes
🞲 Cholorplast
🞲 Cell wall
How do the parts of the cell
work together ?
Lysosomes –
Remove waste

Mitochondria –
Make ENERGY!
Cell Structure Overview
Fun Remembering Devices
Cell Theory #3- All cells come from other cells,
they do not come from non-living matter.

🞲 Will be addressed in another lesson


To Do Now

🞲 Answer Pg. 32 #2,3, 6,7

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