DAYSEE TAGAYSAY GARZON

REMINDERS:
1.CLASS HOURS: NO PASS SLIP
7:30 – 11:45
12:45- 4:45
 Late are not allowed to enter.
 Absent are not allowed to enter without excuse
letter from parents.
2. NOTEBOOK – Everybody is required to copy to
be check after class.
3. PISO a day starting Sept. 1, 2023
4. P30.00..RJ 45 (both Grade 11 & 12).
5. Payment for printing(P1.00 per page).
6. OTHER MATTERS:
PTA CONTRIBUTION/ SEAT PLAN
UNDERSTANDING
TECHNOLOGY
DAYSEE TAGAYSAY GARZON
PLAY UP:
Group yourself according to
gender. Whoever got the
correct answer will
automatically get 5 points.
PLAY UP…
1. The ___keeps
tracks of time and
wakes us up in the
morning.
2.The_______coo
ls the air during
warm days.
3. We watch
entertaining
cartoons shows on
_________.
4. We ride the ____to
school. It can also
take us to far away
places in a short
period of time.
5.We can play games,
write letters and draw
pictures with
the________.
 TECHNOLOGY:
 Refers to the great ideas and
machines that help us work easier
and faster.
 We have so many inventions because
of technology. It allows people to live
comfortably. If you go around the
neighborhood, you will see that
technology is everywhere.
 It helps us in our homes. We
have washing machine to wash
our dirty clothes with.
 The refrigerator keeps food
fresh. The computer is used for
many things like playing games.
Cellphones keep people in touch
with each other.
TYPEWRITER
VERSUS
COMPUTER

12
TYPEWRITER
 Bulkier and heavier.
 They use neither cords nor
batteries (in fact, no electricity
at all).
 Careful in typing to avoid
errors.
 The sound of the letter hitting
the page and making the
image pressed into the paper.

13
COMPUTER
 The ability to perform the
information processing cycle
with amazing speed.
 Reliability (low failure rate).
 Accuracy.
 Ability to store large amount of
data and information.
 Ability to communicate with
other computers.

14
 It
is an electronic device used
to manipulate data into a
form that is easier for us to
use and understand.

WHAT IS
COMPUTER?
 an electronic device that receives data
(input), processes data, stores data, and
produces a result (output).
 It performs only three operations
 Arithmetic operations (adding,
subtracting, dividing, and multiplying.)
 Logical comparison values (equal to,
greater than)
 Storage and retrieval operations
 BRIEF HISTORY OF
COMPUTERS

CHARLES BABBAGE
 designedthe Analytical Engine
that became the framework of
the computers of today are based
on.
 BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTERS (CONT.)
Three generations of computer
 First Generation (1937-1946)
 Computers of this generation could only perform single task
 Used vacuum tubes.
 Vacuum tubes are electronic devices that control the flow
of electrons.
 They had no operating system.
 Used custom application programs, which were made for
the specific task that the computer was to perform.
 Instructions were necessary for every aspect of the
computing job.
 BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTERS (CONT.)
 Second Generation (1947-1962)
 Used transistors.
 Transistors performed functions similar to vacuum tubes,
but they were smaller, cheaper, less power-hungry, and
more reliable.
 Ran programming language compilers.
 Used English like commands rather than binary numbers.
 Made it possible to develop software
 During this generation of computers over 100 computer
programming languages were developed
 Storage media such as tape and disk were in use.
 BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTERS (CONT.)

 Third Generation (1963-present)

 The invention of integrated circuit that computers
became smaller, more powerful, and more reliable.
 Able to run many different programs at the same time.
 As a result of the various improvements to the
development of the computer we have seen the computer
being used in all areas of life.
 It is a very useful tool that will continue to experience
new development as time passes.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS

1. Speed
 Computer is very fast and accurate device. It can process millions
and millions of instructions within seconds.
2. Accuracy
 Computer results are highly accurate.
3. Memory
 Computers have a large amount of memory to hold a very large
amount of data or information.
4. Programmed Intelligence
 Computer themselves as such are dumb terminals but they are
programmed in such a way that they can perform those operations
which have been fed into them in the form of executable programs.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS
5. Diligence
 Computer is free from problems like lack of concentration, and
confusions etc.
6. Versatility
 We can perform many different types of tasks on computer. One
moment it might be busy in calculating the statistical date for
annual performance evaluation of a business organization and
next moment it might be working on playing movies.
7. Power of Remembrance
 Unlike humans, computer can store things for unlimited period
of time.
CAPABILITIES

1. It can perform operations at extremely fast

speeds and almost perfect and accurate.
2. It has the ability to perform and retrieve
information.
3. It performs decision based on the program.
4. It can communicate with the operators and
with other machines.
LIMITATIONS
1. It functions only when it is
provided with information.
2. It can detect but cannot correct
errors.
3. It is subject to occasional
breakdown.
IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTER

Used in all aspects of life:

 Research
 Teaching/Education
 Accounting
 Tool for entertainment
 Business world
 Manufacturing world
COMPUTER ADVANTAGES:
 Store, organize and find information
 Produce graphic designs
 High quality printing services
 Local creations, film and others
 Send and receive emails
 Build up more information on the
website
 TYPES OF
COMPUTERS
Computer types can be divided into three (3)
categories according to electronic nature and
working mechanism.

Types of
Computers

Analog Digital Hybrid

 It is used to measure continuous values.
 It measures a physical property like voltage, pressure,
speed, time and temperature.
 It takes input in analog form and gives output in analog
form.
 Its output is usually displayed on a meter or scale..

1. ANALOG COMPUTERS
Analog Computers
 used in scientific and industrial fields in simulating
various physical systems or automatically controlling
industrial process.
 also used for research into design problems.
 used at service station where gasoline pump contains an
analog processor that connect fuel flow measurements
into quantity and price values.
 used in manufacturing units where temperatures, pressure
or flow of liquids are to be monitors continuously.

ANALOG COMPUTERS (CONT.)

2. Digital Computers
 A digital computer works with digital data.
 It provide us discrete information.
 Digital computer performs arithmetic and
logical operations on data.
 It gives output in digital form.

DIGITAL COMPUTERS
 Classification of Digital Computers according to use:
1. General-Purpose Computers
 Computers that follow sets of instructions.
 Can be used in any type of applications such as payrolls, graphs, analysis,
etc.
 Used in computer games, toys, automated answering machines, ATMs
2. Special Purpose Computers
 A digital computer designed to solve problems of a restricted type.
 Designed to be efficient in a certain class of applications.
 Used in hospitals, weather forecasting, etc.

DIGITAL COMPUTERS (CONT.)

 Types of Digital Computer
according to capacity, speed and reliability

Mainframe
Supercomputer Minicomputer Microcomputer
computer
 TYPES OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS
Type Size Power Purpose
Supercomputers Largest Fastest processing •Cost can be several million
speeds compared to dollars
other computers •For corporations with lots of
data to be processed

Mainframe computers Large Less powerful than •Can cost hundreds of thousands
supercomputers but of dollars
large compared to •Performs centralized processing
personal computers tasks for many users

Minicomputers Larger than Same as •Used for companies with many

microcomputers but microcomputers users and large amounts of data
smaller than and can run on any computer
mainframe computers hardware

Microcomputers and Fits on a desktop Not meant for large •Writing papers, tracking
notebook computers amount of data finances, playing games,
connecting to the Internet.

PDA’s, Cell phones, calculators, interactive books, digital cameras, game systems are accepted as they make
everyday tasks easier to accomplish.
CLASSIFICATION OF DIGITAL COMPUTER

Workstation Desktop Computer

Smart Phone

Handheld computer
Tablet PC
Notebook
 Hybrid computers are computers that exhibit features
of both analog computers and digital computers.
 It can handle both analog and digital data.
 A hybrid computer combines the best characteristics
of both the analog and digital computer, as to the
speed of analog and the accuracy of digital computer.

3. HYBRID COMPUTERS
1. Hybrid computer devices used in hospitals that may calculate
patient's heart function, temperature and blood pressure,
respiratory monitor & monitoring anesthesia, the Vital Signs
Monitoring unit also called VSM in short.
 This calculation may be converted into numbers and shown
in digital form.
HYBRID COMPUTER EXAMPLES
(CONT.)
Hybrid Computer Examples (cont.)
THE COMPUTER
SYSTEM
 The Computer System

• It has parts that make your

computer work.
• You may add other types of
equipment so that it can do extra
things such as scanners, digital
cameras, etc..
COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPOSITION

A. Hardware

B. Software

C. Peopleware
COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPOSITION

A. Hardware
 are the physical devices of a computer
 it is composed of the mechanical and
electronic components
 such as printers, monitors, keyboard, mouse
and scanner
FUNCTIONAL PARTS OF HARDWARE

1. Input Unit
Allows the user to communicate with the computer
Used to enter data and instructions
Examples:
o keyboard, touch screen, digital cameras,
pointing devices (mouse, trackball,
trackpoint, touchpad, joystick, light pen),
scanning devices (image scanner, barcode
reader, optical mark reader, magnetic stripes
reader)
INPUT DEVICES
Functional Parts of Hardware

2. System Unit
 Also known as the “CPU” stored in metal boxes
 Carries all the instructions
 Microprocessor - is the center of the modern computer,
it is an integrated circuit or microchip that contains the
entire CPU of a computer
 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

 Made up of the control unit

and arithmetic/logic unit
 The brains of the CPU is the
processor. There are
different brands and speeds
 Pentium made by Intel
 Celeron made by Intel
 Athlon made by AMD
Functional Parts of Hardware

3. Output Unit
 Enables the computer to present information to the
user
 Translates the results of computer processing into a
form that one can use or work with, like a printout or
a picture displayed on the computer’s screen
 Examples:
o Monitor, Video Adapter, Printer, Speaker
 Projector

OUTPUT DEVICES
 Nonimpact printer:
Ink jet & Laser

Impact printer: Dot matrix printers

OUTPUT DEVICES

CRT Monitor
LCD Monitor
Functional Parts of Hardware
4. Storage Unit
 Used to hold or store large volumes of data temporarily or
permanently on a magnetic or optical disks
 Examples:
o Primary Memory
RAM – (random access memory) often referred to as main memory
that temporarily information. If there is a power loss this is the
information lost.
ROM – (read only memory) stores specific instructions needed for
computer operations. The computer can read from a ROM chip but
cannot write or store data on this chip.
o Secondary
Memory (Hard Disks, Floppy Disk, CD-ROM, DVD-
ROM, Memory Stick)
STORAGE DEVICES

Flash Drive

Hard Drive CD-ROM Drive

Compact Disk
COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPOSITION
(CONT.)

B. Software
 instructions developed by the computer
manufacturer to permit tailoring of the
system to meet particular data processing
requirements
 programs that run the computer
 such as MS Word, MS Excel, and MS
Powerpoint.
TYPES OF SOFTWARE

1. Programming Language Software

An artificial language used to define the
step-by-step instructions that can be
processed and executed by the computer
Used to create system and application
programs
 TYPES OF SOFTWARE

2. System Software
 Controls the operations of computer equipment
 Operating System software tells the computer how to:
 Load
 Store
 Execute
 OS is loaded into memory when the computer is turned on
 This process is called booting
 Most OS’s use a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
 Provides visual cues such as icons
 Each icon represents an application
 It is a software program that enables the computer hardware to
communicate and operate with the computer software.
 Master controller for all activities that take place within a computer;
 Primary purpose is to help the computer system monitor itself in order to
function efficiently.
 Interacts with application software, device drivers, and hardware to manage
a computer’s resources.
 Ensures that input and output proceed in an orderly manner.
 OPERATING SYSTEM
Without a computer operating system, a computer would be useless.
 Types of Software

3. Application Software
 Programs that tell a computer how to produce information.
 Commonly used software applications
 Word processing (MS Word)
 Spreadsheet (MS Excel)
 Database (MS Access)
 Presentation (MS PowerPoint)
 Email
4. Educational Software
 Software that can be used for learning purposes
 Examples include:
 Jump Start Series
 Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing
 Reader Rabbit
 Encarta or World Book
 Math Blaster
 Rosetta Stone Spanish

TYPES OF SOFTWARE
5. Entertainment Software
 Software used for entertainment.

Plants vs Zombies
 Candy Crush
 Temple Run
TYPES OFFashion
 Barbie SOFTWARE
Show
C. Peopleware
 are the ones who develop the system, they
are the personnel involved in the computer
system. SYSTEM
COMPUTER
COMPOSITION (CONT.)
 Types of Peopleware

1. Technical Users
 The ones who design and implement or carry out the system
 They are the:
 Systems analyst, computer programmers, systems engineers,
application developers, computer technicians

2. Users or End-Users
 Are the primary operators of the computer and are the ones who enter the
data into the computer
 They are the:
 Date encoders, computer operators, computer hobbyists, application
users.
COMPUTER SYSTEM
COMPOSITION (CONT.)
Match Column A with Column B. Letter only.

Column A Column B

1. These are the numbers that make up a. CPU

the binary system.
2.
HOW COMPUTER
WORKS?
INFORMATION
PROCESSING CYCLE
 It is an input device that enables
you to enter data into a computer.
 Keyboard operates as a typical
typewriter and uses a standard
“QWERTY” keyboard.

KEYBOARD
KEYBOARD LAYOUT
The keys on your keyboard can be divided
into several groups based on function:
 Typing (alphanumeric) keys. These keys include the
same letter, number, punctuation, and symbol keys
found on a traditional typewriter.
 Control keys. These keys are used alone or in
combination with other keys to perform certain
actions. The most frequently used control keys are
CTRL, ALT, the Windows logo key, and ESC.
 Function keys. The function keys are used to perform
specific tasks. They are labeled as F1, F2, F3, and so on,
up to F12. The functionality of these keys differs from
program to program.
 Navigation keys. These keys are used for moving
around in documents or web pages and editing text.
They include the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP,
PAGE DOWN, DELETE, and INSERT.
 Numeric keypad. The numeric keypad is handy for
entering numbers quickly. The keys are grouped
together in a block like a conventional calculator or
adding machine.
 Keyboard Keys Function
Key name How to use it
SHIFT Press SHIFT in combination with a letter to type an uppercase
letter. Press SHIFT in combination with another key to type the
symbol shown on the upper part of that key.
CAPS LOCK Press CAPS LOCK once to type all letters as uppercase. Press CAPS
LOCK again to turn this function off. Your keyboard may have a
light indicating whether CAPS LOCK is on.
TAB Press the TAB key to move the cursor several spaces forward. You
can also press the TAB key to move to the next text box on a form.
ENTER Press ENTER to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line.
In a dialog box, press ENTER to select the highlighted button.

SPACEBAR Press the SPACEBAR to move the cursor one space forward.
BACKSPACE Press BACKSPACE to delete the character before the cursor, or the
selected text.
 Keyboard Keys Function
NAVIGATION KEYS HOW TO USE IT
LEFT ARROW, RIGHT Move the cursor or selection one space or line in the direction of the
ARROW, UP ARROW, arrow, or scroll a webpage in the direction of the arrow
or DOWN ARROW

HOME Move the cursor to the beginning of a line or move to the top of a
webpage
END Move the cursor to the end of a line or move to the bottom of a
webpage
CTRL+HOME Move to the top of a document
CTRL+END Move to the bottom of a document
PAGE UP Move the cursor or page up one screen
PAGE DOWN Move the cursor or page down one screen
DELETE Delete the character after the cursor, or the selected text;
INSERT When Insert mode is on, text that you type is inserted at the cursor.
When Insert mode is off, text that you type replaces existing
characters.
 Keyboard Keys Function
USEFUL SHORTCUTS HOW TO USE IT
Windows logo key Open the Start menu
ALT+TAB Switch between open programs or windows
ALT+F4 Close the active item, or exit the active program
CTRL+S Save the current file or document (works in most programs)
CTRL+C Copy the selected item
CTRL+X Cut the selected item
CTRL+V Paste the selected item
CTRL+Z Undo an action
CTRL+A Select all items in a document or window
F1 Display Help for a program or Windows
Windows logo key +F1 Display Windows Help and Support
ESC Cancel the current task
Application key Open a menu of commands related to a selection in a program.
Equivalent to right-clicking the selection.
 KEYBOARD KEYS FUNCTION
THREE (3) ODD KEYS HOW TO USE IT

PRINT SCREEN Pressing PRINT SCREEN captures an image of your entire

screen (a "screen shot")

Press ALT+PRINT SCREEN to capture an image of just the

active window, instead of the entire screen.

SCROLL LOCK Pressing these keys causes the document to scroll without
changing the position of the cursor or selection

PAUSE/BREAK Pressing this key pauses the program or, in combination with
CTRL, stops it from running.
PARTS OF THE MOUSE
 LEFT MOUSE BUTTON
Left mouse button How to do it
command
Move the mouse to make the pointer or arrow move on
the screen.
Point
the pointer looks like an arrow or ' | ' (cursor) on the
screen.

Click When the 'pointer' is where you want it, click the left
mouse button and release.
This lets you move things around the screen.
1. Move the pointer to where you want it.
2. Click the left mouse button. Keep your finger on the
Click and drag button.
3. Move/drag the 'pointer' to a different part of the
screen.

Double click Click the left mouse button twice very quickly.
RIGHT MOUSE BUTTON

Right mouse
button How to do it
command

When you have the pointer where you

want it on the screen, click the right
Click mouse button and take your finger off
the button. A menu box like the one
shown here will be on the screen so
you can choose different things.