Security Level:

IP Multimedia Subsystem
(IMS)
Basic Concepts and Network Structure

ISSUE1.0 www.huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential

Reference
 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
Concepts and Services

 IMS solution product manual

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 After learning this course, you will be able to:
 Understand the development of 3GPP
 Understand the network structure of IMS
 Familiarize yourself with the functions and
interfaces of CSCF, HSS, AS, MGCF/IM-
MGW, MRFC/MRFP
 Familiarize yourself with the registry and
session processes in an IMS network

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 Chapter 1 IMS Background Knowledge and
Basic Concepts

Chapter 2 IMS Network Structure

Chapter 3 IMS Registry Process

Chapter 4 IMS Session Process

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 Chapter 1 IMS Background Knowledge and Basic Concepts

1.1 IMS Basic Concepts

1.2 3GPP Development

1.3 SIP Concepts

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IMS Basic Concepts

IMS is a subsystem in a WCDMA network. It is defined in the 3GPP R5 as follows:

IMS: IP Multimedia subsystem (3GPP TS 23.002)

The IM subsystem comprises all CN elements for

provision of IP multimedia services comprising audio,
video, text, chat, etc. and a combination of them
delivered over the PS domain.

The entities related to IMS are CSCF, MGCF, MRF, etc.

as defined in the stage 2 of the IM subsystem TS
23.228 [34]. See TS 22.228 [27] for some service
examples of IMS.

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 IMS feature
As the basis of the unified core network in the future, the IMS has the following features:
 The IMS uses SIP to control sessions. Because the SIP is simple, flexible, easy to expand, and convenient for
media negotiation, the IMS will be more adaptable in the future.
 Service logic is separated from network transmission. Services are distributed in different servers, and the
network is used only for transmission. Therefore, two ends can complete the services to the greatest extent.
 Service trigger conditions are matched with standard SIP as the trigger interface and subscription data as the
match principle. Therefore, a service can be triggered and matched flexibly to the greatest extent.
 Subscription data is stored in the HSS for being downloaded by the session control NE or service processing NE.
Therefore, a piece of UE or service can be moved to any place.
 Services are provided to a user in the home domain. Therefore, the user can enjoy the services in different places
at different time.
 Sessions and services are distributed. Therefore, the IMS can be as reliable, stable and available just as the IP
network is.
In the Huawei IMS solution (Huawei IMS for short), the following features are taken into
account: Session control ,Service provision ,Service trigger ,Mobility Charging ,Addressing
mode ,QoS ,Security ,NAT traversal ,IW with the PSTN and PLMN ,Consolidation of the fixed
network and mobile network. Therefore, the IMS is a complete solution for multimedia
communication over the IP network.

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 Chapter 1 IMS Background Knowledge and Basic Concepts

1.1 IMS Basic Concepts

1.2 3GPP Development

1.3 SIP Concepts

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3GPP Development

3GPP R6

3GPP R5
End-to-end VoIP
3GPP R4 New entities of
CS domain of core network

3GPP R99 core network:

New technology MSC server and
of access network MGW
Interfaces of core
network (ATM)
Functions
development
complete

2000/03 2001/03 2002/03 Planning

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3GPP R99
3GPP R99 Network Structure
MS Access 3GCore External
Network Network Network
3GCS
MSC£ V̄LR£ ¬
GMSC£ ¬
gsmSSF PSTN

Service
UTRAN Application
HLR, SCP

3GPS
SGSN,GGSN

 Compared with 2G GSM and 2.5G GPRS, WCDMA R99 has the following features:
 Inheriting GSM network structure
 Dividing into CS domain and PS domain
 CS domain based on TDM and PS domain based on IP for non-real time data services
 Introducing a new interface for access network
 Adopting packet transfer for WCDMA
 Introducing the lub, lur, lu interfaces based on ATM
 On Mar. 2000, it is ceased to propose R99 functions. From Jun. 2000 to Jun. 2002, all R99 functions are brought to completion by
experiencing nine-time verifications. R99 functions pass the commercial verifications of NTT DoCoMo and other carriers.

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3GPP R4
3GPP R4 CS Domain

 R4 is originated from R00. R00 is proposed since 1999 but it cannot be finished on Aug. 2000, so
R00 is renamed as R4 and R5. On Mar. 2001, it is ceased to propose R4 functions but some
functions are not finished until Jun. 2001.
 Comparing to R99, R4 CS domain has a big change, that is, the bearer plane and control plane are
separated. Also, R4 supports ATM/IP/TDM.
 The network structure of R4 PS domain is consistent with that of R99; however, R4 SS7 can
support IP and other stronger functions. At the access network side, R4 is just optimized without
adding new functions.

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3GPP R5 and IMS

 R5 provides IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), which is added to the PS domain of core network. Most functions of IMS
are performed through the control plane; however, the bearer function is performed through the PS domain.
 IMS is introduced to further achieve the separation of bearer plane and control plane in R4 CS domain.

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3GPP R5
 3GPP R5 has the following features:
 It inherits all the functions and services of WCDMA R4
 The core network is divided into CS domain and PS domain.
IMS is added to the PS domain. The network structure of CS
domain is consistent with that of R4.
 IP QoS is enhanced.
 More and better services are provided.
 R5 achieve the ALL IP proposed by 3GPP. All signaling messages are
processed through IP technology, and thus IP technology will change
the existing call flow.
 IMS is not fully developed in R5, so IMS (phase 2) is further enhanced
in R6 to achieve the ALL IP completely.

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 Chapter 1 IMS Background Knowledge and Basic Concepts

1.1 IMS Basic Concepts

1.2 3GPP Development

1.3 SIP Concepts

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SIP

SIP (RFC 3261), developed by IETF, is one of framework protocols of

multimedia communication system. It is a protocol for IMS control plane, used
for setting up, changing, or ending multimedia sessions.

SIP is used for session setup and media negotiate along with RTP/RTCP, SDP,
RTSP, and DNS. Once a session is set up, medium stream uses the RTP on the
bearer plane to transmit the session directly. Also, multiple media can be
interacted flexibly in one session.

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Summary

Summary  IMS basic concepts

 3GPP development

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 Chapter 1 IMS Background Knowledge and
Basic Concepts

Chapter 2 IMS Network Structure

Chapter 3 IMS Registry Process

Chapter 4 IMS Session Process

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 Chapter 2 IMS Network Structure

2.1 IMS Network Structure

2.2 IMS Network Elements

2.3 IMS Interfaces

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Huawei IMS solution networking structure
Application Thrid party
Layer SCP Gaming Meeting
application
OSA
Business LBS
Layer IM_SSF PTT CCF
DMS UC HSS IM Presence
O
S
S
Session S_CSCF I_CSCF T-MGCF /
control B
layer MRFC
I-MGCF S
S
P-CSCF A-MGCF

ARM ARM
Acess Layer Bear controling
MRFP
AC Bear coring
GGSN
MGCP/H.248 SG TMG
SGSN SIP SIP iMG
PSTN/PLMN
2G/3G RAN IAD AG IAD Internet / VoIP
SIP Terminals
xDSL/LAN
SIP/H.323 Terminals
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Network Architecture of the Huawei IMS solution
 Service Layer
The service layer consists of all types of ASs and resource servers. It provides services such as the game,
conference and IM. It also provides service capabilities such as Presence, group and media resources.
Operators can combine the service capabilities into different services based on actual demands, to launch services
faster. To support the product development of third parties, operators can open certain service capabilities and
provide the API interface for third parties.
 Session Control & Media Resources Layer
The session control layer consists of functional NEs such as the P-CSCF, I-CSCF, S-CSCF, BGCF,
MRFC/MRFP, HSS, and AGCF. This layer performs functions such as registration, authentication, session route
control, service triggering, topology hiding inter-network gateway (THIG), routing, resource control, and
interworking.
 Access & Bearer Control Layer
 The access & bearer control layer consists of functional NEs such as the PDF, PCRF, SPDF, A-RACF, NACF, and CLF.
 It provides QoS resources control, depending on service based local policy (SBLP)/service based bear control (SBBC). It
controls the resources of the access network through the PDF, PCRF, SPDF and A-RACF.
 If fixed networks access the IMS, the access & bearer control layer can include the network attachment subsystem (NASS). The
NASS consists of the CLF and NACF, and performs the functions of location management and network access configuration to
access fixed networks.
 This layer also performs the NAT control function to support NAT traversal in enterprise networks.
 Currently, the Huawei IMS supports access modes such as the Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), Code Division Multiple Access
2000 (CDMA2000), WiFi, xDSL, local area network (LAN), PSTN/integrated services digital network (ISDN), and worldwide
interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX).

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Network Architecture of the Huawei IMS solution

 Interworking Layer
 The interworking layer interworks with the IMS, PSTN, PLMN, NGN and H.323 network
 The MGCF and BGCF are responsible for the IW between the IMS and the PSTN or
PLMN. The SGW converts signaling, and the IM-MGW converts media for this kind of
IW. The SGW can be embedded in the IM-MGW.
 The interconnection border control function (I-BCF) is responsible for the IW between the
IMS and the H.323 or voice over IP (VoIP) network. The I-BGF converts media for this
kind of IW.

 Operation Support Layer

The operation support layer includes functional NEs such as the OMS, CCF, Portal, service
provisioning gateway (SPG), element management system (EMS), and DNS/ENUM server.
This layer helps to charge, address, manage networks, store subscription data, and operate
Web Portal in a unified manner.

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Huawei IMS network architecture

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IMS solution networking and application
Solution Name Application

VoBB solution In the Huawei VoBB solution, the consolidation of the IMS and Internet is
implemented through the Internet service engine (ISE) and telecom service engine
(TSE). The ISE and TSE provide voice and video services over IP for users accessed
from fixed networks and wireless networks in broadband mode.

Convergent Based on the convergent telecommunications network and the convergent service platform, the
IMS convergent conference solution provides the convergent conference services including voice,
Conference
data, SD video, and HD video for subscribers.The IMS convergent conference solution meets the
Solution high experience requirement of users. That is, the IMS convergent conference solution allows users
to obtain the same and smooth service experience through any telecommunications terminals such
as the fixed-line phone, mobile phone, and PC at any time and in any places.

Integrated Centrex The convergent Centrex solution is an overall solution for business networks. Its main idea is to
overlay the existing PSTN or PLMN with an IMS network and to provide IP Centrex services for
Solution
subscribers in different networks through the anchoring function. The convergent Centrex solution
supports a combination of the IP Centrex service, the multimedia conference service, and the voice
mailbox service.

One Key Solution Huawei One Key service, which binds data cards with IMS services by integrating communications
service capabilities into the terminal software of the data cards, is designed for individual
subscribers and business personnel. The One Key service integrates various communications
resources such as voice calls, instant voice conferences, instant messages, short messages, groups
(phonebook), and presence, and constructs a brand-new communications solution for data card
subscribers.

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IMS solution networking and application
Solution Name Application

Iroaming Solution Iroaming solution is used for the interconnection between IMS and CS. In the iRoaming
solution, the CAS9900 is used to anchor CS-domain calls to the service platform of the
IMS domain for service triggering and provide the universal processing .

PES Solution The PES solution provides IMS voice services and supplementary services so that PSTN
users can enjoy IMS services equally.
PES （ PSTN/ISDN Emulation
Subsystem ）

PSS Solution The PSS solution provides PSTN voice services and supplementary services so that IMS
users can enjoy PSTN services equally.
PSS （ PSTN/ISDN Simulation
Subsystem ）

Huawei IMS+WiMAX The Huawei IMS+WiMAX solution provides the high speed Internet (HSI) service, voice
over IP (VoIP) service, and virtual private network (VPN) service, and supports various
Solution
IMS multimedia services such as the multimedia conference service and integrated Centrex
service.

Solution to Network This solution includes the Interworking with the PSTN/PLMN , Interworking with
CDMA2000 Phase2, and interworking with other network.
Interworking

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Structure of the O&M System

The OMS2600 provides a unified interface for the equipment in the session control layer and
bearer control layer of the Huawei IMS solution. The OMS2600 connects to the N2000/M2000.
N2000/M2000 can uplink to the upper level NMS or OSS through northbound interfaces .The
functions supported are as following:
 Resource Management
 Data Configuration Management
 Fault Management
 Trace Management
 Performance Management
 Security Management

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Huawei IMS Charging Solution

Type Application

Huawei IMS Offline Charging The Huawei IMS supports the offline charging mode for
Solution local subscribers and roaming subscribers.
Huawei IMS Online Charging In Huawei IMS, NEs including the CSC3300 and ATS9900
Solution provide the online charging function which is based on
credit control. They work with the OCS to provide the
online charging solution.
Charging Solution for the IMS Serving as the PCRF, the RM9000 provides the FBC policy
Bearer Layer function.

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 Chapter 2 IMS Network Structure

2.1 IMS Network Structure

2.2 IMS Network Elements

2.3 IMS Interfaces

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Huawei IMS equipment list
Layer Equipment Function
Service Layer ATS9900 It serves as a telephony application server (AS) and Integrated Centrex
AS entity.
MediaX3600 It provides services such as the call conference, video conference and
multimedia conference.
Messaging It provides services such as the instant message service, the offline
message service, and the short message service.
Group It provides functions such as backing up and downloading phonebook
information, and managing groups and contacts.
Presence It provides a service that notifies a subscriber of the online status of the
contacts.

Session CSC3300 It provides the function for

P-CSCF/I-CSCF/S-CSCF/BGCF/I-BCF/MRFC/OCS.
control &
HSS9820 It serves as an HSS.
media
resources layer MRP6600 It serves as the MRFP.
SoftX3000 It performs the access gateway control function (AGCF).

Access & RM9000 It provides the function for PDF 、 PCRF 、 SPDF/A-RACF.
bearer SE2300/SE2600 It provides the function for C-BGF （ including NAT ） and I-BGF.
controllayer AIM6300 It provides the function for CLF and NACF.

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Huawei IMS equipment list
Layer Equipment Function
Interworking layer UGC3200 It provides the integrated tandem office function, the integrated
gateway office function, the media gateway control function
(MGCF), and the IP multimedia service switching function (IM-
SSF).

UMG8900 It performs the functions of the IP multimedia media gateway

(IM-MGW) and interconnection border gateway function (I-BGF).

CAS9910 It performs the anchoring of CS-domain subscribers so that their

calls can be triggered to the IMS domain.

Operation support iCG9815 It performs the charging collection function (CCF).

layer It provides a standard service launch interface and a web portal.

SPG2800
N2000/M2000 It manages all equipment in the entire network when fixed
networks connect to the IMS.

OMS2600 It performs the operation and maintenance function and connects

to the N2000 or M2000.

Update Server It provides a function that enables a PC terminal to upgrade

automatically.

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Call Session Control Function (CSCF)

 CSCF can be divided into the following three types:

 P-CSCF (Proxy CSCF):
P-CSCF is the first connection point between IMS and subscribers. It provides
the proxy function, that is, accept service requests and forward them. Also, it can
provide the user agent (UA) function, that is, disconnect and create SIP sessions
in abnormal conditions.
 S-CSCF(Serving CSCF)
S-CSCF functions as a controlling part of IMS core network. It is responsible for
registry, authentication, and session control of UEs, performs the basic session
routing function of IMS subscribers (calling parties and called parties), triggers
value-added service routes to AS and performs service control interaction
according to the IMS trigger rules.
 I-CSCF(Interrogating CSCF)
I-CSCF is like a gateway node of CSCF. It provides such functions as allocating
server nodes, querying routes, and hiding inter-IMS topology.
 Physically, P-CSCF, S-CSCF, and I-CSCF can be combined. Actually, they must be
divided on the basis of IMS access mode, CSCF capacity and capability, traffic, and
so on.

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P-CSCF
 P-CSCF is an ingress of IMS domain, visit domain, and control plane. It transfers the visited
SIP messages (such as registry and multimedia session) to S-CSCF according to registered
record or I-CSCF according to the home domain name carried by SIP UA.
 P-CSCF can compress and decompress SIP messages between IMS SIP terminals to increase
the bandwidth utility of air interface.
 P-CSCF translates the SDP messages of user plane during the session setup process, performs
PDF interactions based on Diameter and QoS strategies, and notifies PDF of QoS bearer
requirements (such as bandwidth, time delay, and jitter level). Then, the PDF transfers the QoS
strategy to IP access convergence layer or edge router to perform the strategy through COPS. It
this way, it can provide the authentication and authorization functions for IP QoS resources of
local access netowork, and further to ensure the end-to-end QoS of IMS. Also, it can notify
PDF to release resources at the IP bearer and control planes.
 P-CSCF is responsible for generating CDRs related to IMS sessions, associating the access
network with IMS charging information, and sending CDRs to CCF through Diameter.
 P-CSCF serves as SIP UA to terminate sessions and generate SIP messages in abnormal
conditions.
Proxy

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S-CSCF
S-CSCF functions as a controlling part of IMS core network. It receives registry requests of IMS
subscribers forwarded by P-CSCF, performs authentication for IMS subscribers along with HSS,
download basic IMS subscription data from HSS, and performs the basic session routing
function of IMS subscribers (calling parties and called parties), evaluates the trigger rules of
IMS, and trigger the value-added service routes to SIP AS/IM-SSF/OSA SCS if conditions are
satisfied.
Registry and Authentication Control
 S-CSCF serves as the SIP Register of IMS subscribers. It registers its own address
information in HSS and obtains the IMS subscription data from HSS to provide support for
session trigger and subscription check.
 S-CSCF supports the IMS AKA authentication process. It verifies the validity of registered
subscribers and supports to obtain authentication set information from HSS, and save
unused authentication information.
Session Control
 S-CSCF serves as SIP UA to process session failures, notify failure reasons, and release
sessions.
 S-CSCF provides event information related to services to endpoints, such as announcement
notice, additional media resource, and charging notice.
 S-CSCF is responsible for generating CDRs related to IMS sessions and sending CDRs to
CCF through the Diameter.

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I-CSCF
I-CSCF is an ingress for home IMS networks of carriers.
 I-CSCF supports to assign an S-CSCF for a subscriber according to subscription
information and CSCF information.
 For the SIP sessions coming from S-CSCF or S-CSCF/I-CSCF, I-CSCF is responsible
for querying the S-CSCF routing address information of called IMS subscribers from
HSS, and sends the SIP sessions to the S-CSCF of the called party according to the
address information acknowledged by HSS.
 If an IMS session involves different carriers, I-CSCF can hide the network topology of
the carrier using I-CSCF by encrypting and decrypting SIP address information, that is,
support the THIG function. For the called IMS subscribers who are not registered, I-
CSCF can choose an S-CSCF temporarily for later routing process, such as forwarding to
CS or IMS voice mailbox.
 I-CSCF is responsible for generating CDRs related to IMS, and sending ACRs to CCF
through the Diameter.

Interrogate

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Home Subscriber Server (HSS)

HSS is an integrated database. It is used to save IMS subscriber

information, such as basic identification, routing information, and
subscription information. HSS is located as the top of IMS core
network. HSS is mainly used to save the following information:
 IMS subscriber identifications (public or private), numbers, and
addresses
 IMS subscriber security context, namely, authentication key for
network access
 IMS subscriber routing information (HSS supports the
subscriber registry, so it can save subscribers’ location
information.)
 IMS subscriber service information including the value-added
service data of other AS

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Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
 HSS can save IMS subscription information of carriers, and support carriers or end-
users to customize or modify the subscription information through the interface
connected to the service management system as well.
 HSS provides the Cx interface based on the Diameter protocol to connect I-CSCF. I-
CSCF can provide subscribers with the S-CSCF information through the Cx interface,
which is used as a proof that subscribers use S-CSCF. Also, HSS provides the service
of querying the routes of called parties for IMS subscribers, such as S-CSCF domain
name or address information.
 HSS can register the S-CSCF domain name and routing information through the Cx
interface during the IMS registry process, and support to download the IMS
subscription information to S-CSCF through the Cx interface as well.
 HSS can calculate authentication tuples according to subscriber security contexts, and
provide authentication tupels required by subscribers or networks to S-CSCF through
the Cx interface based on the Diameter protocol as well.
 HSS provides the Sh interface based on the Diameter protocol to connect SIP AS so as
to provide subscription information for value-added services. Also, HSS is responsible
for transparently storing AS’s value-added service data of special subscribers, but not
translating semantically.

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Application Server (AS)
Application server (AS) provides value-added services for IMS subscribers. It can be located in a home
network or provided by the third party.
 AS can be divided into three types (SIP AS, OSA AS, and IM-SSF). OSA AS communicates with
IMS network elements through the OSA service capability servers. IM-SSF provides the mapping
between IMS SIP and CS CAP and SSP trigger capability so that the VoIP subscribers of IMS
domain can seamlessly inherit CS intelligent services.

 AS can obtain the subscribers’

service data and subscribers’ status AS AS
information through the interface of SCIM
SIP
SIPApplication
HSS. SIP AS and OSA AS obtain Application
Server
Server

the data through the Sh interface Sh

ISC
based on the Diameter protocol.
OSA
OSAservice
service OSA
IM-SSF obtains the data through HSS
HSS SS-CSCF
-CSCF capability
capabilityserver
server
OSA
application
application
the Si interface based on the MAP. Cx ISC (SCS)
(SCS) server
server
OSA API
ISC
 Though the ISC interface between Si
S-CSCF and AS, AS can control IM
IM-SSF
-SSF OSA ： Open Services
services. MAP
CAP Architecture
Camel
CamelService
Service
Environment
Environment

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Other IMS Network Elements
 Subscription Locator Function (SLF)

If a carrier uses multiple HSSs, I-CSCF can obtain the HSS domain names of
subscription information through the SLF during the registry and transaction setup
process. It can be integrated with HSS.
 Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)

MGCF supports the interaction between IMS control plane and PSTN or PLMN CS,
supports the interaction between ISUP/BICC and SIP, and performs the RTP between
PSTN or CS TDM and IMS user plane through the IM-MGW based on the H.248.
 IMS-Media Gateway Function (IM-MGW)

IM-MGW performs wideband or narrowband bearer interoperation between IMS and

PSTN or CS user plane, and performs Codec coding and decoding function as well.
 Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF)

BGCF is configured according to interoperation rules for called number analysis. It

chooses MGCF for the calls from IMS to PSTN/CS so as to access the MGCF routes
automatically.

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Other IMS Network Elements
 Multimedia Resource Function Controller (MRFC)
MRFC can control the media resources of MRFP through the H.248, translate the AS SIP
resource control commands, convert these commands so that MRFP can recognize them,
and generating charging information.
 Multimedia Resource Function Processor (MRFP)
MRFP serves as a common network resource. It provides resource services under the
control of MRFC, such as media stream mix (multiparty session), multimedia play
(playing tone and streaming player), and media content translation (code conversion and
speech recognition).
 Domain Name System (DNS) and E.164 Number URI Mapping (ENUM) Server

DNS is used to translate URL addresses into IP addresses. DNS servers can be borrowed
from the Internet or created in the network. ENUM server is used to converting telephone
numbers into URLs. Generally, ENUM servers must be created by IMS carriers.
 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server

Based on the dynamic host configuration protocol, a DHCP server can designate the URL
address of P-CSCF to IMS terminal during the dynamic IP address allocation process.

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 Chapter 2 IMS Network Structure

2.1 IMS Network Structure

2.2 IMS Network Elements

2.3 IMS Interfaces

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Main Interfaces for interworking in the IMS

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Main Interfaces for interworking in the IMS

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IMS Main Interfaces
Interface Location and Function Protocol
Gm It is between IMS user terminals and the P-CSCF. It is used for the registration and session control of the IMS user. SIP

Mw It is used for the message communication and proxy forwarding between the CSCFs in the IMS registration and SIP
session flows.

Gq It is between the P-CSCF and the PDF. The P-CSCF informs the PDF of the current session and bearer related Diameter
information through the Gq interface. Therefore, the PDF can execute SBLP, interwork with PDFs in other backbone
networks, and find out the QoS guarantee path to the peer access network or interworking node.

Gq’ It is between the P-CSCF and the SPDF, and performs similar functions as the Gq interface. Diameter
Go It is used between the PDF and the GGSN to send QoS policies to the convergence node in the IP access network to COPS
execute policies.

Gx It is between the PCRF and PCEF. The PCRF sends instructions indicating the installation or removal of related Diameter
charging policies. The PCEF reports related bearer events to the PCRF.

Cx It is used to interact the following information between the CSCF and the HSS: Diameter
All the information required when the I-CSCF selects the S-CSCF

Information of the route from the CSCF to the HSS

Information related to roaming authorization that the CSCF obtains from the HSS

Security parameters that the CSCF downloads from the HSS and are required for the access authentication of IMS
subscribers
Subscription data of the IMS session filter that the HSS sends to the CSCF

Dx It is between the CSCF and the SLF. When the IMS operator has multiple HSS subscription databases, the Dx Diameter
interface is used for the CSCF to get from the SLF the address of the HSS that has the subscription data of the
subscriber being processed. When the operator has only one HSS (server array), this interface is not required .

Mg It is between the CSCF and the MGCF. Through the interface, the CSCF indirectly controls other non-IMS networks, SIP
such as the CS network, mobile 3G R4 network based on IP, and fixed NGN.

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IMS Main Interfaces
Interface Location and Function Protocol
Mj It is between the S-CSCF and the BGCF. Through the interface, the S-CSCF forwards session control signaling to SIP
the BGCF. Then the BGCF selects the MGCF required for interworking with the PSTN and 3G/2G CS network.
Mj It is between the BGCF and the MGCF. Through the interface, the BGCF transmits session control signaling to the SIP
MGCF when the IMS network interworks with the PSTN or PLMN.
Mk It is between the BGCFs. Through the interface, the BGCF in the same network with the calling S-CSCF forwards SIP
session control signaling to the BGCF in the same network with the interworking node MGCF.
Mm It is between the CSCF and other external non-IMS IP networks. Through the interface, the CSCF interworks with SIP
other IMS networks or non-SIP IMS networks.
Mr It is between the CSCF and the MRFC. Through the interface, the S-CSCF obtains related network resource services, SIP
such as announcements playing, digit collection, conference bridge, and video stream media.
Mx It is between the I-BCF and other entities such as the CSCF, AGCF and BGCF. It implements the interworking SIP
between the IMS and other packet networks.
ISC It is between the S-CSCF and the AS. According to the rules of triggering IMS subscription obtained from the HSS SIP
and the SIP service request sent from the IMS terminal, the S-CSCF decides whether to trigger the service, and then
directs the session to a specific AS for final processing of the value-added service.
Rf It is between the CCF and other entities such as the CSCF, MRFC, BGCF and AS, to implement the session related Diameter
offline charging.
Ro It is between the OCS and other entities such as the AS, MRFC, and OCG to implement session-related online Diameter
charging.
Rx It is between the PCRF and the AF to exchange session information in the application layer. The information is Diameter
required when the PCRF determines policies and charging control rules. The PCRF exchanges the determined
policies and charging control rules with the PCEF.
Sh It is between the HSS and the SIP AS or OSA-SCS. Through the interface, the AS queries the HSS to get the data Diameter
relevant to value-added service logic and synchronizes relevant data to the HSS.

Dh It is between the SLF and the AS or OSA-SCS. According to the given subscriber identity and home domain Diameter
information, the AS confirms the address of the HSS where the user data is located.

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IMS Main Interfaces
Interface Location and Function Protocol
BOSS It is between the HSS/AS and the business hall server and is used to transfer corresponding SOAP （ Simple Object
communication information. Access Protocol ）

Mn It is between the MGCF and the IM-MGW. Through the interface, the MGCF controls the interworking H.248
of the media streams on the IM-MGW, and the invoking of special resources.

Mp It is between the MRFC and the MRFP. Through the interface, the MRFC controls the announcement H.248 or SIP
playing, conference, and DTMF receiving and sending of the MRFP.

Mb It is between the IMS access network and the IPv6 network. Through the interface, the data on the IPv6
control plane and user plane in the IMS network can be transmitted over the IPv6 network.

Ut It is between UE and the AS. Terminal users can manage and customize service options on the AS HTTPS （ Hyper
through the interface. Text Transfer
Protocol Secure ）
e2 It is between the P-CSCF and the CLF. The P-CSCF obtains location information of fixed users through Diameter/SOAP
the interface.

e4 It is between the A-RACF and the CLF. The A-RACF obtains user configuration information through the Diameter
interface.

Rq It is between the SPDF and the A-RACF. The SPDF interacts with the A-RACF through the interface to Diameter
control QoS resources in the access network.

Ia It is used between the SPDF and the C-BGF to send QoS policies to the C-BGF so as to implement H.248
policies.

a1 It is between the NACF and the access network. The access network obtains such information as the IP DHCP
address of UE through the interface.

a2 It is between the NACF and the CLF. The NACF registers the association between the allocated IP Diameter
address and user identity to the CLF.

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Main Protocols
Protocol Location and Function
It is used to control calls between the CSCF and other entities such as the UE, AS, and MGCF.
SIP
It is used for NAT control between the CSCF and NAT network devices. It is also used for the policies between the
COPS
PDF and the GGSN to interact with each other.

It is used to exchange information between the CSCF and the HSS or PDF. It is also used to interact charging
Diameter
information between the CCF/OCS and the CSCF, MRFC, BGCF, MGCF or AS.

It is used to change an E.164 number to a SIP domain name between the CSCF and the ENUM server.
ENUM
It is used to change a domain name to an IP address between the CSCF/AS and the DNS server.
DNS
It is used to control messages between the MGCF and the MGW, and between the MRFC and the MRFP.
H.248
It is used for the NMS in the IMS to interwork with managed elements.
SNMP
It defines the IP address scheme of the next generation.
IPv6
It is used to protect network security between the UE and the CSCF and between security gateways.
IPsec
It is used to exchange information between the P-CSCF and the CLF, the NACF and the CLF, and between the AS and
SOAP
service Portal. The exchange is over the extensible mark-up language or the Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

It is used to support the time synchronization between the OMS2600 and the NTP server. So that all IMS equipment
NTP
can synchronize with each other.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 45

Questions

 Which network elements does IMS have? Please describe the

functions of each network element.
 Please list the interfaces between IMS network elements.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 46

Summary

Summary  IMS basic architecture

 IMS network elements’ functions and interfaces

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 47

 Chapter 1 IMS Background Knowledge and
Basic Concepts

Chapter 2 IMS Network Structure

Chapter 3 IMS Registry Process

Chapter 4 IMS Session Process

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 Chapter 3 IMS Registry Process

3.1 IMS Registry Concepts

3.2 Network Elements Involved in IMS Registry

3.3 Identification Modules

3.4 IMS Registry Process

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IMS Registry Concepts

 Registry means to store the IP addresses of UEs and the

bound relations with IMPU in IMS.
 Registry process includes UE authentication and network
authentication.

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IMS Registry Concepts

IMS authentication
quintuple:
- RAND
- AUTN*
- XRES*
- CK (->CKESP )
- IK ( ->IKESP )

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IMS Registry Concepts
Public User Service
Identity-1 Profile-1
Private User
Identity-1

Public User
Identity-2
Service
Private User Profile-2
Identity-2
Public User
Identity-3

IMS subscribers own two identities: IM private identity (IMPI) and IM public
identity (IMPU).
 An IMPI maps a physical terminal. It is used for UE authentication and network
authentication.
 An IMPU is an identity for paging.
 IMPU and IMPI is many-to-many relationship, namely, one IMPU can map many
IMPIs and one IMPI can map many IMPUs.
 IMPU, IMPI, and home network domain name are formed in SIP URI that has the
same format as E-mail, that is, username@domain name.

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 Chapter 3 IMS Registry Process

3.1 IMS Registry Concepts

3.2 Network Elements Involved in IMS Registry

3.3 Identification Modules

3.4 IMS Registry Process

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Network Elements Involved in IMS Registry Process

 CSCF
Call Session Control Function (CSCF) is divided into P-CSCF, I-CSCF,
and S-CSCF.
 HSS
Home Subscriber Server (HSS) is used to store subscriber data,
authentication quintuple of mobile subscribers, and other information.
 DNS
Domain Name System (DNS) is responsible for translating URI
addresses into IP addresses, and converting SIP URI of I-CSCF into IP
addresses of home network in an IMS network.
 AS
Application Server (AS) is used to provide value-added services for IMS
subscribers.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 54

 Chapter 3 IMS Registry Process

3.1 IMS Registry Concepts

3.2 Network Elements Involved in IMS Registry

3.3 Identification Modules

3.4 IMS Registry Process

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 55

 Identification
Modules

There are two identification modules in Universal Integration Circuit

Card (UICC): IP Service Identification Module (ISIM) and Universal
Subscriber Identification Module (USIM).
 ISIM is used to store IMS subscriber data, such as IMPI, IMPU,
home network domain name, and security key.
 USIM is used for PS domain. It can store security parameters,
IMSI, APN, and so on. If there is no ISIM, USIM can be used to
create a temporary IMPU.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 56

 Chapter 3 IMS Registry Process

3.1 IMS Registry Concepts

3.2 Network Elements Involved in IMS Registry

3.3 Identification Modules

3.4 IMS Registry Process

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 57

SIP Subscriber Registry Process
Home Network

Caller UE P-CSCF DNS I-CSCF S-CSCF HSS

1.REGISTER

2.1.DNS Query

2.2.DNS Query Resp

3.REGISTER 4.Cx-Query

5.Cx-Query Resp
6.REGISTER
7.Cx-Authentication

8.Cx-Authentication Resp
9.401 Unauthorized

10.401 Unauthorized

11.401 Unauthorized

12.REGISTER
13.DNS Query

14.DNS Query Resp

15.REGISTER

16.Cx-Query

17.Cx-Query Resp

18.REGISTER

19.Cx-Put
20.Cx-Put Resp

21.Cx-Pull

22.Cx-Pull Resp

24.200 OK 23.200 OK
25.200 OK
AS

26.REGISTER

27.200 OK

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IMS Registry Process

There are two phases for IMS registry process:

 The first registry request and response
Obtaining AV from HSS
 The second registry request and response
Obtaining the registered and unregistered IMPUs and charging
information from HSS

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IMS Registry Process
When the first registry request is initiated, UE carries the following parameters:
 IP address of UE
The IP address of UE is obtained by activating PDP contexts in PS domain. It is
used to bind IMPU during the registry process.
 IMPU
IMPU is obtained from the ISIM of UICC. It is used to bind the IP address of UE
during the registry process.
 IMPI
IMPI is obtained from the ISIM of UICC. It is used for authentication.
 IP address of P-CSCF
The IP address of P-CSCF is obtained by activating PDP contexts in PS domain. It
is used to find P-CSCF during the registry process.
 Home Network Domain Name
Home network domain name is formed in SIP URI. It is obtained from the ISIM of
UICC so that P-CSCF can find I-CSCF. Generally, the relationship of home
network domain name and I-CSCF is configured in DNS.

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IMS Registry Process

The first registry response involves the following authentication parameters:

 The authentication parameters obtained from HSS include IK, CK, AUTN,
RAND, and XRES.
 S-CSCF retains XRES for UE authentication and network authentication
and sends IK, CK, AUTN, and RAND to I-CSCF.
 I-CSCF forwards IK, CK, AUTN, and RAND to P-CSCF.
 P-CSCF retains IK, uses CK as IPSEC between UE and P-CSCF, and
sends AUTN and RAND to UE.
 UE verifies AUTN. Successful verification indicates that network
authentication succeeds. UE calculates RES based on RAND and share
key, sends it out for the second registry request, and compares it to XRES
in S-CSCF; thus, UE authentication proceeds.

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Questions

 Which network elements are involved in the registry process?

 Why the registry process is required?

 Which two identification modules does IMS have? Please give their
definitions.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 62

Summary

Summary  IMS registry concepts

 Network elements and identification
modules involved in IMS registry process
 IMS registry process

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 63

 Chapter 1 IMS Background Knowledge and
Basic Concepts

Chapter 2 IMS Network Structure

Chapter 3 IMS Registry Process

Chapter 4 IMS Session Process

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 64

 Chapter 4 IMS Session Process
4.1 IMS Session Concepts
4.2 Network Elements Involved in IMS Session Process
4.3 Route Difference Between IMS Session Process and IMS
Registry Process
4.4 Triggering IMS Services
4.5 Routes of IMS Session Process
4.6 IMS Session Process
4.7 Other Processes

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 65

IMS Session Concepts

 IMS session process refers to multimedia session between

calling UEs and called UEs.

 IMS session process includes media negotiation procedure

(such as media type and coding mode) and resource
reservation procedure of both parties.

 IMS session process requires application servers; however,

normal call flow does not require any application server.

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 Chapter 4 IMS Session Process
4.1 IMS Session Concepts
4.2 Network Elements Involved in IMS Session Process
4.3 Route Difference Between IMS Session Process and
IMS Registry Process
4.4 Triggering IMS Services
4.5 Routes of IMS Session Process
4.6 IMS Session Process
4.7 Other Processes

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Network Elements Involved in IMS Session Process
 P-CSCF
At the calling party side, it is the ingress for the calling UE. At the called party
side, it sends messages to the called UE.
 S-CSCF
At both the calling party side and the called party side, it is used for controlling
call sessions.
 I-CSCF
It is used for only the called party side. It is the ingress of the called network.
 AS
At both the calling party side and the called party side, it is used for achieving
IMS services.
 DNS
The S-CSCF of the calling party sends the IMPU of the called party to DNS.
DNS translates the home part of IMPU to obtain the I-CSCF address of the called
party.
 HSS
It is used for only the called party side. I-CSCF obtains the S-CSCF used by the
called party from HSS.

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 Chapter 4 IMS Session Process
4.1 IMS Session Concepts
4.2 Network Elements Involved in IMS Session Process
4.3 Route Difference Between IMS Session Process and
IMS Registry Process
4.4 Triggering IMS Services
4.5 Routes of IMS Session Process
4.6 IMS Session Process
4.7 Other Processes

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 Route Difference Between IMS Session Process and
IMS Registry Process

 IMS registry process

P-CSCF must find I-CSCF from DNS. I-CSCF obtains the S-
CSCF capability set from HSS so as to choose an S-CSCF.

 IMS session process

P-CSCF sends messages to S-CSCF directly. The S-CSCF
address information is recorded during the IMS registry process.

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 Chapter 4 IMS Session Process
4.1 IMS Session Concepts
4.2 Network Elements Involved in IMS Session Process
4.3 Route Difference Between IMS Session Process and IMS
Registry Process
4.4 Triggering IMS Services
4.5 Routes of IMS Session Process
4.6 IMS Session Process
4.7 Other Processes

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 Triggering IMS Services
 IMS service trigger is based on the Initial Filter Criteria (iFC) detection of subscriber data.
 The iFC is part of subscriber data stored in HSS. It is downloaded to the S-CSCF
allocated for the subscriber during the registry process.
 Based on different priorities, iFC defines the conditions and destination AS for
triggering IMS services. S-CSCF performs the iFC mapping detection when
processing the service request. If the conditions are satisfied, the service can be
triggered to the specified AS so that AS can control the service based on the given
service logic.

iFC

0….1

Trigger point AS

0….n 0….1

Service trigger point Service information

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Service Triggering Point

Service triggering point

SIP SIP message Session Session

URI request
method header situation description

Structure of service triggering point

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Multi-IFC Trigger

AS1 AS2 ASn

Detecting
Trigger Trigger Trigger Detection
trigger
condition 1 condition 2 condition n finished
conditions
S-CSCF

iFC trigger chain

Calling UE Called UE

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 Chapter 4 IMS Session Process
4.1 IMS Session Concepts
4.2 Network Elements Involved in IMS Session Process
4.3 Route Difference Between IMS Session Process and IMS
Registry Process
4.4 Triggering IMS Services
4.5 Routes of IMS Session Process
4.6 IMS Session Process
4.7 Other Processes

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Routes of IMS Session Process

AS HSS AS

UEA P-CSCF S-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF P-CSCF UEB

DNS

For the INVITE request, the UE can provide the following information:
 IMPU of the calling party
 IMPU of the called party (chosen from the phone book)
 IP address of P-CSCF (obtained by finding P-CSCF)
 IP address of S-CSCF (found during the registry process)

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Routes of IMS Session Process

Routes for request messages

 Calling UE to P-CSCF
UE obtains the IP address of P-CSCF so as to route to P-CSCF.
 P-CSCF (calling party) to S-CSCF (calling party)
UE and P-CSCF obtain the IP address of S-CSCF during the registry
process.
 S-CSCF (calling party) to I-CSCF (called party)
DNS translates the home part of IMPU of the called party
(“ sip:[email protected]”). S-CSCF at the calling party side receives
an IP address of I-CSCF that is sent by DNS.

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Routes of IMS Session Process

Routes for request messages

 I-CSCF (called party) to S-CSCF (called party)
I-CSCF is the ingress of the home network of called party. I-CSCF obtains the
IP address of S-CSCF from HSS during the registry process.
 S-CSCF (called party) to P-CSCF (called party)
S-CSCF at the called party side is informed of the IP address of P-CSCF
during the registry process. Note that S-CSCF at the called party acts as a
register to convert the SIP URI of the called UE to an IP address.
 P-CSCF (called party) to UE (called party)
P-CSCF sends messages to the called UE through the IP address of the called
UE.

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Routes of IMS Session Process

Routes for response messages

 In request messages, each network element records its own address in the
SIP messages to create routes for response messages.

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 Chapter 4 IMS Session Process
4.1 IMS Session Concepts
4.2 Network Elements Involved in IMS Session Process
4.3 Route Difference Between IMS Session Process and IMS
Registry Process
4.4 Triggering IMS Services
4.5 Routes of IMS Session Process
4.6 IMS Session Process
4.7 Other Processes

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 IMS Session Process
UE P-CSCF S-CSCF AS I-CSCF S-CSCF AS P-CSCF UE
1. INVITE (SDP 1) 3. INVITE 5.INVITE
2. 100 Trying 4.100 Trying 6.100 Trying
7.INVITE
8.100 Trying
9.INVITE 10. INVITE 13. INVITE
12.100 Trying 11.100 Trying 14.100 Trying
15. INVITE
16. 100 Trying
17. INVITE 19.INVITE

18.100 Trying

23. 183 Session 22. 183 Session 21. 183 Session 20.183 Session
Proceeding Proceeding Proceeding Proceeding
24.183 Session SDP 1 response
Proceeding
27. 183 Session 26. 183 Session
25. 183 Session
Proceeding Proceeding
Proceeding
28.PRACK(SDP 2) 29. PRACK 30.PRACK

31. PRACK

32.PRACK 33.PRACK
Resource
34.PRACK
reservation 41.200 OK 36. PRACK
35. PRACK
38.200 OK
42.200 OK 37. 200 OK
39. 200 OK Resource
45.200 OK 44.200 OK 43.200 OK reservation
40. 200 OK

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 IMS Session Process
UE P-CSCF S-CSCF AS I-CSCF S-CSCF AS P-CSCF UE
1.UPDATE(SDP 3)
2. UPDATE 3.UPDATE

4. UPDATE
5.UPDATE
6.UPDATE
7.UPDATE

8.UPDATE 9.UPDATE

11.200 (OK) 10. 200 (OK)

12.200 (OK)

14.200 (OK)
13.200 (OK)

20.180 (RING) 19.180 (RING)

15. 200 (OK)

21.180 (RING)
18.200 (OK) 17.200 (OK) 16.200 (OK)

24. 180 (RING) 23.180 (RING) 22.180 (RING)

25.180 (RING)

26.180 (RING)

28.180 (RING) 27. 180 (RING)

34.PRACK
29.PRACK 30.PRACK
31. PRACK
35. PRACK
32.PRACK
37. PRACK
33. PRACK 36. PRACK

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IMS Session Process
UE P-CSCF S-CSCF AS I-CSCF S-CSCF AS P-CSCF UE
2.200(OK) 1.200(OK)

3. 200(OK)

5.200(OK)
4.200(OK)

6.200(OK)

11.200(OK) 10.200(OK)
9.200(OK) 8.200(OK)
7.200(OK)

12.200(OK)

15.200(OK) 14.200(OK) 13.200(OK)

16.200(OK)

19.200(OK) 18.200(OK) 17.200(OK)

20.ACK 22.ACK
21.ACK
26.ACK

23.ACK
27.ACK
24.ACK 25.ACK
28.ACK 29.ACK

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 Chapter 4 IMS Session Process
4.1 IMS Session Concepts
4.2 Network Elements Involved in IMS Session Process
4.3 Route Difference Between IMS Session Process and IMS
Registry Process
4.4 Triggering IMS Services
4.5 Routes of IMS Session Process
4.6 IMS Session Process
4.7 Other Processes

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 84

 Other Processes
 Request and Response
 Media Negotiation
 Resource Reservation

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Response Status Code

Response status codes can be divided into the following six types:
 1XX refers to temporary response. It indicates that the request is received and
the receiver is processing the request.
 2XX refers to successful response. It indicates that the request is received,
recognized, and accepted successfully.
 3XX refers to redirection response. It indicates that the requester needs to take
further actions to complete the request.
 4XX refers to response error at the client side.
 5XX refers to response error at the server side.
 6XX refers to global response failure. It indicates that the request cannot be
satisfied on any server so that the response server must be informed of the
accurate subscriber information.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 86

100 Trying

INVITE request retransmission and 100 trying response

 When a calling party calls a called party, the multimedia session is set
up through the INVITE request.
 The calling party sends the INVITE request, sets a timer, and then waits
for the response of the called party. If the timer is time out, the calling
party must resends an INVITE request.
 To ensure that the calling party does not send the INVITE request
repeatedly, the retransmission mechanism is adopted so that the next
network element sends the 100 trying response to the previous network
element. In this way, the INVITE request is resent by the next element.
 I-CSCF is responsible for only forwarding messages, not resending
INVITE messages.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 87

100 Trying

Network Element 1 Network Element 2 Network Element 3

INVITE

100 Trying
INVITE

100 Trying

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 88

183 Session Proceeding Response

183 Session Proceeding Response Sent by the Called UE

 If the called UE sends the 183 Session Proceeding response, it is

an indication that the session setup process is initiated but the
called UE is not informed.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 89

PRACK Request

PRACK Request Sent by the Calling UE

 To ensure that the called UE knows the calling UE has received
the 183 Session Proceeding response, the calling UE must send
the PRACK request.
 Differences between ACK request and PRACK request
 ACK response is sent only for INVITE requests.
 PRACK request is sent for 183 Session Proceeding responses.
After receiving a PRACK request, the called UE must send a
200 OK response.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 90

PRACK Response

Network Element 1 Network Element 2 Network Element 3

PRACK
PRACK

200 OK
200 OK

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 91

 Other Processes
 Request and Response
 Media Negotiation
 Resource Reservation

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 92

Media Negotiation

 During the session setup process, the media type and coding
scheme of the calling UE must be consistent with that of the called
UE. Therefore, the SDP request and response are used for media
negotiation.
 The media type to be negotiated by the calling UE and the called
UE can be video, audio, text, chat, and so on.
 Each media type matches multiples coding schemes. For example:
PCMU, G.726, Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) are
applicable to audios. MPV and H.262 are applicable to videos.
 The media type and coding scheme must be negotiated by the
calling UE and the called UE.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 93

Media Negotiation (Example)
Calling UE Called UE

INVITE: SDP 1 provides the video (MPV and H.262) and audio (PCMU,
G.726, AMR-WB).

183 Session Proceeding: SDP 1 responses that video and audio (PCMU
and G.726) are not supported.

PRACK: SDP 2 provides the audio (PCMU).

200 OK: SDP 2 responses that the audio (PCMU) is confirmed.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 94

 Other Processes
 Request and Response
 Media Negotiation
 Resource Reservation

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 95

Resource Reservation

 To ensure that a media session can be set up, the air interface must
allocate resources for the calling UE and the called UE. The media
session cannot be set up until the air interface reserves resources
successfully.
 Generally, resources can be reserved after the media type and
coding scheme are confirmed through the negotiation of SDP
provision and response.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 96

Resource Reservation
Calling UE Called UE

INVITE: SDP 1 provides the expected media type and all coding schemes.

183 Session Proceeding: SDP 1 responses the supported media type and coding
schemes.
PRACK: SDP 2 provides the media type and coding scheme negotiated by the
calling UE and the called UE.
Resource
Reservation
200 OK: SDP 2 responses that the media type and coding scheme are
confirmed.

UPDATE: SDP 3 provides that the resource reservation for the calling UE is
complete. Resource
200 OK: SDP 3 responses that the resource reservation for the called UE is Reservation
complete.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 97

Resource Reservation for the Calling UE (Start and End)

Resource Reservation for the Calling UE (Start and End)

 When the calling UE sends the PRACK request, it is an indication
that the resource reservation is initiated.
 When the calling UE sends the UPDATE request, it is an indication
that the resource reservation is complete.
 Prerequisites for sending the UPDATE request:
 The resources for the calling UE are reserved successfully.
 After sending the PRACK request, the calling UE receives the
200 OK response sent by the called UE.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 98

Resource Reservation for the Called UE (Start and End)

Resource Reservation for the Called UE (Start and End)

 After the called UE receives the PRACK request sent by the calling UE
and the called UE sends the 200 OK response, it is an indication that the
resource reservation is initiated.
 The called UE does not ring until the resources of the calling UE and the
called UE are reserved successfully.
 When the called UE receives the UPDATE request sent by the
calling UE, it is an indication that the resources of the calling UE
are reserved successfully.
 The resources of the called party are reserved successfully.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 99

Summary

Summary  Basic concepts of IMS session process

 Routes for an IMS session

 Media negotiation and resource reservation

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 100

Questions

 Which network elements are involved in an IMS session process?

 Please specify the 100 Trying, 183 Session Proceeding, and PRACK.
 Please describe the media negotiation and resource reservation.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 101

 Call Flow
UE P-CSCF S-CSCF AS I-CSCF S-CSCF AS P-CSCF UE
INVITE （ SDP 1 ） INVITE INVITE
100 Trying 100 100 Trying
Trying INVITE
100 Trying
INVITE INVITE INVITE
100 Trying 100 Trying 100 Trying
INVITE
100 Trying
INVITE INVITE

100 Trying

183 Session Proceeding 183 Session Proceeding 183 Session Proceeding 183 Session Proceeding

183 Session Proceeding SDP 1 response

183 Session Proceeding 183 Session Proceeding 183 Session Proceeding

PRACK(SDP 2) PRACK PRACK

PRACK

PRACK PRACK
Resource PRACK PRACK PRACK
Reservation
200 OK 200 OK
200 OK Resource
200 OK 200 OK 200 OK
200 OK Reservation

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 102

 Call Flow
UE P-CSCF S-CSCF AS I-CSCF S-CSCF AS P-CSCF UE
1.UPDATE(SDP 3)
2. UPDATE 3.UPDATE

4. UPDATE
5.UPDATE
6.UPDATE
7.UPDATE

8.UPDATE 9.UPDATE

11.200 (OK) 10. 200 (OK)

12.200 (OK)

14.200 (OK)
13.200 (OK)

20.180 (RING) 19.180 (RING)

15. 200 (OK)

21.180 (RING)
18.200 (OK) 17.200 (OK) 16.200 (OK)

24. 180 (RING) 23.180 (RING) 22.180 (RING)

25.180 (RING)

26.180 (RING)

28.180 (RING) 27. 180 (RING)

34.PRACK
29.PRACK 30.PRACK
31. PRACK
35. PRACK
32.PRACK
37. PRACK
33. PRACK 36. PRACK

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 103

 Call Flow
UE P-CSCF S-CSCF AS I-CSCF S-CSCF AS P-CSCF UE
200 (OK) 200 (OK)

200 (OK)

200 (OK)
200 (OK)

200 (OK)

200 (OK) 200 (OK)

200 (OK) 200 (OK)
200 (OK)

200 (OK)

200 (OK) 200 (OK) 200 (OK)

200 (OK)

200 (OK) 200 (OK) 200 (OK)

ACK ACK
ACK
ACK

ACK
ACK
ACK ACK
ACK ACK

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 104

Interoperation of IMS and PSTN/PLMN

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 105

Thank You
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