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Lecture 03 - Power Generation Methods

The document discusses generators and solar PV systems for small power generation. It describes the key factors to consider when selecting a generator, such as total wattage needs, size, type, noise level, and fuel. The main types of generators are standby, portable, and inverter generators. The document also outlines the major components of solar PV systems, including panels, inverters, charge controllers, and batteries. It provides steps for designing a solar PV system, such as determining power consumption needs, sizing solar panels and inverters, and selecting a charging controller.

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Chamal Praveen
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views

Lecture 03 - Power Generation Methods

The document discusses generators and solar PV systems for small power generation. It describes the key factors to consider when selecting a generator, such as total wattage needs, size, type, noise level, and fuel. The main types of generators are standby, portable, and inverter generators. The document also outlines the major components of solar PV systems, including panels, inverters, charge controllers, and batteries. It provides steps for designing a solar PV system, such as determining power consumption needs, sizing solar panels and inverters, and selecting a charging controller.

Uploaded by

Chamal Praveen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Industrial Installations – ET 42043

Small Power Generation Presentation 03

D. K. Ashan Induranga
B.Sc. (Hons.) Engineering
M.Phil. (Reading)
Content

• Generators

• Solar PV Systems
Generators
Selecting the Proper Generator

• Total wattage of the building

• Size of the generator

• Type of the generator

• Noise level of the generator

• Fuel type of the generator

• Location of the generator


Stand by Generator

• Generator Capacity based on the

running & the starting wattage of the

electrical equipment
Generator Types

❖ Standby Generators

❖ Portable Generators

❖ Inverter Generators
Generators – Diesel Generator Diagram

Working Principle of Diesel Generator + Diagram | Linquip


1. Stand-by Generators (Mostly Industrial
Generators)

⮚ Automatically power the building when there is an emergency.

⮚ Connected to the electrical system through an ATS (Automatic

Transfer Switch) or a MTS (Manuals Transfer Switch)


Wiring an ATS & MTS
2. Portable Generators

Working Procedure

1. Keep the generator outside the house

2. Turn off the main breaker of the house

3. Turn off/ Unplug electric items

4. Check the oil and fuel levels of the generator

5. Plug the generator into a suitable outlet

6. Start the generator and wait until the full speed of the generator
3. Inverter Generators

⮚ It also has the engine and the alternator as the portable generator like the

other generators.

⮚ It generates AC power, and the rectifier inside the generator creates DC

power. Then, it again converts into AC power with the inverter circuit.

⮚ It generates power according to the demand and varies the RPM of the

engine.
3. Inverter Generators

⮚ The inverter generator is very quiet compared to the traditional generators

https://youtu.be/_sfk-Cc7i7E
Solar PV Systems
Major Components

Inverter

Solar
PV Solar PV Charge
Module System Controller

Battery
(Optional)
Solar I-V Curve
Monocrystalline vs Polycrystalline PV Panels
Different Solar PV Systems

1. On-grid solar PV System 2. Hybrid solar PV System


Different Solar PV Systems

3. Off-grid solar PV System


PV Panels Connection
PV Panel Orientation

• North Hemisphere – Directed to South

• South Hemisphere – Directed to North


Solar PV Shading
Solar PV Bypass Diode

• By-Pass diode protect


Solar PV Inverters
Solar PV Inverters
Inverter Technology
Solar Charge Controllers
Solar Charge Controllers
Steps of PV System Design

01) Determination of the power consumption.

• Ex: 18 W - Fluorescent Lamp - 8 Nos – 4 hrs. per day

60 W - Fan - 4 Nos – 4 hrs. per day

100 W - Refrigerator - 1 Nos

100 W - Television - 1 Nos – 4 hrs. a day


Steps of PV System Design

01) Determination of the power consumption.

• Ex: Total energy requirement per day = (18 x 8 x 4) + (60 x 4 x 4) +

(100 x 24) + (100 x 1 x 4) = 4336 Wh/day

Total PV energy requirement = 4336 x 1.3 = 5636.8 Wh/day

(Loss correction = 1.3)


Steps of PV System Design

02) Determination of the size of the solar panels

• Ex: Total Wpeak of panel capacity = 5636.8 /3.4 = 1657.9 Wpeak

(PFG – Panel Generation Factor = 3.4 depends on the country)

• No. of 160 W panels needed = 1657.9/160 = 10.36 🡪 11 panels 🡪 12 panels

• 12 = 2 x 6 or 3 x 4
Steps of PV System Design

03) Determination of the size of the inverter

• Total PV panel capacity = 1657.9 W

• Considering the margin of 25% safety,

• The inverter size = 2072.375 W

• Since that, we can use a 2 kW inverter.


Steps of PV System Design
Steps of PV System Design

05) Determination of the size of the charging controller

PV module specification

Pm = 110 Wp

Vm = 16.7 Vdc

Im = 6.6 A

Voc = 20.7 A

Isc = 7.5 A

Solar Charge Controller Rating = 4 strings x 7.5 A = 30 A


Thank You!

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