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Andriod

Chapter 4
The iphone

Mobile Computing

MyVu Portable projectors

1
The iPad
 Chapter Outline

• Definition
• Trends of computing
• Mobile devices
• Mobile computing issues & Challenges
• Mobile computing applications & platforms
• Mobile OS

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 What is computing?

The activity of performing computations.

OR
Computing can also be defined as the activity of using computer
hardware and software for some purpose .

3
 Size
Computing Trend

Number One Computer for One

Person
One Computer for Many Many Computer for One
People (PC Computing) Person
(Mainframe Computing) (Pervasive Computing)

1960’s 1980’s 2000’s

 Existing computing paradigms
Personal
Parallel
Computing
Computing

u te d
i st r ib u per ng
D u ting S pu ti
o m p Com
C

Mobile Cloud
Computing Computing

m ic
Perv n o g
a to n
Com sive Au puti
puti m
ng Co
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 …con’t
Personal computing system
– refers to the use of personal computers
for Computation.
Characterized by
– Local software installation,
– Local system maintenance
– Customizable to user needs
– Very low utilization

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 …con’t
Distributed computing :
– refers to the use of distributed systems to solve computational
problems.
Distributed system
– consists of multiple autonomous computers that communicate
through a computer network.
– it appears to its users as a single coherent system.

7
 …con’t
• Distributed computing
example: surfing the web from
different terminals on
university .
• Each web page consists of
hypertext, pictures, movies and
elements anywhere on the
internet

8
 Distributed computing…
Distributed systems are characterized by:
remote information access (Message passing )
High availability (replication , mirrored execution, ...)
fault tolerance (atomic transactions, consistency …)
Security

9
 Computing Paradigms…
Parallel Computing
– Calculations of large problems are divided into smaller parts and
carried out simultaneously /concurrently on different processors.
Characterized by
– Shared memory (to exchange information between processors)

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Parallel Computing

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 …con’t
What is Mobile Computing?
 Mobile
 Able to move freely.
 usually Wireless is need to move freely .
 Computing
 The activity of performing computations.
A simple answer =>
• Performing computation in mobile units

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 Mobile Computing
• Using:
– small size portable computers, hand-held and other small wearable devices,
• To run stand-alone applications (or access remote applications) via:
– wireless networks: IR, Bluetooth, W-LANs, Cellular, W-Packet Data networks, SAT.
etc.
• By:
– nomadic or mobile users (animals, agents, trains, cars, cell phones, ….)
• Three basic components
 Networks: communication
 Devices and computing units :mobile
 Applications : Computation
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 Computing Paradigms…
Pervasive/ Ubiquitous computing
is about the invisible and everywhere (every time) computing
– Ubiquitous= “seeming to be in all places”
– Pervasive= “present or noticeable in every part of a thing or place”

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 Pervasive computing …
Characteristics
 Invisible: tiny, embedded, attachable…
 Everywhere: wireless, dynamically configurable, remote access,
adapting, …

“It is about making computers so embedded, so fitting, so natural that we

use them without even thinking about them.”

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 Pervasive computing Example
• A simple example is the automatic adjustment of heating,
cooling and lighting levels in a room based on an occupant’s
profile.
• refrigerators "aware" of their suitably tagged contents, able to
both plan a variety of menus from the food actually on hand,
and warn users of stale or spoiled food.

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 Pervasive computing
Characterized by :
Context Awareness (physical location, physiological
state, emotional state,….. distraction-free)
Ad-hoc Networks
Smart Spaces,(equipped with visual and audio sensing
systems )

Smart Sensors, Wearable…

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 Cloud Computing
• “Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access,
and storage services that do not require end-user knowledge of
the physical location and configuration of the system that
delivers the services.”
• Cloud computing characteristics: Agility, Reduced Cost,
Device And Location Independence, On-demand Scalability
And Performance

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 Cloud Computing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cloud_computing.svg
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 Mobile Devices
• A mobile device (handheld device, handheld computer) is a
pocket-sized computing device, typically having a display
screen with touch input or a miniature keyboard.

• Due to the rapid advancement of the technology its hard to

make a specific classifications of mobile devices.

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Different types of mobile devices
• Laptop
– Notebook
– Netbook
– Ultra-Mobile PC
• Communication devices
– pager
– Smartphone
– PDA &Pocket PC
– cell phone
– Cordless phone
• Tablet PC
• E-book readers
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Laptops, Notebook, & Netbooks

Laptops: 1991
Notebooks: 1996
Netbooks: 2006

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 Mobile devices…
• Laptop in general
– is a small personal computer designed for portability.
– Usually all of the interface hardware(ports, graphics card, sound
channel, etc.,) are built in to a single unit.
– Contain batteries that can power the device for some periods of
time.
– upgrade is usually difficult/impossible. ( Keyboard / display)

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 Laptop…
Notebook
• Screen -(10” and above)
• Purpose- (multi- purpose)
• Weight – (light)
• Computing power (high )
– heavy multi-tasking loads e.g. creating and editing HD video or
computer aided engineering SWs.
– contain high capacity batteries.

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 Laptop…
Netbook
• Screen -(7”-10”)
• Purpose
– (limited,.. internet, basic applications)
• Weight – (very light)
• Computing power (low )
– Used for basic applications. E.g. Office applications
– Longer battery life.

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 Laptop…
Ultra mobile-pcs (UMPCs)
• Screen -(4”-7”)
• Purpose
– (very limited,…, Internet, view info)
• Weight –(very very light)
• Computing power (very low )
– Used for basic applications. E.g. Office applications
– Longer battery life.
• UMPCs are pocketable!
• reduced specification (lack CD-drive, LAN )
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 Communication devices…
• Pager
• Beeper
– because of the sound it made
• Voice Tone Pagers
– Recorded Voice message.
• Numeric Pagers
– can display up to twenty digits at a time.
• Alphanumeric Pagers
– modified versions of numeric pagers with
sophisticated display to accommodate text

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 Communication devices…
• Two-way Alphanumeric pagers
– are alphanumeric pagers capable of both sending &
receiving text messages.
• Still used in
• emergency services .fire & police stations.
• large hospital complex, where cellular coverage is
often weak or nonexistent
• Fancy Restaurant( waiting staff )

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 Communication devices…
Mobile phone/cell phone
• Provides
– voice communications,
– Short Message Service (SMS),
– Multimedia Message Service (MMS),
• newer phones also provide
– Internet services
• Web browsing, instant messaging capabilities &
• e-mail.

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 Communication devices…
PDA: Personal Digital Assistant
– designed primarily to provide the functionality of
maintaining appointments, tasks, contacts, etc.
– usually pen-based,(use a stylus rather than a keyboard for
input)
• Today PDAs function as a
– cellular phone, fax sender, Web browser and personal
organizer.
• Traditional PDAs have not had phone or fax services
• Pocket PC: A type of PDA/smart phone which runs
Windows Mobile as its operating system.
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Smart Phones

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 Communication devices…
Smart phone
• traditional PDA + cellular phone
– combines standard phone features,
such as making and receiving phone calls,
with computer functionality.
• Incorporates
– Wi-Fi access, email, calendars and
– GPS
• let you store information & install programs
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 Smart phone Functionality
• Voice calls (of course), Video calls
• Local File Storage
• Internet/Cloud Services
• Office Computing
• eBook Reader
• Multimedia Player
• Digital Audio/Video Recorder
• Location Based Services
• Context awareness 33
 Communication devices…
• Cordless telephone
is a telephone with a wireless
handset that communicates
via radio wave with base station
connected to a fixed telephone line

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 Mobile devices…
Tablet PC
– portable personal computer equipped with a touch
screen as a primary input device and designed to
be operated and owned by an individual.
– use virtual keyboards and handwriting
recognition for text input through the touch screen.
– Tablet PCs also can be connected to a full-size
keyboard and monitor

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 …con’t
• Two main types of tablet PCs:
• Convertible -look a lot like normal laptops except the screen can
be rotated all the way around and laid down flat across the
Keyboard.
• Slate- looks like a flat screen without a keyboard

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 Tablet PC…
• advantage
– Great mobility
– Save money
• stationer costs stays in your pocket
– digital ink
• record your handwriting and drawings

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 Mobile devices…
• E-book reader
– portable electronic device that
is designed primarily for the purpose
of reading digital books and publication.
Support
- Text to Speech
- Internet Capabilities( Wi-Fi ,3G)

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 Mobile computing application
• Transport
– position and tracking via GPS
– prevent accidents, navigation system.
– Tourist navigation

• Emergencies/ Disaster relief

– early transmission of patient data to the hospital, current status, first
diagnosis.
– earthquakes, hurricanes, fire etc.

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 Mobile computing application…
• Business
– M-Commerce: mobile E-commerce /shopping …
– M-Banking: offer mobile access to financial and account information.
– Advertising: using SMS is becoming very popular in our country.
– Traveling salesperson
• Entertainment, education
– outdoor Internet access
– multi user games
– M-learning : E-learning
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Dashen bank
• The first mobile
Banking service in
Ethiopia

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 Mobile computing application…
• Location aware
– find services in the local environment, e.g. printer
– nearest cash ATM/ shop / restaurant/hotel
• Web access & Communication
– outdoor Internet access
– Electronic Mail
– Chatting
• Application Services in general
– push: e.g., breaking news info
– pull: e.g., nearest cash ATM
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 NextBus: Customer Service

• The Problem
– Buses in San Francisco have difficulty keeping to 20
minute schedule during rush hours
– Posted schedule becomes meaningless
• The Solution
– Bus riders carrying Internet-enabled cell phone or
PDA helps:
• Find estimated arrival time at each stop, digitally in real time
• Soon location-based advertisements will pop up—you have time to
get a cup of coffee before the bus arrives—Starbuck’s is 200 feet to
the right 43
 NextBus (cont.)
• The Results
– Passengers in San Francisco are happy with the
system
• Worries about missing the bus are diminished
• May discover they have time for a cup of coffee before
the bus arrives
– Bus company can:
• Schedule better
• Arrange for extra buses when needed
• Improve operations

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NextBus Operational Model

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 Activity
• State one mobile application idea that you will develop as your
course project .

• Start thinking about What you will do ?

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 Comparison to Wired Net.
• Wired Networks • Mobile Networks
- high bandwidth - low bandwidth
- low bandwidth variability - high bandwidth variability
- can listen on wire - hidden terminal problem
- high power machines - low power machines
- high resource machines - low resource machines
- need physical - need proximity
access(security) - higher delay
- low delay
- disconnected operation
- connected operation

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 Home work
• Read about
– Microsoft Surface

– The sixth Sense by MIT

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 Mobile OS
• is the operating system that controls a mobile
device similar in principle to an operating
system such as Windows, Mac OS, or Linux
that controls a desktop computer or laptop.

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Types of Mobile OS

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 Types of Mobile OS
• Symbian
– Market share(2010): 37.6%( #1 )
– License : open source
– Company: Nokia.
– CPU Architecture: ARM
– Programmed in: C++
– Application store: Symbian Horizon,Ovistore(10000+)
– Package manager: Nokia Ovi Suite
– Other: multi-touch, easily affordable cost

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 Symbian (Nokia)
• Pros
– Massive global reach
• Leads WW market with 62% of smartphone traffic
– being open source could help accelerate pace of
innovation
• Issues
– Limited reach in the US
– Application distribution more difficult today vs.
iPhone’s app store
– Manufacturer dependent
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 Types of Mobile OS
• Android
– Market share(2010): 22.7%
– License : open source
– Company: Open Handset Alliance(Google).
– CPU Architecture: ARM, x86
– Programmed in: C, C++, Java
– Application store: Android market(100,000+)
– Package manager: APK
– Other: multi-touch, Linux

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 Android (Google)
• Pros:
– Open source => accelerate pace of
innovation
– Manufacturer-independent => could help
accelerate consumer adoption
– Technology support (e.g., touchscreen, GPS,
accelerometer, video and still cameras)

• Issues:
– Late to market relative to iPhone
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 Accelerometer
• “An accelerometer is a device that measures the proper acceleration of
the device.
• This is not necessarily the same as the coordinate acceleration (change
of velocity of the device in space), but is rather the type of acceleration
associated with the phenomenon of weight experienced by a test mass
that resides in the frame of reference of the accelerometer device.
• For an example of where these types of acceleration differ, an
accelerometer will measure a value when sitting on the ground,
because masses there have weights, even though they do not change
velocity. However, an accelerometer in gravitational free fall toward
the center of the Earth will measure a value of zero because, even
though its speed is increasing, it is in an inertial frame of reference, in
which it is weightless.”
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Gyroscope
• A gyroscope is a device for
measuring orientation, based on
conservation of angular momentum.
• 2010: $5, based on
MEMS technology
• a single part with gyroscopic sensors
and an accelerometer
• output up to six full degrees of
freedom.

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Proximity sensor
• A proximity sensor detects the
presence of nearby objects
without physical contact

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 Sensors
• Ambient Light Sensor
• 3D Accelerometer
• Proximity Sensor
• Temperature and Pressure Sensor

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 Types of Mobile OS
• BlackBerry RIM OS
– Market share(2010): 16.0%
– License : Proprietary
– Company: Research in motion (RIM).
– CPU Architecture: ARM
– Programmed in: Java
– Application store: Blackberry App World(30000+)
– Package manager: Blackberry Desktop Manager
– Other: not multi-touch, push email service

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 BlackBerry OS (RIM)
• Pros:
– Large reach and data-hungry user base
• Leads US market with 31% of smartphone traffic
• #3in WW market with 11% of smartphone traffic
– Developers not limited to single distribution channel
• Issues:
– Less Developer momentum
– Application distribution more difficult today vs.
iPhone’s app store
– Users more email focused vs. web consuming iPhone
users
– RIM / hardware dependent

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 Types of Mobile OS
• Apple iOS
– Market share(2010): 15.7%
– License : Proprietary
– Company: Apple.
– CPU Architecture: ARM
– Programmed in: C, C++, Objective-C
– Application store: Apple App Store(300,000+)
– Package manager: iTunes
– Other: Mac OS X, multi-touch, for iphone ,ipod
touch ipad, Apple Tv only
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 iPhone OS (Apple)
• Pros:
– Strong user growth and data-hungry user base
• More than 10 million iPhones sold
– Application store creating a vibrant app ecosystem
with great momentum
• More than 3K applications (~20% free)
• More than 1 million downloads
– Powerful technology (e.g., multi-touch, GPS,
accelerometer)
• Issues:
– App approval process is largely a black-box to developers
– Apps viewed as competitive to Apple are often shut down
– App store is the only authorized distribution channel
– Apple / hardware dependent
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 Types of Mobile OS
• Windows Mobile
– Market share(2010): 4.2%
– License : Proprietary
– Company: Microsoft.
– CPU Architecture: ARM
– Programmed in: C++
– Application store: Windows Marketplace for
Mobile
– Package manager: Windows Mobile Device
Center/ ActiveSync
– Other: multi-touch, Windows CE 64
 Windows Mobile
• Pros
– Strong user reach
• #2 in US market with 30% of smartphone traffic
– Manufacturer independent
– >18K apps
– Windows Mobile 7 support refurbish UI and multi-
touch
• Issues
– Less developer enthusiasm vs. that for iPhone and
Android
– Application distribution more difficult today vs.
iPhone’s app store
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 Types of Mobile OS
• Others
– Palm OS- mobile operating system initially developed by Palm
– webOS – Mobile operating system from HP/Palm
– Bada - Mobile operating system developed by Samsung Electronics
– MeeGo OS – from Nokia and Intel (open source, GPL)

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 Developer Resources
– AdMob metrics (http://www.admob.com/s/solutions/metrics)
• Metrics
– Opera State of the Mobile Web Report (
http://www.opera.com/mobile_report/)
• Mobile OS introductions / summaries
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_OS
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone_OS
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mobile
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Android
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_OS
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 More on Mobile OS
• Comparison / analysis
– http://www.brighthand.com/default.asp?newsID=
14142
– http://www.osnews.com/story/20329/SDK_Shoot-
Out_Android_vs_iPhone
– http://weblog.infoworld.com/fatalexception/archi
ves/2008/09/sdk_shootout_an.html
– http://www.alleyinsider.com/2008/10/iphone-app
-store-s-brutal-reality-get-viral-or-don-t-quit-your-
day-job

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 Mobile Computing issues &
Challenges
• Location issues
• Connection Quality
• Device limitations
• Active transaction
• Security risks
• Wide variety terminals and devices with different capabilities

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 Challenges
• Location
– Device location is always changing
– Mobility: challenges and opportunities
– Localization & Location sensitivity

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 Location…
• Localization is the ability of the architecture of the mobile application to
accommodate logic that allows the selection of different business logic,
level of work flow, and interfaces based on a given set of location
information commonly referred to as locales.
• E.g Location in Ethiopia currency ETB , TAX… e-commerce Web sites
are able to take into account the different taxation rules depending on the
locale of the sale and the location of the purchase.
• Location sensitivity is the ability of the device and the software
application to first obtain location information while being used and then
to take advantage of this location information in offering features and
functionality.
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 Colleting location
• Methods for collecting location are:
– Prompt the user to select the location
– Using the device( GPS, signal strength and triangulation can be used
to come up with some approximate location information, depending
on the cellular network)
• Techniques
– Triangulation
– Proximity
– scene analysis

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 Location…
 Location Dependent Services
 Discovery: What services exist in my local environment?
 e.g., printers, file and compute services, special local
 applications, etc.
 Follow me services: “Route calls to my current location,”
 “Migrate my workstation desktop to the nearest workstation screen”
 Information services:
 » Broadcast/“push” information (e.g., “Flight 59 will depart from Gate 23”)
 » “Pull” information (e.g., “What gate will Flight 59 depart from?”)
 Service migration: computations, caches, state, etc.
 Follow mobile device as it moves through the network
 Privacy: what applications can track user locations?

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 Location-Based Applications (LBAs)
• Examples:
Location-based recommendations, geo-tagging
GeoLife: shopping list when near a grocery store
TrafficSense: real-time traffic conditions
Fieldworker assistant

• Location expresses context of user

– Facilitates content delivery

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78
 Connection ….
• Quality of Service
– Wireless connection is used usually
– mobility means loss of network connectivity
reliability.
– Frequent Disconnection
– Variable Bandwidth( indoor , outdoor)
– Heterogeneous Networks (2G,3G, Satellite, wifi..

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 Frequent Disconnections

· Handoff blank out (>1ms for most cellulars)

· Drained battery disconnection
· Voluntary disconnection (turned off to
preserve battery power, also off overnight)
· Theft and damage (hostile environment)
· Roam-off disconnections

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 Connection….
• Address Migration
– Existing applications send packets to a fixed network address
– Need to support dynamically changing “local” addresses as mobile
device moves through network
Mobile IP
• Apps should stop & resume must know how to deal with lack
of reliable connectivity.
– E.g user traveling in a train and downloading report using his PDA
while passing through a tunnel .

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 Solution variable Bandwidth
» Caching is a good idea, e.g., web cache
– Asynchronous/spool-oriented applications, like mail or printing
» Trickle back data when bandwidth is available
– Disconnected file systems:
• Applications adaptation to changing quality of connectivity
» High bandwidth, low latency: business as usual
» High bandwidth, high latency: aggressive pre fetching
» Low bandwidth, high latency: asynchronous
• Vertical handoff in case of heterogeneous network.
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 Device limitation
• Device limitation
– Power
– Storage
– CPU
– user interface
• Mobile device are small!
– Physical limitation => Display , Memory, Cpu, Power… limitations
– The heaviest part of mobile devices are batteries.

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 Mobile Computers
• CPUs
– Multiple cores
– Mega Hertz. 1 Giga Hertz new
• RAM
– 512 MB, common in 2011
– in Giga Bytes new
• Persistent Storage
– 32 GB MicroSD common in 2011

84
Limitations of the Mobile Computer
· Short battery lifetime (max ~ 5 hours)
· Subject to theft and destruction => unreliable
· Highly unavailable (normally powered-off to
conserve battery)
· Limited capability (display, memory, input
devices, and disk space)
· Lack of de-facto general architecture: hand-helds,
communicators, laptops, and other devices

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 Device limitation …
• Support for multiple platforms
• Varying user interface
– some alternative interfaces are voice user interfaces, smaller displays,
stylus and other pointing devices, touch-screen displays, and
miniature keyboards
– For example, drivers who want to get some directions to their
destination may use a data-enabled cellular phone.
– Most apps must be multichannel /multimodal

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 Active transaction
• Active transaction
– most stationary applications, passive systems because they are in a
passive state, waiting for some external signal from the user to tell
them to start doing some particular thing..
– then comes message based system any one participant in the system
could send a message to another participant in the system. and, if
desired, in an asynchronous manner.

87
 Active transaction..
• Later came the idea of push. In the push model of communication,
an information producer announces the availability of certain types
of information, an interested consumer subscribes to this
information, and the producer periodically publishes the information
(pushes it to the consumer).
• There is much in common between the concepts of messaging
systems and push systems. The principle difference is that
messaging systems are asynchronous by definition. This requirement
does not exist for push based systems. Push systems, by definition,
are active systems.
88
 Active transaction…
• we will define active transactions as those transactions initiated
by the system. Active transactions may be synchronous or
asynchronous.
• Synchronous transactions are time dependent transactions.

89
 Mobile software development(WHY?)
• Motivation
In Africa:
– + 1 billion people
– + 30 million computers
– + 264 million mobiles
• Largest growth rate of mobile subscribers
• For most Africans/Ethiopians , our mobile is our only
computing device!

90
 Mobile Application Marketplaces
• Google, Apple, Nokia, Palm, etc. have mobile
marketplaces where one can sell applications.
– Application delivery over the Network!
• Apple iPhone App store:
– 350,000 applications
– 1 Billion downloads !
– $1 Million USD a day in sales!

91
 Mobile Software Development
• Challenges
– Different Operating Systems.
– Different Screen Size.
• are a challenge even on the same OS
– Different Input methods.
• Keyboard (Keypad – Keyboard – Soft
Keyboard),
• TrackBall/Joystick, Pen (Handwriting), Touch,
• Microphone (Voice Command), Camera (Image
Recognition), GPS 92
 …con’t
–Different Hardware Architectures.
• most dominant architectures in the market of CPUs is
the ARM architecture
–Limited computing capabilities.
–Lack of good language support
–Security
• Always shared medium
93
 Mobile Software Development
• Solutions to Challenges
– Multi Modal Interface.
• E.g Combining the face and speech recognition together helps to increase
speech recognition accuracy and lower word error rate
– Simplified Algorithms (Speed ).
– Data Compression (Size & Speed).
– Programming Language Selection.
– Screen independent graphical coordinates or layout managers.
– Unicode Support
– Encryption and authentication
94
 Mobile Software Development
• Programming Languages
– C/C++, .NET, Java ME, FlashLite, SilverLight Mobile
– JavaFX, HTML/WML/JAVASCRIPT/AJAX
• selection is same reasons for using them on the desktop.
• Some languages are for web,
• some are for performance,
• some for portability,
• some of skills and preferences.

95
 Architecture(Managed Vs. native)
• If you write programs for the mobile devices you should plan to
work in the Compact Framework using “managed” code
• This makes your programs
– Portable
– Safe
– Easy to write

96
 Native (unmanaged) code

• compiled for the specific

hardware in the device
• Has direct access to the
processor instruction set

97
 Managed Code
• Programs execute within a
managed environment
• Code is not produced for a
specific target hardware
• Code is validated before
execution

98
 So, Rules To Code By
• Use Managed Code wherever possible
• Good reasons to use Native Code:
– You *really* want speed
– You *really* want to drive the hardware directly
– You are being paid *really* large sums of money to do it

99
 Why Android?
• Open source
• Easy to develop
• Wide tech support
• Android is going to be the #1 Mobile Os in the market by
2014 !

100
 Developers Toolkits…

• To start to develop you need:

– JDK
– Eclipse IDE
– ADT plug-in
– Android SDK

101
 Mobile Application
• Group project developing mobile app and demo.

• A chance to demonstrate your creativity!

• Surprise price for the Best App!

102
 Application Categories
• Informational
– Converters, weather, area-guides, finance
– Location-based
• Data Entry
– Business records, medical records, exercise
– Send info to server for aggregation?
• Multimedia
– Camera, video, music, photos, ringtones
• Shopping
– m-commerce, compare prices
103
 …con’t
• (Social) Networks
– IM, MySpace, Facebook
• Communication
– Skype, VoIP, SMS
• Business productivity
– spreadsheets, inventory
• Utilities
– Torch (flashlight), notepad, stopwatch
• Games
104
 Summary
• Computing Trend
• Existing computing paradigms
• Mobile computing applications
• Different types of mobile devices
• Mobile OS
• Mobile Software Development

105