الجامعة السعودية االلكترونية
الجامعة السعودية االلكترونية
26/12/2021
English Grammar II
DENG330
Week 7:
Conditional Sentences
Learning Objectives
• Recognize Conditional Sentences.
• Use Conditional Sentences in sentences and paragraphs
Conditionals
• Conditional tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might
have happened, and what we wish would happen.
• In English, most sentences using the conditional contain the word if.
• Many conditional forms in English are used in sentences that include verbs in one of
the past tenses.
• This usage is referred to as "the unreal past" because we use a past tense but we are
not actually referring to something that happened in the past.
Conditionals
• There are five main ways of constructing conditional
sentences in English.
• In all cases, these sentences are made up of an if clause and a
main clause. In many negative conditional sentences, there is
an equivalent sentence construction using "unless" instead of
"if".
Conditionals
Conditionals
ZERO CONDITIONAL
Conditionals
In zero conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the sentence is the
.simple present
Function
• The zero conditional is used to make statements about the real world, and
often refers to general truths, such as scientific facts.
• In these sentences, the time is now or always and the situation is real and
possible.
Examples
• If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
• Plants die if they don't get enough water.
• If my husband has a cold, I usually catch it.
• If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.
• If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
Imperatives
The zero conditional is also often used to give instructions, using
the imperative in the main clause.
EXAMPLES
If Bill phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema.
Ask Pete if you're not sure what to do.
If you want to come, call me before 5:00.
Meet me here if we get separated.
Type 1 Conditional
• In a Type 1 conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the simple
present, and the tense in the main clause is the simple future.
• the order of the clauses is not fixed.
• You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you
change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical.
Function
• The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result.
• These sentences are based on facts, and they are used to make statements about the real
world
• We often use such sentences to give warnings.
• In type 1 conditional sentences, the time is the present or future and the situation
is real.
Examples
• If it rains, you will get wet.
• You will get wet if it rains.
• If Sally is late again I will be mad.
• You will miss the bus if you don't hurry.
Examples
If I have time, I'll finish that letter.
What will you do if you miss the plane?
Nobody will notice if you make a mistake.
If you drop that glass, it will break.
If you don't drop the gun, I'll shoot!
If you don't leave, I'll call the police.
Type 1 Conditional Sentences
• You can also use modals in the main clause instead of the future tense to express the degree
of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the outcome.
EXAMPLES
• If you drop that glass, it might break.
• I may finish that letter if I have time.
• If he calls you, you should go.
• If you buy my school supplies for me, I will be able to go to the park.
Type 2 Conditional
• The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation
that is unreal.
• These sentences are not based on fact.
• The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable
result.
• In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause
uses the present conditional.
Type 2 Conditional
Type 3 Conditional
• The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that
is contrary to reality.
• The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed.
• The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past
result.
• In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause
uses the perfect conditional.
Type 3 Conditional
Mixed Type Conditional
• The mixed type conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation
that is ongoing into the present.
• The mixed type conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable
result in the present.
• In mixed type conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main
clause uses the present conditional.
Mixed Type Conditional
Exercises
Make Zero Conditional sentences, use cues.
Jane / eat / too much chocolate / she /get / sick
________________________________________________________
You / not / eat / you / die
__________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
You / heat / ice / it / melts
__________________________________________________________________________
___________
Exercises
Make 1st Conditional sentences, put the verbs in brackets in correct form.
If you _________________ (not study), you _____________ (fail) the test.
I _____________ (lend) you my umbrella if you _____________ (need) it.
If I ________________ (be late), I _______________ (call) you.
Exercises
Write 2nd Conditional sentences, put the verbs in brackets in correct form.
If you _______________ (leave) your job, you ________________ (travel) around the world.
If you _____________ (be) nicer to him, he ____________________(lend) you the money
It _________________(be) nice if the rain ____________________(stop)!
Exercises
Write 3rd Conditional sentences, put the verbs in brackets in correct order.
He crashed his car, because he fell asleep while driving.
If he __________________(fall) asleep while driving, he _____________________(crash) his car.
I lost my job because I was late for work.
I ____________________ (loose) my job if I ___________________ (be)late for work.
We couldn't go to the concert, because we didn't have enough money.
If we _________________ (have)enough money, we ____________________ (go)to the concert.
Exercises
Put the verb in brackets in correct form.
If I __________________ (be) you, I wouldn’t risk.
If they had waited another month, they could probably ________________ (get)a
better price for their house.
It's quite simple really. When it's cold, water __________________ (freeze).
If he decides to accept that job, he __________________ (regret) it for the rest of his
life.
Thank You
