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Color Order System and Color Matching Functions2016 and Activity 12

Here are the key steps to complete this activity: 1. Use the CIE x, y, z color matching functions to calculate the xy chromaticity coordinates that make up the "tongue" shape of the CIE chromaticity diagram. 2. Measure the spectral power distributions of pure red, green, and blue from your display device. 3. Calculate the xy chromaticity coordinates of the red, green, and blue primaries by integrating their spectra with the x, y, z functions. 4. Plot the xy coordinates of the primaries on the CIE diagram to visualize the device's color gamut. 5. Compare the areas of different devices' gamuts to determine

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haroldlco
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20 views

Color Order System and Color Matching Functions2016 and Activity 12

Here are the key steps to complete this activity: 1. Use the CIE x, y, z color matching functions to calculate the xy chromaticity coordinates that make up the "tongue" shape of the CIE chromaticity diagram. 2. Measure the spectral power distributions of pure red, green, and blue from your display device. 3. Calculate the xy chromaticity coordinates of the red, green, and blue primaries by integrating their spectra with the x, y, z functions. 4. Plot the xy coordinates of the primaries on the CIE diagram to visualize the device's color gamut. 5. Compare the areas of different devices' gamuts to determine

Uploaded by

haroldlco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COLOR ORDER SYSTEM AND

COLOR MATCHING FUNCTIONS


A. Color Order Systems
Munsell Color Order System
Based on perceptual attributes of color.
Hue
Chroma (Saturation)
Value (Lightness)
Albert H. Munsell
Image from Wikipedia

Munsell created his color atlas in conjunction with an


artist who carefully painted samples to match
Munsell's conception.

In 1929 the Optical Society of America commissioned


a study to instantiate the Munsell colors into XYZ.
Munsell Color Order System

Image from Wikipedia


Munsell Hue
Circular scale based on 10
major hues

Red ( R)

Yellow-Red (YR)

Yellow (Y)

Green-Yellow(GY)

Green (G)

Blue-Green(BG)

Blue (B)

Purple-Blue (PB)

Purple(P)

Red-Purple (RP)
Munsell Hue

The Hue Scale is further


subdivided into a scale range
of 1 to 10 with 5 the major
hue itself.

A digit-letter notation is
used to specify Munsell
hue.

Example: 2.5R means the


2.5 step R in major hue
category Red.
Image from http://igl.net.au
Munsell Chroma

Starts from 0 to possible
maximum chroma of each
hue.


O chroma indicates white,
gray or black.


The higher the chroma value,
the purer the color.


Equal steps on the chroma
scale represent equal changes
in perceived chroma.
Image from Wikipedia
Value (Lightness)
Numerical scale of lightness
from 0 (black) to 10 (white)

Samples that differ in Munsell


hue or chroma that have the
same VALUE should be judged
to represent equal changes in
perceived lightness.

Image from Wikipedia


Munsell Notation
Hue Value/Chroma
2.5R 8/4 means
2.5 Red
Value 8
Chroma 4

Letter N denotes neutral samples


and chroma value is omitted
N 8/
Neutral sample value 8 chroma 0.
Munsell Color Tree

jiscdigitalmedia.ac.u
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urbanext.illinois.ed
B. Color Matching Functions
From rgb to xyz
CIE -Commission internationale de
l'éclairage
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON
ILLUMINATION
Advancing knowledge and providing standardisation to improve the lighted
environment
The International Commission on Illumination - also known as the CIE from its
French title, the Commission Internationale de l´Eclairage - is devoted to
worldwide cooperation and the exchange of information on all matters
relating to the science and art of light and lighting, colour and vision, and
image technology.
With strong technical, scientific and cultural foundations, the CIE is an
independent, non-profit organisation that serves member countries on a
voluntary basis. Since its inception in 1913, the CIE has become a professional
organization and has been accepted as representing the best authority on the
subject and as such is recognized by ISO as an international standardization
body.
Color Matching Experiment

http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/ling525/color_vision.html
Wright (1929) & Guild (1931)
• Published results of
color matching
experiments separately.
Color Matching Functions
Due to the analytic limitations of the times, there was a
need to recast the CMF’s into an all-positive set

• This led to the establishment in 1931 of the


CIE Standard Human Observer
Conversion from rgb to xyz

 x ( )  0.49000 0.31000 0.20000  r ( ) 


 y ( )  0.17697 0.81240 0.01063  g ( )
    
 z ( )  0.00000 0.01000 0.99000 b ( ) 
An interesting account of the CIE Meeting in
which the proposed XYZ color matching
functions was discussed by Brill et al. (1997)
Cones vs CMF

Cone sensitivities Color Matching Functions


V – Luminance Function

CIE xbar ybar zbar color matching Luminance function V


functions
Chromatic Adaptation
The brain can adjust the gain of the cone
sensitivities independently.
Given a light spectrum P(λ) we can compute
the Tristimulus Values XYZ

X   P (  ) x (  ) d
Y   P (  ) y (  ) d
Z   P (  ) z (  ) d
Normalizing each tristimulus value by their
sum we get the CIE xy Chromaticity Coordinates

X
x
X Y  Z
Y
y
X Y  Z
Z
z
X Y  Z
CIE xy

Image from Wikipedia


Gamut

tftcentral.co.uk
Activity 12- CIExy and Gamuts of Display
Devices
1. Given the CIE Standard Human Observer Functions
replicate the CIExy “tongue” using any spreadsheet
function. Overlay an image of the color tongue on your
plot.
2. Create a background image of pure red, green and blue
background on any display device (projector, laptop
monitor, free standing monitor, smartphone, tablet, etc.)
and measure the screen spectra.
3. Compute the gamut points of your devices and calculate
the areas. Display the plots of the gamut on your CIExy
tongue. Which device has the largest gamut?

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