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TX Line

This document discusses transmission lines and their termination. It covers topics such as lumped and distributed parameter models, single and multimode transmission, characteristic impedance, reflection coefficient, impedance matching techniques, and time domain reflectometry for analyzing transmission lines. Different types of transmission lines are described including metallic, dielectric, coaxial, twisted pair, and stripline configurations.

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278 views19 pages

TX Line

This document discusses transmission lines and their termination. It covers topics such as lumped and distributed parameter models, single and multimode transmission, characteristic impedance, reflection coefficient, impedance matching techniques, and time domain reflectometry for analyzing transmission lines. Different types of transmission lines are described including metallic, dielectric, coaxial, twisted pair, and stripline configurations.

Uploaded by

api-3803118
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Transmission Line and Termination

Transmission Line Analysis


• Wavelength Versus Distance
– Lumped: λ < L
– Distributed: λ>L
• Pulse Transition Versus Propagation Delay
• Single Mode
– Frequency response
– Propagation (timing and phase) delay
– Loss and dispersion
– Pulse distortion
• Multimode
– Modal analysis
• Multi Lines
– Crosstalk
– Interference
Transmission Lines
• Metallic
– Parallel Wire Pair
• FM and TV antenna
– Twisted Wire Pair
• Phone line
• 10BaseT Ethernet
– Coaxial Cable
• RG58
– Metallic Conduit
– Planar Striplines
• Printed circuit board
• Hybrid IC carrier
• Dielectric
– Fiber
• Glass
• Polymer
Characteristic Impedance
• Impedance
– Z=V/I for an infinite cable
• Coaxial Cable
– CATV, lab, microwave
instrumentation
2πκε 0
C=
ln( D / d )
µ
L = 0 ln( D / d )
2π
R + jωL L 138
Z0 = → = log( D / d )
G + jωC C κ
1 10 Skin Depth In Copper
Vp =
LC 9

– Loss 8
Skin Depth, microns

• Frequency dependent 6

ρ 5
• Skin depth δ= 4
πf µ
– TEM mode 3
2

– Unbalanced 1
0
0.E+00 1.E+09 2.E+09 3.E+09 4.E+09 5.E+09 6.E+09
Frequency, Hz
Coaxial Cables
Attenuation in
Coax Velocity
db per 100 feet Description
Factor
(On 27MHz)
RG-8 1.15 dB .66 50 Ohm coax
RG-59 2.0 dB .66 75 Ohm coax
RG-8/U Foam 0.85 dB .80 50 Ohm coax, Foam Dielectric
RG-59/U Foam 1.5 dB .79 75 Ohm coax, Foam Dielectric
Belden 9913 0.7 dB .84 Premium 50 Ohm coax
1/2" Hardline 0.35 dB .81 Special coax, expensive!
RG-8X (Mini-8) 1.2 dB .78 Small 50 Ohm coax. Preferred
over RG-58. Recommended for
mobile installations.
RG-58 2.35 dB .66 50 Ohm coax
RG-213 1.35 dB .66 50 Ohm coax.
RG-11/U Foam 0.85 dB .80 75 Ohm coax.
RG-11/U 1.35 dB .66 75 Ohm coax

http://www.rfcafe.com/references/electrical/coax_chart.htm
Coax Connectors
• BNC
• Type N
• SMA
• APC7
• K
Coax Connectors
Twin Lead Cable
• Balanced
– 300 Ω Z 0 = 276 log( D / r )
• Balun
– Balanced to unbalance transformer
Twisted Wire Pair
• Network Cables
– Cat 3, 4, 5, 5E, 6, ..
– DSL wiring at home
• http://www.smellyeyeball.com/dsl/
Striplines
• Micro Stripline
• Embedded Stripline
• Coplanar Stripline

• Loss
– Metallic
• Skin depth
• Localized current flow
– Dielectric
ε ''
• Loss tangent ε = ε '− jε ' ' ⇒ Tanδ =
ε'
– Surface roughness
Transmission Line Termination
• Impedance Matching
– Termination
• Mismatch
– Reflection
• Time Domain Picture
– http://www.williamson-labs.com/xmission.htm
• Frequency Domain Analysis
Reflection and Transmission
• Reflection

• Standing Wave Ratio

• Wave Visualization
Impedance Matching
• Effective Impedance
– Load impedance
– Cable in front of load
– Frequency dependent
– Bandwidth
– Smith chart
• http://www.educatorscorner.com/index.cgi?CONTENT_ID=2482
• Impedance Matching
– Transformer
– Stub
• http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/D.Jefferies/stubs.html
• Application
– http://www.sss-mag.com/pdf/arrl_circles.pdf
Time Domain Reflectometry
• Principle
– Launch a pulse or a step waveform into the cable
– Monitor reflected signal
– Delay: location of mismatch
– Magnitude: amount of mismatch
• Equipment
– http://www.tek.com/Measurement/App_Notes/55_14601/eng/55W_1
– Pulse generator
Time Domain Reflectometry
• Measurements
– http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/EE290C_
– http://literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5988-6505
• Build Your Own TDR
Analysis for Digital Pulse
• Pulse Analysis
• Pulse Distortion

• EESoft Modeling
Reading and Exercise
• Reading
• Exercise
• http://www.connectorwizard.com/reference/a
Chapter Review
• Transmission Lines
– balanced and unbalance
– Balum
• Characteristic Impedance
• Reflection Coefficient
• Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
• Smith Chart
• Impedance Matching
• Time Domain Reflectomety

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