Section : Numerical Aptitude

Topic : Number system

Sub topic : Finding the factors

In this we will be seeing about

1.How to find total number of factors
2.Sum of all factors
3.Sum of even factors
4.Sum of odd factors
5.Product of factors
Find the total number of factors of 1728.

1. Prime factorization of 1728 = 26 * 33

2. (6+1) × (3+1) = 7×4 = 28

Find the total number of divisors of 10!

1. Prime factorization = 10×9×8×7×6×5×4×3×2×1 = 2 8× 34 × 52 ×71

2. (8+1) × (4+1) × (2+1) × (1+1) = 9 × 5 × 3 × 2 = 270
 Factors/sum of
factors/product of factors
Example:
Find the sum of divisors of 544 excluding 1 and 544.

Solution:
Prime Factorization: 25 * 171
Sum of Factors = (20 + 21 +22 + 23 + 24 + 25 ) * (170 + 171)
= (1+2+4+8+16+32)*(1+17)
= (63)*(18)
= 1134
Since we need to exclude 1 and 544 we need to subtract (1+544)
= 1134-545
= 589
 Factors/sum of
factors/product of factors
Example:
Find the sum of divisors of 544 which are perfect squares.

Solution:
Prime Factorization: 25 * 171
Sum of Factors = (20 + 21 +22 + 23 + 24 + 25 ) * (170 + 171)
Since we need sum of factors which are perfect squares we consider,
= (20 + 22 + 24 ) * (170)
= 21
 Factors/sum of
factors/product of factors
Example:
Find the sum of the sum of even divisors of 96 and the sum of odd divisors of 3600.

Solution:
Prime Factorization of 96 = 25 * 31
Prime Factorization of 3600 = 24 * 32 * 52
Sum of even Factors of 96
= ( 21 +22 + 23 + 24 + 25 ) * (30 + 31)
= (62)*(4)
= 248
Sum of odd Factors of 3600
(30 + 31 + 32 ) * (50 + 51 + 52) = 13* 31
= 403
Answer = 248+403
= 651
 Section : Numerical Aptitude
Topic : Number system
Sub topic : Divisibility Rules.

• Divisibility Rules for various Numbers with examples

• Remainder problems based on the divisibility rules
• Commonly asked problems under this particular topic in
Placements & other Competitive examinations.
 Divisibility Rules
Example:
A hundred and twenty digit number is formed by writing the first x natural numbers in front of each other as
12345678910111213.... Find the remainder when this number is divided by 8.
Solution:
We know the divisibility rule for 8 , just take last 3 digits and divide by 8
Here first we need to find the last three digits of a 120 digit number.
Single digit numbers 1-9 will fill first 9 digits, remaining 120-9 = 111 digits will be filled with two digit
numbers. 110 digits can be filling by accommodating 55 two digit numbers after 9 so it will go till 64 and
the next digit will be 5 ,which means the formation will be like
1234567891011………………………………………..63646.
646 when divided by 8 the remainder will be 6.
 Divisibility Rules
Example:
When the number 12345678910111213………….40 is divided by 9 what will be the remainder?

Solution:
We know to find the remainder when a number is divided by 9 just we need to find the sum of the digits.
1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+(1+0)+(1+1)+…………..+(1+8)+(1+9)+……+(2+7)+(2+8)+…..+(3+6)
9*10/2 = 45 9*10/2 = 45 9*10/2 = 45 45

3+7+3+8+3+9+4+0 = 10+11+12+4 = 37 = 1
Therefore , Remainder = 1.
 Divisibility Rules
Example:
The six digit number 7A386B is divisible by 36 . What can be the possible value of A*B

Solution:
If a number has to be divisible by 36 then it has to be divisible by both 4 & 9
First we consider the divisibility Rule for 4 . So based on that last two digits has to be divisible by 4 so B
value can be either 4 or 8. 64,68 is divisible by 4
Now we need to find A based on fixing B
7+A+3+8+6+ 4 = 28+A should be divisible by 9 so A value must be 8.
7+A+3+8+6+8 = 32+A should be divisible by 9 so A value should be 4.
If A=8 , then B =4 or If A=4 then B = 8 . In both cases A*B = 32.
 Divisibility Rules
Example:
The seven digit number 27A46B5 is divisible by 99 . What can be the possible value of A&B

Solution:
If a number has to be divisible by 99 then it has to be divisible by both 11 & 9.
Divisibility Rule for 9 : Sum of digits should be divisible by 9
2+7+A+4+6+B+5 = 24+A+B Now 24+A+B has to be divisible by 9 we know 36 is a multiple of 9 so
A+B has to be 12. If we consider 45 then A+B has to be 21 which is not possible with two single digit
number.
Divisibility Rule for 11: Sum of digits in odd positions ~ Sum of digits in even positions should be 0 or
multiple of 11.
(2+A+6+5)~(7+4+B) = 0 or 11
(13+A)~(11+B) = 0 or 11
Since A+B has to be 12 possible combinations are (3,9), (4,8),(5,7). Only (5,7) will satisfy the criteria so
value of A&B will be 5&7.
 Divisibility Rules
Example:
Let b be a positive integer and a = b2 - b. If b ≥ 4 then a2 - 2a is divisible by:
a. 15 b. 20 c. 24 d. all of these
Solution:
Substitute the value of a in terms of b
a2 - 2a = (b2 – b)2 – 2(b2 – b)
= b4 - 2 b3 + b2 -2 b2 +2 b
= b4 - 2 b3 - b2 +2 b = b4 - b2 - 2 b3 +2 b = b2 (b2 - 1 ) -2b (b2 - 1)
= (b2 - 2b)(b2 - 1) = b(b-2) (b+1) (b-1) = (b-2)(b-1)(b)(b+1)
Since b ≥ 4 sub b=4  (2*3*4*5) - it is divisible by all of these
b=5  (3*4*5*6) , b=6 (4*5*6*7) , b=7  (5*6*7*8) which is divisible by all the three
But when b=8
(6*7*8*9) it is not divisible by 15 & 20 but divisible by 24. So the answer should be only 24.
 Divisibility Rules
Example:
The digits of a three-digit number A are written in the reverse order to form another three-digit number B. If
B > A and B-A is perfectly divisible by 7, then which of the following is necessarily true?
A. 100 < A < 299 B. 106 < A < 305 C. 112 < A < 311 D. 118 < A < 317

Solution:
Let the three digit number be xyz which is A = 100 x + 10 y + z
When the three digit number is reversed B = 100 z + 10 y + x
B – A = 99z – 99x = 99 (z-x)
since 99 is not divisible by 7 (Z-X) has to be divisible by 7
so the possible value of Z and X will be = 8-1 =7 or 9-2 = 7
So minimum value is 108 and maximum value 299
Now check the options which has both the values in the set
It matches with only option B. So that’s our answer.
 HCF & LCM
What is the least number which when doubled will exactly be divisible by 12, 14, 18 and 22?
A. 2772 B. 1216 C. 1286 D. 1386

Solution:
Since the number has to be divisible by 12,14,18 and 22
LCM (12,14,18,22)
LCM = 2*3*2*7*3*11
= 2772
But the number when doubled should be exactly divisible by
(12,14,18,22)
So the number is 2772/2 = 1386
Option: D
 HCF & LCM
What is the least number which when divided by 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves a remainder 3, but when divided by 9
leaves no remainder?
A. 1108 B. 1683 C. 2007 D. 3363

Solution:
The number leaves the same remainder in each case so we need to find the LCM of 5,6,7 and 8 and add the
remainder to it.
LCM of 5,6,7,8 = 2*5*3*7*4
= 840
Since it leaves same remainder add that to the LCM
= 840 + 3 = 843 (it is not divisible by 9)
So we need to consider next common multiple
= 840*2 + 3 = 1680+3
= 1683 (it is divisible by 9)
Answer = option (c)
 HCF & LCM
The least number which should be added to 28523 so that the sum is exactly divisible by 3, 5, 7 and 8 is:
A. 41 B. 42 C. 32 D. 37

Solution:
The number has to be exactly divisible by 3,5,7 and 8
So L.C.M(3,5,7,8) = 3*5*7*8 = 840
To find the number to be added to 28523 we need to divide
The number by 840

Remainder = 803
To make it a multiple of 840 we need 37 more. (840-803)
So the answer is option: D
 HCF & LCM
The least number which should be added to 28523 so that the sum is exactly
divisible by 3, 5, 7 and 8 is:
A. 41 B. 42 C. 32 D. 37

Solution:
The number has to be exactly divisible by 3,5,7 and 8
So L.C.M(3,5,7,8) = 3*5*7*8 = 840
To find the number to be added to 28523 we need to divide
The number by 840

Remainder = 803
To make it a multiple of 840 we need 37 more. (840-803)
So the answer is option: D
 HCF & LCM
A number is such that when divided by 3, 5, 6, or 7 it leaves the remainder 1, 3, 4, or 5 respectively. Which
is the largest number below 4000 that satisfies this property?
A. 3358 B. 3988 C. 3778 D. 2938

Solution:
In this question The difference between the divisors and the corresponding remainders are same.
When divided by 3 remainder 1, when divided by 5 remainder 3……..
Common difference = 2
So We need to find the LCM or common multiple and subtract the common difference
LCM(3,5,6,7) = 3*1*5*2*7 = 210
In order to find the larger number less than 4000, We need to find the
Common multiple of 210 which is less than 4000.
Since Remainder is 10 we need to subtract 10 from dividend = 4000-10 = 3990
We know common difference is 2 so we need to subtract 2 from the common multiple
= 3990-2 = 3988 (B)
 HCF & LCM
The sides of a pentagonal field (not regular) are 1737 meters, 2160 metres, 2358 metres, 1422 metres and
2214 metres respectively. Find the greatest length of the tape by which the five sides may be measured
completely.
A. 7 B. 13 C. 11 D. 9
Solution:
In order to find the greatest length we need to find the H.C.F
H.C.F (1737, 2160, 2358, 1422, 2214 ) = 9
So the answer is 9
 HCF & LCM
Find the length of the plank which can be used to measure exactly the lengths 4 m 50
cm, 9 m 90 cm and 16 m 20 cm in the least time.

Solution:
The length of the plank that exactly divides all the three lengths. Which means we need to
find the HCF.
HCF of 450,990,1620
10 450,990,1620
9 45 , 99, 162
5, 11 , 18
HCF = 10 * 9 =90 cm
we need a plank of length 90 cm to measure the given lengths in the least time.
 HCF & LCM
4 logs of woods of length 5 a set of two carpenters to work on something. How many carpenters are there in
all to work.

Solution:
4 woods length is converted into improper fractions
since we have to find the largest length as possible
HCF of () =
So divide all sizes by , we will get * + *

= 133 piece of wood

Each log is given to 2 carpenters so total carpenters = 133*2 = 266
Thank you