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Seminar

The document is a seminar presentation on autonomous cars presented by Satyam Singh and Neeraj Kumar. It contains the following sections: introduction, historical background, technology, hardware description, design, applications, and conclusion. The introduction provides a definition of autonomous cars and their capabilities. The historical background section outlines the development of autonomous technologies from the 1980s to present day. The technology section describes the main technologies used such as mechatronics, artificial intelligence, and multi-agent systems. The hardware description section explains sensors like RADAR, LIDAR, optics, GPS, and others. The design section discusses multicore computing, sensor data acquisition, and other aspects. Applications mentioned include transportation, shipping, and taxis

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44 views25 pages

Seminar

The document is a seminar presentation on autonomous cars presented by Satyam Singh and Neeraj Kumar. It contains the following sections: introduction, historical background, technology, hardware description, design, applications, and conclusion. The introduction provides a definition of autonomous cars and their capabilities. The historical background section outlines the development of autonomous technologies from the 1980s to present day. The technology section describes the main technologies used such as mechatronics, artificial intelligence, and multi-agent systems. The hardware description section explains sensors like RADAR, LIDAR, optics, GPS, and others. The design section discusses multicore computing, sensor data acquisition, and other aspects. Applications mentioned include transportation, shipping, and taxis

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200106035
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Seminar Presentation

on

AUTONOMOUS CAR

Presented by: Under the supervision:


Satyam Singh (200106062) Prof. A.K. Shankhwar
Neeraj Kumar (200106048) Electronics Engineering
Final Year B. Tech ET Department

Department of Electronics Engineering


School of Engineering
Harcourt Butler Technical University Kanpur
Session (2023-2024)
Autonomous
Car
CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2.Historical Background
3.Technology
4.Hardware Description
5.Design
6.Application
7.Conclusion
8.Reference
INTRODUCTION

• An Autonomous car is an
Autonomous Vehicle
capable of fulfilling the
human transportation
capabilities of a traditional
car.
• As an Autonomous Vehicle,
it is capable of sensing its
environment and navigating
without human input.
Historical Background
1980s
• laser radar, computer vision and autonomous robotic
control
• Off-road map and sensor-based autonomous navigation
1990s
• Extensive systems engineering work and research
• Video cameras on board and use of stereoscopic vision
algorithms
2000s
• Real-Time Control System
• RFID-tags
2010s
• Artificial Intelligence
• GPS, LIDAR, 3D mapping, cameras, Sensors, etc.
TECHNOLOGY
• Vehicular automation involves the use of
Mechatronics
Artificial Intelligence
Multi-agent System
to assist a vehicle's operator.
• These features and the vehicles employing them may be
labeled as Intelligent or Smart.
• A vehicle using automation for difficult tasks, especially
navigation, may be referred to as semi-autonomous.
Hardware
Description
• RADAR
• OPTICS
• LIDAR
• GPS
• Processors
• Wheel Speed Sensors
RADAR
• Traditional RADAR sensors are
used to detect dangerous objects in
the vehicle’s path that are more
than 100 meters away.
• Accident-Prevention systems
trigger alerts when they detect
something in a blind car’s blind
spot.
• The radar chirps between 10 and
11 GHz over 5 millisecond period,
transmitting the radar signal from
a centrally located antenna cone.
OPTICS
• A camera mounted near the
rear-view mirror build a real-
time 3D images of the road
ahead, spotting hazards like
pedestrians and animals.

• It is also used to identify road


markings and traffic signals
and we generally use Open
CV to customize the camera.
LIDAR
•The Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) which is
mounted on the roof of the vehicle is the most
important device in the Autonomous vehicles.
•The LIDAR consists of an emitter, mirror and receiver.
•The emitter sends out a LASER beam that bounces off
a mirror that is rotating along with the cylindrical
housing at 10 revolutions per minute.
•After bouncing off objects, the LASER beam returns
to the mirror and is bounced back towards the receiver,
where it can be interpreted into data.
•The vehicle can then generate a map of its
surroundings and use the map to avoid objects.
LIDAR
GPS
• A Global Positioning System
keeps the car on its intended
route with an accuracy of 30
cm.

• With GPS covering the macro


location of car, smaller on-
deck cameras can recognize
smaller details like red lights,
stop signs and construction
zones.
WHEEL SPEED
SENSOR

• Wheel Speed Sensors


measure the road-wheel
speed and direction of
rotation.
• These sensors provide input
to a number of different
automotive systems
including the Anti-lock
Brake System and
Electronic Stability Control.
PROCESSOR

• Some 7 dual-core 2.13 GHz


processors and 2Gb of RAM are
needed to make sense of the data
collected by the car’s
instruments.
• Some car run as many as 17
processors to dispense the
computing load.
• In general we can also use
Raspberry Pi Ver. 5.O
(Microprocessor), it is a
development board with
embedded CPU.
WORKING

• The signal from the sensors are used by the Electronic


Control Unit for decision making using a software code.
• Based on the information from the sensors, the
Electronic Control Unit gives signal to the actuators,
which in turn control the vehicle.
• Also, real time information of the surroundings is output
to the user interface located inside the vehicle.
DESIGN
• MULTICORE
HETEROGENEOUS
COMPUTING
• SENSOR DATA
ACQUISITION
• JAUS INTEROPERABLE
COMMUNICATION
• DRIVE BY WIRE
SYSTEM
Potential Advantages
• Fewer traffic collisions
• Increased roadway capacity and reduced traffic
congestion
• Relief of vehicle occupants from driving and navigation
chores.
• Higher speed limit for autonomous cars.
• Removal of constraints on occupant‘s state.
• Alleviation of parking scarcity.
• Reduction of space required for vehicle parking.
APPLICATIONS

• Intelligent transporting
• Military applications
• Transportation in hazardous
places
• Shipping
• Taxi services
• Public transportation
Google Driverless Car
Toyota Prius modified to operate as a Google driverless car
Navia

World’s first commercially


available driverless car by
France-based robotics
company Induct.
CONCLUSION
Vehicular communication systems are an emerging type
of networks in which vehicles and roadside units are the
communicating nodes, providing each other with
information such as safety, warnings and traffic
information. Autonomous cars integrated with vehicular
communication systems can be more effective in avoiding
crashes and traffic congestions.
REFERENCE
[1] Sharmila Gaikwad, Akshay Vishwanath, Lalit Bhosle, Rishabh Bhandari, “Internet controlled
vehicle”, International Journal of Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication. 4,
pp.17-21,2016.

[2] K. R. Menon, S. Menon, B. Menon, A. R. Menon, and M. Z. A. S. Syed, “Real time Implementation of
Path Planning Algorithm with Obstacle Avoidance for Autonomous Vehicle,” in 3rd 2016 International
Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development”, New Delhi, India, 2016.

[3] P. Rau, “Target Crash Population of Automated Vehicles,” in in 24th International Technical
Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), 2015

[4] E. Frink, D. Flippo, and A. Sharda, “Invisible Leash: ObjectFollowing Robot,” Journal of
Automation, Mobile Robotics & Intelligent Systems, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 3–7, Feb. 2016.
[5] M. Frutiger and C. Kim, “Digital Autopilot Test Platform with Reference Design and
Implementation of a 2-Axis Autopilot for Small Airplanes,” Department of Electrical and, pp. 1–
24, 2013.

[6] D. Helbing, “Traffic and related self-driven many-particle systems,” Reviews of Modern
Physics, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 1067–1141, Dec 2011.

[7] Swati Patil, Kshitij Gholap, Ashutosh Bhilare, Utkarsh Kondekar, “Working Model of a Self-
Driving Car using Convolution Neural Network, Raspberry Pi and Arduino”, in International
Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management Volume-2, Issue-12, December-
2019
Thank you

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