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Topic One Introduction To Os in General

This document provides an overview of operating systems, including basic terminology, functions, types, and classifications of operating systems. It discusses the importance of operating systems and how they act as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. The document also outlines the main layers in an operating system, including the kernel, input/output, memory management, file management system, and user interface. Additionally, it covers classifications of operating systems like multiprocessing, multitasking, multithreading, and real-time operating systems. The historical development of operating systems is also briefly mentioned.

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24 views

Topic One Introduction To Os in General

This document provides an overview of operating systems, including basic terminology, functions, types, and classifications of operating systems. It discusses the importance of operating systems and how they act as an intermediary between the user and computer hardware. The document also outlines the main layers in an operating system, including the kernel, input/output, memory management, file management system, and user interface. Additionally, it covers classifications of operating systems like multiprocessing, multitasking, multithreading, and real-time operating systems. The historical development of operating systems is also briefly mentioned.

Uploaded by

lilmickey628
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF IRINGA

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION


DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
CIT 103-Windows Operating System
 Topic One - General introduction to operating
system
 Introduction + basic terminologies
 The functions of operating system
 Types & classifications of operating system
 The importance of OS

 Historical overview of operating system development


Introduction + basic terminologies…

 An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a


computer and the computer hardware
 The main purpose of an operating system is to provide an
environment in which user can execute programs in a convenient and
efficient manner
 It is made to be able to control all of the computer's resources and
activities.
Introduction + basic terminologies…
 The OS helps the user to communicate with the computer
without knowing how to speak the computer’s language.
 An operating system is a software that manages the
computer hardware
 Internally, operating systems vary greatly in their makeup,
since they are organized along many different lines
Introduction + basic terminologies…
 The operating system must provide appropriate mechanisms
to ensure the correct operation of the computer system and
to prevent user programs from interfering with the proper
operation of the system
 The design of a new operating system is a major task
 Introduction + basic terminologies…
 It is not possible for the user to use any computer
or mobile device without having an operating
system.
 An amazing aspect of operating systems is how
they vary in accomplishing these tasks
 Introduction + basic terminologies…

 Operating systems are designed to be convenient, others to


be efficient, and most of them to be some combination of the
two
 An operating system serves as a link between a computer's
software and hardware.
 Introduction + basic terminologies…

 Typical examples of operating systems are Windows, Linux,


Mac OS, and UNIX etc.
 An operating system is composed of five layers: the kernel,
input/output, memory management, file management system,
and user interface.
 Important key concepts in os
 memory management,
 device management,
 file management,
 processor management
 user interface
 Goals of OS

1. Primary Goal:

 To provide a user-friendly and convenient environment

 It is true that things become impossible when the user has to perform all the
process scheduling and converting the user code into machine code etc…

 So the use of an Operating System is available to act as an intermediate


between user and the hardware.

 User is needed only to give commands to the Operating System and the
Operating System will do the rest.
 Goals of OS…

2. Secondary Goal:

 The secondary goal of an Operating System is efficiency.

 The Operating System should perform all the management of resources in such
a way that the resources are fully utilised and no resource should be held idle if
some request to that resource is there at that instant of time.
 Classifications of operating system

Operating System can be classified as follows:

Multiprocessing:

 Supports running a program on multiple CPUs within a single computer system.

 UNIX Operating system is one of the most widely used multiprocessing systems. A

motherboard is capable of handling multiple processors in a multiprocessing operating system.

Multitasking:

 This allows you to run more than one program at the same time.

 Examples UNIX, Windows 95, Windows NT operating system. Non-pre-emptive Multi-

Tasking Operating System


Classifications of operating system…

Multithreading:

 Allows every module of a single program to execute simultaneously.

 For example, a desktop application providing functionality like


editing, printing, etc. is a multithreaded application.

 As a printing is a background process, we can perform editing


documents and printing documents concurrently by assigning these
functions to two different threads.
Classifications of operating system…

Real-Time:

 are used in environments where a large number of events, mostly external to


the computer system, must be accepted and processed in a short time or within
certain deadlines. such applications are industrial control, telephone switching
equipment, flight control, and real-time simulations.

 Response to the input is immediate.

 Airline traffic control systems, Command Control Systems, airline reservation


systems,Network Multimedia Systems, robots, etc.
Classifications of operating system…

Multi-User:

 This allows multiple users to run the program in the same fraction of time.

 Examples of multi-user operating system are : Linux, Ubuntu, Unix, Mac


OS X, Windows etc.
 Main Layers in an Operating System

 The software that acts as an interface between various computer parts is referred
to as layers in an operating system.

 A clear benefit of layering is evident in an operating system.

 Each layer may be designed independently and interacted with as needed.


 Main Layers in an Operating System…

Kernel:

 It links a computer's hardware with application software. As a result, it controls


how applications in the RAM access memory. Additionally, it decides when each
program will execute and allots processing time and memory to each application.

File Management System:

 It also goes by the name "file system." It is in charge of planning and overseeing
the data storage on long-term storage devices including hard drives, and disc
drives.
 Main Layers in an Operating System…

Input/Output:

 This layer manages all physical interactions with other devices, including the
keyboard, printer, display, and disc drive. The I/O layer receives a request if a
higher layer needs access to a device

Memory Management:

 It is in charge of restarting the computer's physical memory between processes


and managing programs that need more memory than is physically accessible.
 Main Layers in an Operating System…

User Interface:

 It is referred to as the area where human and machine interaction takes place.

 There are two different types of user interfaces: the icon-based Graphical User
Interface (GUI), which is used in Windows and Apple Mac OS, and the text-
based Command Line Interface (CLI), which is used in MS-Dos and LINUX
 Historical overview of operating system development

 Pls read

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