IMC112 Introduction to Information Management

Topic 1
INFORMATION
Part A : Introduction & Basic Concept | Part B : Field of Discipline

IM110 – DIPLOMA IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

 IMC112
Introduction to Information Management

PART A : Introduction & Basic Concept

 MEANING OF INFORMATION

Information is a fact, thought or data conveyed or described through various types of

communication like written, oral, visual and audio communications.

It is knowledge shared or obtained through study, instruction, investigation or news and

you share it through the act of communicating, whether verbally, nonverbally, visually, or
through written word.

Information has different names, including intelligence, message, data, signal or fact.
Information is facts, data, numbers, images, documents,
sound or act of a person to be delivered to the
recipient/user in order to explain, inform and verify the
recipient/user may use such information for any
particular purpose.
 TYPES OF INFORMATION

TYPES EXPLANATION SOURCE EXAMPLE

Factual Information that solely deals with facts. It Reference books such as Mount Magazine is the
is short and non-explanatory. encyclopedias and almanacs. highest point in Arkansas.
Analytical Interpretation of information Books and journals. Based on crash statistics,
Arkansas State Police
designated the road as
dangerous.
Subjective Information from only one point of view. Books, journals, websites and book I hate Arkansas' hot, humid
Opinions are subjective reviews summers!

Objective Information that is understood from Reference books; Newspapers While many people don't like
multiple viewpoints and presents all that have balanced and fair Arkansas summers, some
sides of an argument. reporting are also objective look forward to the season
so they can travel.
 TYPES OF DATA

TYPES EXPLANATION CHARACTERISTIC

Qualitative Qualitative data is descriptive in Subjective and unique
nature, expressed in terms of
language rather than numerical
values.

Quantitative Data that can be counted or measured Fixed and universal

in numerical values.

Graphic Visual representations of information, Quick and clear

data or knowledge.
EXAMPLES

Graphic

 Picture/image
 Graph
 Diagram
 Maps
 Chart
FORMS OF INFORMATION MATERIALS

NON-
PRINTED
PRINTED

Audio-visual Electronic

Machine must serve as a mediator between the information and

the user of nonprint material
 AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIALS

 Information content held in storage and transmission media

EXAMPLE:
formats that use images and sounds rather than textual
matter.  Audio- cassettes
 Videotapes
 Work primarily through the senses, especially hearing and  Motion picture films
seeing.  Slides
 Microforms
 Need equipment such as motion-picture projectors,  CD-ROMs
 DVDs
television sets, record and tape players and overhead
projectors.
 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
E-BOOK
 Made available electronically.  Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson, a free e-book
can be downloaded from http://www.feedbooks.com
 Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, e-book edition is the
 E-resources which are e-books, e-journals, e-databases, popular e-book edition of the Oxford Dictionary available at
http://www.mobipocket.com Annals of Library and
e-magazines, e-images, e-audio, digital library projects, Information Studies, (quarterly) access via NISCAIR
electronic exhibitions, e-newsletters, e-conference website http://www.niscair.res.in
proceedings, etc. E-JOURNAL
 Blackwell Scientific Journals –http://blacksci.co.uk/
 Many of the electronic resources are available free of  PubMed – http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/PubMed/

cost to anyone over the Internet but some are E-DATABASE

commercial resources and are priced.  UNESCO Social Science Database –
http://www.unesco.org/most/dare.htm
 INIS Database -
http://www.iaea.org/inis/database/inis_database.htm
 SOURCE OF INFORMATION

 An expert
PEOPLE  Anybody

 Electronic INFORMATION Sources of  Public

 Private
ORGANIZATION
 Internet SYSTEM
Information  Association/
Institution

 Primary
LITERATURE  Secondary
 Tertiary
 PRIMARY, SECONDARY, AND TERTIARY
SOURCES
TYPES EXPLANATION EXAMPLE

Primary Sources  First described or happened without any Theses, dissertations, scholarly journal articles (research
interpretation or commentary. based), some government reports, symposia and conference
 Display original thinking, report on new proceedings, original artwork, poems, photographs, speeches,
discoveries, or share fresh information letters, memos, personal narratives, diaries, interviews,
autobiographies, and correspondence.

Secondary Sources  An analysis or restatement of primary Textbooks, edited works, books and articles that interpret or
sources. review research works, histories, biographies, literary criticism
 Describe or explain primary sources. and interpretation, reviews of law and legislation, political
summarize, interpret, reorganize, analyses and commentaries.
 Provide an added value to a primary
source.

Tertiary Sources  Source that index, abstract, organize, Dictionaries/encyclopedias (may also be secondary),
compile, or digest other sources. almanacs, fact books, Wikipedia, bibliographies (may also be
 Usually not credited to a particular author. secondary), directories, guidebooks, manuals, handbooks, and
textbooks (may be secondary), indexing and abstracting
sources.
 SOURCE OF
INFORMATION
 Media are the communication outlets or tools used to
INFORMATION MEDIA store and deliver information or data.

The information media includes:

• Newspaper, magazine, book and directory publishing
• Software publishing
• Motion picture and sound recording publishing and distribution
• Radio and television broadcasting
• Internet publishing and broadcasting
• Telecommunication services, internet service providers and web search portals
• Data processing, web hosting and electronic information storage services
• Library and other information services
 METHOD IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

 Manually - using printed retrieval tools to locate information.

 Electronically - using electronic/digital retrieval tools to
locate information.

Retrieval Tools - the mechanisms that aid the information user to locate, retrieve and use the needed documents from the
information agencies or information from a book or document.

Basic Retrieval Tools - Bibliographies. Catalogs. Indexes. Finding Aids.

 CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION

EXPANDABLE
Information is constantly expanded and overload. Facts are never all in, we are constantly
aware of information overload.

DIFFUSIVE
It tends to leak; spread out over a large space; not concentrated in one area

SHAREABLE
Information by its mature cannot give rise to direct exchange transactions only sharing
transaction. Things are exchange, if I sell you an automobile, you may have it and I don’t. But
if I sell you an idea both of us get it
 CHARACTERISTICS OF INFORMATION

TRANSPORTABLE
Information is transportable in nature through modern communication devices. At the speed of light
and as pushing a button.

SUBSTITUTABLE
It can replace capital or physical materials; information is a commodity and on the current scene that
means power.

COMPRESSIBLE
Information can be concentrated, summarized, miniaturized for easier handling. It also offers more
space capacity of storage.
INFORMATION LIFE-CYCLE
 Writing
 Publishing / Broadcasting
 Story-telling / ‘Gossiping’

 Appraisal
 Information Agencies
 Preserve
 Information System/Database
 Dispose/Destroy

 Decision-making
 Problem Solving  Locating
 Innovation  Seeking/Searching
 Learning  Receiving
ISSUES RELATED TO INFORMATION

 Access To Information
 Information Explosion
 Information Overload
 ISSUES RELATED TO INFORMATION
 Access to Information

 The ability to identify, retrieve, and use information effectively.

 Without access to quality information, one cannot make good

decisions.

 Users access to information in order to fulfill their information needs.

 Information needs are facts that a person wants, needs or expects in an

information source. This can be driven by curiosity or the need to make a
decision or complete a task.
 ISSUES RELATED TO INFORMATION
 Information Explosion

 The information explosion is the rapid increase in the amount of published information or
data and the effects of this abundance.
 As the amount of available data grows, the problem of managing the information becomes more
difficult, which can lead to information overload.

Causes of Information Explosion

 The invention of printing
 The growth of information literacy
 The increasing relationship between information and users
 The advent of information and communication technology (ICT)
 ISSUES RELATED TO INFORMATION
 Information Overload

When an individual try to consume too much data at one time, a brain may
become overwhelmed by all the information. For example, if you tried to read a
book while listening to music and watching television, you may experience
information overload.

Information overload slow down the

productivity, it also impacts the ability to make
timely decisions, feel confused, stressed out,
frustrated, and naturally start making mistakes.
 10 Minutes
Small Group Discussion

DISCUSS/EXPLAIN THE TERMS BELOW:

1. Quality information
2. Information need
3. Information literacy
4. Information gap
 ROLES OF INFORMATION

Informational Roles Recreational Roles

Information enables people to become aware of, to Information provides people with entertainment and can
be informed, and to be knowledgeable. create emotions and feelings through films, music, etc.

Educational Roles Contributes Towards To The Growth Of Knowledge

Information is important resource to support Information is the basis for knowledge acquisition,
teaching and learning (education and training). creation of new ideas and knowledge. Vast amount of
information will eventually become knowledge.
Cultural Roles
Information can be a vehicle to promote cultural Support Research And Development
and social activities, to promote understanding and Information is necessary for Research and Development
solidarity. (R&D) activities, problem solving, making new
discoveries,
INFORMATION HIERARCHY

Knowledge with insight / accurate and deep understanding

The current frontier/ extreme limit of understanding

Data with interpretation / to make better

decisions

Facts, figures, observation / the most

basic need
INFORMATION SOCIETY

 An information society is a society where the creation, distribution, use, integration and manipulation
of information for significant economic, political, and cultural activity.

 Its main drivers are digital information and communication technologies. People uses the Internet
regularly and effectively.

 In information society, the workers’ outputs and organizations’ successes depend on their ability to utilize
information.

 This society allows the access to training and knowledge (e-learning), work organization and
mobilization of skills (teleworking and virtual companies), practical life (health telecare services)
and the leisure. It also creates new opportunities for citizen participation by promoting the
expression of opinions and views.
 Characteristics Of Information Society

 Information is the key factor for all the tasks.  Development of information-intensive organizations
add a greater amount of value and thus benefit a
 Society that cannot survive without the country’s overall economy.
computers, internet, mobile phones etc.
 People use information intensively in their activities
as consumers.
 Information the chief driver of socio-economics.
 The society which is based on the production and
 Organizations make use of information to distribution of the information especially by means of
increase their efficiency, to stimulate innovation computers.
and increase their effectiveness.
KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY

Society in which the creation, dissemination, and utilization of

information and knowledge has become the most important factor of
production.

Knowledge assets (also called intellectual capital) are the most powerful
producer of wealth.
Key Characteristics of a Knowledge Society
 The mass and polycentric production, transmission, and application of knowledge is dominant;

 The price of most commodities is determined by the knowledge needed for their development
and sale rather than by the raw material and physical labor that is needed to produce them;

 A large portion of the population attains higher education;

 A vast majority of the population have access to information and communication technologies
and to the internet;

 A large portion of the labor force are knowledge workers who need a high degree of education and
experience to perform their job well;

 Individual and organization invest heavily in education and research and development;

 Organizations are forced to innovate continually.

 IMC112
Introduction to Information Management

PART B : Field of Discipline

 CLASSIFICATION OF KNOWLEDGE

SOCIAL SCIENCE HUMANITIES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

 Anthropology  Ancient And Modern Languages  Natural Sciences

 Communication studies  Literature  Mathematics
 Economics  Philosophy  Computer And Information Sciences
 Education  History  Physical Sciences
 Geography  Archaeology  Chemical Sciences
 History  Anthropology  Earth And Related Environmental
 Law  Human Geography Sciences
 Linguistics  Law  Biological Sciences
 Political science  Religion  Engineering And Technology
 Psychology  Art  Medical And Health Sciences
 INFORMATION SCIENCE

Information science is an academic field which is primarily

concerned with analysis, collection, classification, manipulation,
storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of
information.
It is concerned with recordable information and knowledge, and
the technologies and related services that facilitate their
management and use.
INFORMATION SCIENCE ACADEMIC
FIELDS
 TRIVIA

Information Science VS Computer Science

These fields have similar goals but slightly different emphases.

Information science focuses more on how Computer science stresses how to use
to solve problems by organizing, sharing, technology in problem-solving.
and interpreting information.
 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

Information management is an umbrella

term that encompasses all the systems and  Document Management (DM)
processes within an organization that  Records Management (RM)
enable the creation and use of information.  Web Content Management (CM)
 Digital Asset Management (DAM)
It manages the people, processes and  Learning Management Systems (LM)
technology that provide control over the  Intranet Platforms
structure, processing, delivery and usage of
 And Many More…
information
 DATA MANAGEMENT

 Data management is a subset of information management.

 Data management includes everything from file-naming

conventions to policies and practices on creating metadata
and documentation for the long term.

 Data management ensures data that underlies an

organization is available, accurate , complete and secure.
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT & DATA MANAGEMENT
KEY DIFFERENCES
 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

 Knowledge management (KM) is the process of organizing,

creating, using, and sharing collective knowledge within an
organization.

 The goal of a knowledge management system is to provide

managers with the ability to locate and organize the relevant
information and expertise required to address specific business
tasks and projects, leading to greater productivity and longevity.
 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

 Successful knowledge management includes maintaining

information in a place where it is easy to access.

 It includes three types of knowledge—tacit, implicit, and explicit

knowledge.
 Tacit, Implicit, and Explicit Knowledge

Tacit Knowledge is a less-tangible form of knowledge gained through personal

experiences and individual contexts. Tacit knowledge is harder to articulate on paper.
Examples of tacit knowledge include language or intuition.

Implicit Knowledge is information that is transferable to skills. When someone is

performing tasks, they are displaying implicit knowledge, such as performing effective
communication.

Explicit Knowledge is any kind of knowledge that is easily articulated, written and stored
in physical form so that it is accessible. Common examples of explicit knowledge are
books and documents.
 BENEFITS
OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

IDENTIFICATION OF SKILL GAPS: When teams create relevant documentation around

implicit or tacit knowledge or consolidate explicit knowledge, it can highlight gaps in core
competencies across teams. This provides valuable information to management to form new
organizational structures or hire additional resources.

MAKE BETTER INFORMED DECISIONS: Knowledge management systems arm individuals

and departments with knowledge. By improving accessibility to current and historical enterprise
knowledge, teams can upskill and make more information-driven decisions that support
business goals.

MAINTAINS ENTERPRISE KNOWLEDGE: If the most knowledgeable employees left

tomorrow, what would your business do? Practicing internal knowledge management enables
businesses to create an organizational memory. Knowledge held by your long-term employees
and other experts, then make it accessible to your wider team.
 BENEFITS
OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCIES: Knowledge management systems create a go-to place that

enable knowledge workers to find relevant information more quickly. This, in turn, reduces the
amount of time on research, leading to faster decision-making and cost-savings through
operational efficiencies.

INCREASED COLLABORATION AND COMMUNICATION: Knowledge management systems

and organizational cultures work together to build trust among team members. These information
systems provide more transparency among workers, creating more understanding and alignment
around common goals.

DATA SECURITY: Knowledge management systems enable organizations to customize

permission control, viewership control and the level of document-security to ensure that
information is shared only in the correct channels or with selected individuals.
 LEARNING OUTCOME

By now, you should be able to apply a

concepts of information management that
exist in different environments .
REFERENCE

Saracevic, T. (2009). Information science. In M. J. Bates (Ed.), Encyclopedia of library and information
sciences (3rd ed.) (pp. 2570-2585). New York: Taylor and Francis.
Borko, H. (1968). Information science: What is it? American Documentation, 19, 3.
Shahar Banun Jaafar (2003) Libraries in Malaysia. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science.
Edited by Mariam A.Drake. New York: Marcel Dekker
https://bbi-consultancy.com/information-lifecycle-management-phases/
https://www.ipl.org/essay/Importance-And-Importance-Of-Information-PKVM4XH4ACP6
https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary
https://kipwise.com/learn/tacit-vs-explicit-knowledge
https://www.librarianshipstudies.com/2015/04/glossary-of-library-information-science.html
https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/information-society/14504