FLOOR SYSTEM IN MULTISTORY BUILDING
Floor Structural Subsystem Floor Finish Subsystem Ceiling (Soffit of floor) finish subsystem.
FLOOR STRUCTURAL SUB SYSTEM
Vertical Loading Function
The main function of the floor structural system is to carry the live loads and dead loads that are placed on it. Then the floor structure has to transfer these loads to either support beams of the structural frame or supporting structural walls. The floor structure must be stiff enough as to neither noticeable deflect due to the load nor felt to oscillate when repetitive impact loads (e.g people walking) are applied.
Horizontal Loading Function
Act as internal strut of the buildings horizontal loading structural system. Deeper solid floor slabs or joists or girders give better stiffness to the building Yet to compensate for the deeper floor slab or girders or joist, designers will increase the floor-to-ceiling height. The impact is more expense due to longer ducts, lift shafts, increased materials etc. On the other hand, if the designer does not increase the floor to ceiling height, the headroom will be limited and the use of false ceilings and floors to house the services runs is restricted.
TYPES OF FLOOR
Concrete Floor
Steel Floor
Composite steel-concrete
ADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITE STEELCONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
1. Combination of the advantages of steel with advantages of concrete Reduced temporary works Reduced wet construction operations Improved usable floor height space
2. 3. 4.
Light-weight or normal concrete floor structures
ONE WAY SYSTEM
TWO WAY SYSTEM
ONE WAY SYSTEM
1. 2. 3. 4.
Cast in situ solid Slab Slab on Joist Floors Pre-cast concrete slab Post-tensioned joist supporting pre cast concrete slab or in situ concrete slabs.
TWO WAY SYSTEM
Two way slabs on stiff beams Two way slabs on shallow joist bands Flat slabs Waffle slabs Pre-cast slabs Diagrid floors
Steel Floor Structures
Two classes of steel floor structures
NON COMPOSITE FLOOR INTERACTION
COMPOSITE FLOOR INTERACTION
NON COMPOSITE FLOOR INTERACTION
The floor r.c slab can act separately from steel framework. In other words, the steel and concrete components of the floor act as separate structural entities.
COMPOSITE FLOOR INTERACTION
The floor slab can act in composite way with steel framework. In other words, the steel and concrete are keyed to each other and interact as a single element instead of two separate components
STEEL FLOOR CONSISTS OF 2 COMPONENTS
FLOOR SLAB
HORIZONTAL SPAN MEMBERS
CAST IN SITU CONCRETE SLAB ON CORRUGATED METAL DECK WITH ANCHOR STUD CAST IN SITU CONCRETE SLAB
CAST IN SITU CONCRETE SLAB ON CORRUGATED METAL DECK
SKIN SYSTEM
PRE CAST CONCRETE SLAB CERAMIC SLAB
CASTELLATED HOT ROLLED BEAM
VIERENDEEL GIRDERS
TAPPERED OR HAUNCHED GIRDERS
OPEN WEBBEB STEEL JOIST
HORIZONTAL SPAN MEMBERS
LATTICE GIRDERS
TRUST GIRDERS
HOT ROLLED BEAM STUB GIRDERS
NON COMPOSITE STEEL FLOOR
COMPOSITE STEEL FLOOR WHERE STEEL I BEAM IS EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE
COMPOSITE STEEL FLOOR USING METAL DECKING
TYPES OF COMPOSITE STEEL FLOORS
Fire Protection
Contact fire proofing
The steel frame may be fireproofed by either encased in a fireproof material such as concrete or sprayed with contact fire proofing materials e.g vermiculite If steel decking is part of the floor system, the soffit of the decking is spayed with contact fire proofing materials e.g vermiculite
Ceiling as membrane fire fighting
The ceiling behaves as a fire resistance barrier. It protects the floor structure and the M&E ducts, pipes and cabling within the ceiling space fr. the floor below. To prevent fire spread through the ceiling space, fire curtains are installed in the ceiling space to firecompartmentalise the space
Accommodation of Services
1. Below the floor The horizontal M&E pipes and ducts are suspended either from the floor frame or from the soffit in the suspended ceiling space. Within the floor The M&E pipes and ducts are directly supported by the floor either through the penetrations in the floor components e.g. holes through beams, trusses girders or imbedded in the concrete slab or in chases in the floor slab. Above the floor The M&E pipes and ducts are directly supported on the floor in the space created by raised floors.
2.
3.
FLOOR FINISH SUBSYSTEMS
The floor finish is usually screed which is laid on the concrete slab. Tiling or membrane type covers (e.g. carpet, linoleum) are laid on the screed. Access boxes for the M&E ducts lain in the floor slab are positioned relevant to the layout of the floor.
Screed floor
Propriety raised floor systems are installed onto the floor creating a false floor. Space within the raised floor accommodate M&E ducts, cables etc and allows the used of under-floor air-conditioning plenums. Manufacturing have devised raised floor systems that modular and integrated for accomodating air conditioning, electricity and telecommunication services lines.
Raised floor
Ceiling Subsystems
Wet construction
Dry construction
Plaster or spray finish or cemented acoustic tiling that are clad directly to the floor soffit.
May also be in the form or wet plastering on dry boards on a frame that is either suspended from the floor soffit or fixed directly to the floor soffit
Dry boards or tiles fastened on a frame either suspended from the floor soffit or fixed directly to the floor soffit. Made from gypsum, metal lath, wood cement etc. Tiles are usually of the acoustic type.
Ceiling are either attached directly to the floor or suspended with hanging wires or rods from the floor.
Usually for residential building
Suspended ceilings
SOLID TYPE
GRID TILE TYPE LINEAR PLANKING TYPE
CONSTRUCTION OF SUSPENDED CEILING
Assembly of separate parts installed by various tradesmen. The parts are standard design components and may be sourced from different manufacturers. However the dimensions of the light, air-conditioning and fire safety fittings are usually aesthetically incompatible with the ceiling Assembly of a complete propriety system from a single manufacturer. Such a ceiling is called an integrated ceiling. An integrated ceiling is either of the linear plank type or the grid tile type. The ceiling system consists of the following components. - ceiling support system - ceiling materials for acoustic and fire protection - light fittings - HVAC air diffuser
