MICROCONTROLLER

Group 1:
Arnel C. Curamen
Jayson M. Garcia
Leslie N. Ganalongo
Mabel N. Tolentino
Venus V. Antalan
Arman Lagamot
What is microcontroller?
• A microcontroller is an integrated circuit(IC) that
can be programmed to perform a set of
functions to control a collection of electronic
devices;
• A self-contained system in which a processor,
support, memory and input/output I/O are all
contained in a single package .
• Being programmable is what makes the
microcontroller unique.
 History of Microcontroller

1960’s
The concept of a single-chip computer; now
kwon as a microcontroller, began to take shape
in the 1960’s. Engineers at companies like Texas
instruments and Fairchild semiconductor
explored the idea of combining computing
components onto a single chip. These early
were simple by today’s standards and were
used in basic applications.
 1970’s Inter corporation
Intel played a crucial role in popularizing the microcontroller with
the introduction of intel 8-48 and the intel 8051 in i980.
engineering at intel, including Hans R. Camenzind and John H.
Wharton, contributed to the design of these microcontrollers.

1980’s- Atmel camponies

Atmel : Founded by George Perlegas, Atmel
introduced a series of microcontrollers, including
AVR line , which gained popularity for their ease
of use and flexibility
 1990’s- Microchip technology and ARM Holdings-
Micrchip technology-founded by George
perlegos (who later left to start atmel),microchip
technology became a major player in the
microcontroller industry, offering a wide range of
Pic microcontroller.
ARM Holdings- although arm is known for its
CPU architecture, it also played a significant role
in microcontroller with the arm architecture,
which became widely adopted in various
microcontroller design.
 2020’s
Various companies- the microcontroller market
became highly diversified, with numerous
companies like nxp, STMicroelectionics, renesas
, and others contributing to advancements in
microcontroller technology across various
industries.
Arduino and raspberry pi communities
While not inventors in the traditional sense, the Arduino
and raspberry pi communities played a significant role
in popularizing microcontroller programming and
making it accessible to a wider audience
 Types of Microcontroller
ARM Microcontroller
 ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machine. It’s the most popular
Microcontrollers Programming in the digital embedded system world,
and most of the industries prefer only ARM microcontrollers since it
consists of significant features to implement products with an excellent
appearance. It is cost sensitive and high-performance device which has
been used in a wide range of application such as Industrial Instrument
control systems, wireless networking and sensors, and automotive body
systems, etc.
 8051 Microcontroller
Intel created 8051 microcontrollers in 1981. It is an 8bit microcontroller.
It’s made with 40 pins DIP (Dual inline package), 4kb if ROM storage and
128 bytes of RAM storage, 2 16 bit timer. It consists of are four parallel 8
bit ports, which are programmable as well as addressable as per the
specification.
 AVR Microcontroller
AVR stands for Alf and Vegard's RISC Processor. It was the modified
Harvard architecture machine, where program and data were stored in
the separate physical memory system that appears in different address
spaces, but having the ability to browse information things from
program memory victimization particular directions. AVR isn't associate
degree signifier and doesn't symbolize something specially.
MSP stands for Mixed Signal Processor. It’s the family from Texas
MSP Microcontroller
Instruments. Built around a 16 -bit CPU, the MSP is designed for low cost
and respectively, low power dissipation embedded statements. It’s the
controller's appearance is directly related to the 16-bit data bus, and seven
addressing modes and the decreased instructions set, which allows a
shorter, denser programming code for fast performance.
 Arduino Microcontroller
Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit
board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of
software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that
runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code
to the physical board.
 esp32 microcontroller
a very versatile System On a Chip (SoC) that can be used as a general purpose
microcontroller with quite an extensive set of peripherals including WiFi and Bluetooth
wireless capabilities.I t is sed for various applications which include wireless
communication, IoT (Internet of things) devices, home automation, robotics,
embedded systems etc.
 Raspberry pi pico microcontroller
A Raspberry Pi Pico is a low-cost microcontroller device. Microcontrollers are tiny
computers, but they tend to lack large volume storage and peripheral devices that
you can plug in (for example, keyboards or monitors). the Raspberry Pi Pico can be
used in many projects, be it Internet of Things (IoT), Adafruit Neopixel projects, data
logging, small to medium scale robotics, projects needing interfacing with cameras,
analog sensing (using environment sensors) and more.
 Raspberry Pi Microcontroller
Raspberry Pi Microcontroller is a low-cost, high-performance
microcontroller board with flexible digital interfaces. It features the RP2040,
which marks Raspberry Pi's first microcontroller designed in-house. Pico
provides minimal (yet flexible) external circuitry to support the RP2040 chip.
 Differences

ARM Architecture: ARM microcontrollers are based on processor architectures designed by

Microcontroller ARM Holdings. They come in various architectures like ARM Cortex-M0, Cortex-M3,
Cortex-M4, and more.
Performance and Range: ARM microcontrollers offer a wide range of performance
levels, from low-power applications to high-performance embedded systems.
Applications: ARM microcontrollers are used in diverse applications, including
consumer electronics, industrial automation, automotive systems, healthcare devices, and
more.
Flexibility: They offer a balance between performance and power consumption, making
them suitable for a broad range of projects.

AVR Manufacturer: AVR microcontrollers are developed and manufactured by Atmel (now
Microcontroller Microchip Technology).
Ease of Use: AVR microcontrollers are known for their simplicity and ease of use,
making them suitable for beginners and hobbyists.
Power Consumption: They tend to be power-efficient and can operate in low-power
modes.
Applications: AVR microcontrollers are often used in small-scale embedded systems,
robotics, home automation, and educational projects.
Arduino Ecosystem: AVR microcontrollers are a key component of the Arduino
ecosystem, which provides a user-friendly environment for programming and
prototyping.
 Differences

MSP Manufacturer: MSP microcontrollers are produced by Texas Instruments.

Microcontroller Ultra-Low Power: MSP microcontrollers are designed with a focus on ultra-low power
consumption, making them suitable for battery-operated devices.
Applications: They excel in energy-efficient applications, such as remote sensors,
wearables, and other devices requiring long battery life.
Variety: MSP430 series focuses on simplicity, while MSP432 series brings more
performance and connectivity options.

Arduino Ecosystem: Arduino microcontrollers are part of a larger ecosystem that emphasizes ease
Microcontroller of use, accessibility, and rapid prototyping.
Variety: Arduino supports various microcontroller architectures, including AVR, ARM-
based boards, and others.
Simplicity: Arduino IDE simplifies programming and code uploading, making it
accessible for beginners and quick projects.
Applications: Arduino is popular for educational purposes, hobbyist projects, and
building interactive prototypes.

ESP32 Wireless Connectivity: ESP32 microcontrollers, produced by Espressif

Microcontroller Systems, feature built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity.
IoT Focus: They are commonly used for IoT projects, allowing devices to
connect to the internet and communicate wirelessly.
Applications: ESP32 microcontrollers are used in smart home devices,
wearables, industrial IoT, and more.
Versatility: They offer a balance between microcontroller capabilities and
wireless communication features.
 Differences
Raspberry pi Computing Power: Raspberry Pi boards are single-board computers with more
Microcontroller processing power, RAM, and storage compared to microcontrollers.
Operating System: Raspberry Pi runs a full operating system like Linux, enabling it to
handle complex tasks and multitasking.
Applications: Raspberry Pi is used for diverse applications, including desktop computing,
servers, media centers, robotics, and educational platforms.
Connectivity: It offers USB ports, Ethernet, Wi-Fi (depending on model), and HDMI
output.

Raspberry pi Microcontroller: The Raspberry Pi Pico is a microcontroller board developed by the

pico Raspberry Pi Foundation, based on the RP2040 microcontroller.
Simplicity: Geared towards simplicity, suitable for prototyping and education.
Microcontroller Programming: Can be programmed using MicroPython or C/C++ for embedded systems.
Applications: Used in various projects requiring control, input/output, and basic
computation.

8051 Legacy: The 8051 microcontroller is a popular legacy microcontroller architecture.

Microcontroller Simplicity: Known for its simplicity, it's often used in applications where cost and simplicity
are more important than high performance.
Applications: Widely used in embedded systems, industrial automation, automotive
systems, and various control applications.
Limited Features: Older architecture with limited resources and capabilities compared to
modern microcontrollers.

These microcontroller and SBC types has its strengths and weaknesses, catering to
different applications, levels of expertise, power requirements, and processing needs.
The choice depends on your project's specific requirements and goals.
MICROCONTROLLERS IDE/SOFTWARE
ARM Microcontroller Keil MDK (Microcontroller Development Kit), STM32CubeIDE
(STMicroelectronics), MCUXpresso IDE (NXP/Freescale), IAR Embedded
Workbench (IAR Systems), CrossWorks (Rowley Associates), Visual
Studio Code (VS Code) with PlatformIO, Segger Embedded Studio,
MATLAB and Simulink (MathWorks), Atmel Studio (Microchip/Atmel),
Green Hills MULTI (Green Hills Software).

AVR Microcontroller Atmel Studio, PlatformO, AVRDUDE, Arduino IDE, AVR Studio, Code
VisionAVR, Bascom-AVR, Simulators and Emulators, Sublime Text
8051 Microcontroller Keil uVision

MSP Microcontroller Code Composer Studio (CCS), Energia, Visual Code Studio, Sublime Text,
IAR Embedded Workbench
Arduino Arduino IDE, PlatformO, Visual Code Studio, Visual Micro
Microcontroller
Esp23 Arduino IDE for ESP32, Espressif IDF (ESP-IDF), PlatformIO, Visual
Microcontroller Studio Code with PlatformIO,

Raspberry pi pico Thonny IDE for Raspberry Pi Pico, MicroPython for Raspberry Pi Pico,

Raspberry Thonny IDE, Python IDE, Visual Code Studio, Geany, Atom, Jupyter
Pi Microcontroller Notebboks, Arduino IDE (for raspberry pi), Web-based IDEs, Command-
Line Tools.
 Popular Microcontroller Models
•STM32F103C8T6: a member of the STM32F103xx medium-density
performance line family of microcontrollers that feature a high-performance
ARM® Cortex®-M3 32-bit RISC core operating at a 72 MHz frequency
and possess an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals connected
to two APB buses.
•ATmega328: one of the most popular microcontrollers in the world, and
it has always been the microcontroller of choice for many designers.
•PIC16F877A- is arguably the most popular 8-bit microcontroller in the
PIC family of MCUs. This article mainly covers the datasheet, pinout,
applications, programming, and more details about PIC16F877A .
•Attiny85- is a CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with AVR-enhanced RISC
architecture. It delivers throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz by
executing strong instructions in a single clock cycle, giving the system
designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed
•MSP430G2452- This series of single-chip microcomputers is mostly
used in portable instruments that require battery power.
Arduino Uno: A widely used microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
microcontroller. It's popular among hobbyists and beginners due to its simplicity
and large community support.
Raspberry Pi Pico: While technically not a microcontroller, it's a microcontroller
board developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, featuring the RP2040
microcontroller. It gained popularity due to its low cost, GPIO pins, and
performance.
Intel/ST Edison: The Edison module by Intel and STMicroelectronics combined
x86 processing power with microcontroller capabilities, finding use in more
complex embedded systems.
ESP8266 and ESP32: Produced by Espressif Systems, these are highly popular
microcontrollers for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. They have built-in Wi-
Fi and sometimes Bluetooth capabilities, making them suitable for a wide range
of projects.
TI MSP430: Texas Instruments' MSP430 series is known for its low power
consumption and is often used in battery-powered applications.
Microcontroller memory
types
How Microcont
roller Works