Scribd
Upload
82 views

Conditional and Looping Constructs

This document provides information about various flow control constructs in Python like conditional statements, loops, and jump statements. It defines flowcharts and different flowchart symbols. It then explains the different conditional statements - if, if-else and nested if-else statements with examples. It describes while and for loops along with examples. It also discusses jump statements like break, continue and pass with examples to show how they alter the normal flow of loops.

Uploaded by

sofia gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
82 views

Conditional and Looping Constructs

This document provides information about various flow control constructs in Python like conditional statements, loops, and jump statements. It defines flowcharts and different flowchart symbols. It then explains the different conditional statements - if, if-else and nested if-else statements with examples. It describes while and for loops along with examples. It also discusses jump statements like break, continue and pass with examples to show how they alter the normal flow of loops.

Uploaded by

sofia gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Chapter 6 :

Informatics
practices
Conditional
Class XI ( As per
CBSE Board)
&
Looping
Construct
New
s
Syllabus
2019-20
Flowchart
A flowchart is simply a graphical representation of steps. It shows steps in a
sequential order, and is widely used in presenting flow of algorithms, workflow
or processes. Typically, flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds,
and their order by connecting them with arrows.
Flowchart Symbols
Different flowchart shapes have different conventional meanings. The
meanings of some of the more common shapes are as follows:
1. Terminator
The terminator symbol represents the starting or ending point of the system.

2. Process
A box indicates some particular operation.

3. Document
This represents a printout, such as a document or a report.
Flowchart
4. Decision
A diamond represents a decision or branching point. Lines coming out from
the diamond indicates different possible situations, leading to different sub-
processes.

5. Data
It represents information entering or leaving the system. An input might be an
order from a customer. An output can be a product to be delivered.

6. Flow
Lines represent flow of the sequence and direction of a process.
Flowchart
Flowchart for addition of
two numbers

Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates


Control Statements
Control statements are used to control the flow
of execution depending upon the specified
condition/logic.

There are three types of control statements.

1. Decision Making Statements


2. Iteration Statements (Loops)
3. Jump Statements (break, continue, pass)
Decision Making Statement
Decision making statement used to control the
flow of execution of program depending upon
condition.

There are three types of decision making statement.


1. if statements
2. if-else statements
3. Nested if-else statement

Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates


Decision Making Statement
1. if statements
An if statement is a programming conditional
statement that, if proved true, performs a
function or displays information.

Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates


Decision Making Statement
1. if statements
Syntax:
if(condition):
statement
[statements]
e.g.
noofbooks = 2
if (noofbooks
== 2):
print('You have ')
print(‘two
books’)
print(‘outside of if
statement’)
Output
You have two books
Note:To indicate a block of code in Python, you must indent each
line of the block by the same amount. In above e.g. both print
Decision Making Statement
1. if statements
Using logical operator in if statement
x=1

y=2
if(x
==
1
and
y==
2):
p
ri
nt
(‘
c
o
n
di
ti
Decision Making Statement
2. if-else Statements
If-else statement executes some code if the test expression is
true (nonzero) and some other code if the test expression is
false.
Decision Making Statement
2. if-else Statements
Syntax:
if(condition):
statements
else:
statements
e.g.
a=10
if(a < 100):
print(‘less than 100')
else:
print(‘more than equal 100')

OUTPUT
less than 100

*Write a program in python to check that entered numer


is even or odd
Decision Making Statement
3. Nested if-else statement
The nested if...else statement allows you to check for multiple
test expressions and execute different codes for more than two
conditions.

Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates


Decision Making Statement
3. Nested if-else statement
Syntax
If (condition):
statements
elif (condition):
st
atements
else:
st
atements
E.G.
num = float(input("Enter a
number: ")) if num >= 0:
if num == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Positive number")
else:
print("Negative
number")
OUTPUT
Enter a
number: 5
Iteration Statements (Loops)
Iteration statements(loop) are used to execute a block
of statements as long as the condition is true.
Loops statements are used when we need to run same
code again and again.

Python Iteration (Loops) statements are of three type :-


1. While Loop

2. For Loop

3. Nested For Loops

Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates


Iteration Statements (Loops)
1. While Loop
It is used to execute a block of statement as long as a
given condition is true. And when the condition become
false, the control will come out of the loop. The
condition is checked every time at the beginning of the
loop.
Syntax
while (condition):
statement
[statements]
e.g.
x=1 Output
while (x <= 4): 1
print(x) 2
3
x=x+1 4
Iteration Statements (Loops)
While Loop continue
While Loop With Else
e.g.

x=1
while (x < 3):
print('inside while loop value of x is ',x)
x=x+1
else:
print('inside else value of x is ', x)

Output
inside while loop value of x is 1
inside while loop value of x is
2 inside else value of x is 3

*Write a program in python to


find out the factorial of a given
number
Iteration Statements (Loops)
While Loop continue
Infinite While Loop
e.g.
x=5
while (x == 5):
print(‘inside loop')

Output
Inside loop
Inside
loop
…
…

Visit : python.mykvs.in for regular updates


Iteration Statements (Loops)
2. For Loop
It is used to iterate over items of any sequence, such
as a list or a string.
Syntax
for val in sequence:
statements

e.g.
for i in range(3,5):
print(i)

Output
3
4
Iteration Statements (Loops)
2. For Loop continue
Example programs
for i in range(5,3,-1):
print(i)

Output
5
4
range() Function Parameters
start: Starting number of the sequence.
stop: Generate numbers up to, but not including this number.
step(Optional): Determines the increment between each
numbers in the sequence.
Iteration Statements (Loops)
2. For Loop continue
For Loop With Else
e.g.
for i in range(1, 4):
print(i)
else: # Executed because no break in
for print("No Break")

Output
1
2
3
No Break
Iteration Statements (Loops)
2. For Loop continue
Nested For Loop
e.g.
for i in range(1,3):
for j in range(1,11):
k=i*j
print (k, end=' ')
print()

Output
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
18 20
Iteration Statements (Loops)
3. Jump Statements

Jump statements are used to transfer the


program's control from one location to another. Means
these are used to alter the flow of a loop like - to skip a
part of a loop or terminate a loop

There are three types of


jump statementsused in python.
1.br
eak
2.continue
3.pass
Iteration Statements (Loops)
1.break
it is used to terminate the loop.
e.g.
for val in "string":
if val == "i":
break
print(val)

print("The
end")

Output
s

t
Iteration Statements (Loops)
2.continue
It is used to skip all the remaining statements in
the loop and move controls back to the top of the
loop. e.g.
for val in "init":
if val ==
"i":
continue
print(val)
print("The
end")

Output
n
t
The end
Iteration Statements (Loops)
3. pass Statement
This statement does nothing. It can be used when a
statement is required syntactically but the program
requires no action.
Use in loop
while True:
pass # Busy-wait for keyboard interrupt (Ctrl+C)
In function
It makes a controller to pass by without executing any code.
e.g.
def myfun():
pass #if we don’t use pass here then error message will be shown
print(‘my program')

OUTPUT
My program
Iteration Statements (Loops)
3. pass Statement continue
e.g.
for i in 'initial':
if(i == 'i'):
pass
else:
p
rint(i
)

OUTPU
T
n

t
a

L
NOTE : continue forces the loop to start at the next

You might also like