ICT

QR CODES
Done by:Zainab Moh’d
9H
2.2.6 Quick response (QR) code scanners
(readers)
● Another type of barcode is the quick response (QR) code. This is made up of
amatrix of filled-in dark squares on a light background. For example, the QR code

● in Figure 2.26 is a website advertising rock music merchandise. It includes a web

● QR codes can hold considerably more information than the more conventional
barcodes.
 Description of QR codes
● A QR code consists of a block of small squares (light and dark) known as pixels.
It can presently hold up to 4296 characters (or up to 7089 digits) and allows
internet addresses to be encoded within the QR code. This compares to the 30
digits which is the maximum for a barcode. However, as more and more data is
added, the structure of the QR code becom43
The three large squares at the corners of the code function as a form of
alignment; the remaining small corner square is used to ensure the correct size
and correct angle of the camera shot when the QR code is read.

● The three large squares at the corners of the code function as a form of
alignment; the remaining small corner square is used to ensure the correct size
and correct angle of the camera shot when the QR code is read.
Because of modern smartphones and tablets, which allow internet access on the
move, QR codes can be scanned anywhere. This gives rise to a number of uses:
» advertising products (for example, the QR code in Figure 2.26)
» giving automatic access to a website or contact telephone number
» storing boarding passes electronically at airports and train stations
(Figure 2.27)

2.2 Direct data entry (DDE) devices

» Point the phone or tablet camera at the QR code.

» The apps will now process the image taken by the camera converting the squares into readable data.

» The browser software on the mobile phone or tablet automatically reads the data generated by the
apps; it will also decode any web addresses contained within the QR code.

» The user will then be sent to a website automatically (or if a telephone number was embedded in the code, the user will
be sent to the phone apps

» If the QR code contained a boarding pass, this will be automatically sent to the phone/tablet
 Uses of QR codes
» Used in advertising to contain data such as business addresses, phone numbers, email addresses and website addresses;
scanning the QR code gives all the necessary data on the smartphone screen, or the user is sent automatically to the
website embedded in the QR code.

» Contain links to apps (for example, they can be found in app stores to enable the appropriate apps to be quickly
downloaded onto a user’s device).

» Wi-Fi authentication; QR codes can be used to store Wi-Fi network authentication (proof of identity) details, including
passwords and type of encryption used – when the QR code is scanned using a smartphone/tablet, it will be able to
automatically join that network.

» QR codes can be used to deliver augmented reality (see Chapter 1)experiences, by helping an AR system to determine
the positions of objects in three-dimensional space.

» QR codes have been used to establish virtual online stores, where a gallery ofproduct information and QR codes are
presented to the customer, for example, on a train station wall. The customers scan the QR codes, and the productsare
automatically delivered to their homes
 Advantages of QR Dis-Advantages of QR
codes codes
» They can hold much more information than normal barcode
» There will be fewer errors than with barcodes; the higher data » More than one QR format is available.
capacity of the QR code allows the use of built-in error-
checking systems; normal barcodes contain almost no data » QR codes can be used to transmit malicious codes; known as
redundancy (that is, data which is duplicated) therefore it is at tagging.
not possible t guard against badly printed or damaged Because there are a large number of free apps available to a user
barcodes for generating QR codes, that means anyone can do this. It
» QR codes are easier to read; they do not need expensive laser or is relatively easy to write malicious code and embed this
LED (light within the QR code. When the code is scanned, it is
emitting diode) scanners like barcodes – they can be read by the possible the creator of the malicious code could gain
cameras used access to everything on the user’s smartphone/tablet (for
on smartphones and tablets. example, photographs, address book, stored passwords,
» It is easy to transmit QR codes either as text messages or images. etc.). The user could also be sent to a fake website, or it is
» It is also possible to encrypt QR codes, which gives them greater even possible for a virus to be downloaded
protection
than traditional barcodes.
THANK
YOU