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Grade 8 Electric Circuits Compressed

The document discusses electricity and electric circuits. It defines key concepts like electric circuits, current, potential difference, resistance, and units of measurement. It also describes different types of circuits including series and parallel and how current and resistance are affected.

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293 views18 pages

Grade 8 Electric Circuits Compressed

The document discusses electricity and electric circuits. It defines key concepts like electric circuits, current, potential difference, resistance, and units of measurement. It also describes different types of circuits including series and parallel and how current and resistance are affected.

Uploaded by

joesyfer247
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electricity

Current electricity and circuit


diagrams
Electric
 Definition circuits
 An electric circuit is a path through which
current can flow
 Direction of current
 Electrons flow from negative to positive
 Conventional current flows from positive to
negative
Simple circuit
diagrams
Current and potential
 difference
Current
 Current is the rate of flow of charge
 Current always follows the path of least
resistance
 Measured in amperes (A) using an ammeter
 Ammeter is always connected in series
Current and potential
 difference
Potential difference
 Amount of electrical energy available in an
energy source OR
 Amount of electrical energy consumed by a
resistor
 Measured in volts (V) using a voltmeter
 Voltmeter is always connected in parallel
Measuring voltage and
current
Resistance
 Resistance
 A measure of opposition to the flow of
electric charge
 Measured in ohms (Ω)
 A resistor is any substance that opposes
the flow of electric charge
Resistance
 Resistance is inversely proportional to current
 The greater the resistance, the lower the current in
the main circuit
 The lower the resistance, the greater the current in
the
main circuit
 All metals have some sort of resistance
 Conductors with low resistance are used to
conduct electricity
• e.g.: copper wire
 Conductors with high resistance are used to
generate
light or heat
• e.g.: tungsten in the elements of light bulbs
Circuit diagram
components
Measurements and
units
Units for measurement
Symbol used in
Measurement Definition
equation
Name Abbreviation

Energy The ability to do work W Joules J

A basic property of
Charge matter responsible for all Q Coulomb C
electric phenomena

Rate of flow of charge


Current I Ampere A
(coulombs per
second)
Amount of electrical
Potential
potential energy available in V Volt V
difference
an energy source

Resistance A measure of the opposition R Ohm Ω


to the flow of electric
Types of
 Connection circuits
in series
 There is only one path along which
the current can flow
 Advantage
 Difficult to overload because current
remains
the same
 Disadvantage
 If one resistor is blown out, the circuit is
broken
A circuit connected in
series
Types of
 Connection circuits
in parallel
 There is more than one path along
which the current can flow
 Advantage
 If one resistor is blown out, the current can
continue to flow through the other resistors
 Disadvantage
 Easy to overload because current
increases
with more resistors
A circuit connected in
parallel
Resistors in
 Current series
 Current is reduced if resistors are added
 Resistance is increased
 The more light bulbs added, the dimmer they
become
 Resistance
 Total resistance of the circuit is equal to the sum of
all resistors
 All resistors are controlled by a single switch
 If one resistor is blown out the entire circuit
is broken
Resistors in
 Current parallel
 Total current in the circuit is increased when more
resistors are added in parallel
 Resistance
 Total resistance in the circuit decreases if more
resistors are added in new parallel branches
Resistors in
 parallel
If more light bulbs are added, they will still have the
same
brightness
 Each parallel branch can be controlled by its own
switch
 If one resistor is blown out the other branch(es) of the
circuit will continue working
Questions?

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