CLOUD

COMPUTING
Assis. Prof. Dr. Elif Atamaz

https://youtu.be/J9LK6EtxzgM
 • Cloud computing is a general term for anything that
involves delivering hosted services over the internet.

What is cloud computing?

https://youtu.be/ZnGzxV_dQeg
https://youtu.be/M988_fsOSWo
In the public cloud model, a third-party cloud service provider (CSP) delivers the cloud service
over the Internet. Public cloud services are sold on demand, typically by the minute or hour,
though long-term commitments are available for many services. Customers only pay for the
central processing unit cycles, storage or bandwidth they consume. Leading public CSPs
include AWS, Microsoft Azure, IBM and Google Cloud Platform (GCP), as well as IBM, Oracle
and Tencent.
Private cloud services are delivered from a business's data center to internal users.
With a private cloud, an organization builds and maintains its own underlying cloud
infrastructure. This model offers the versatility and convenience of the cloud, while
preserving the management, control and security common to local data centers. Internal
users might or might not be billed for services through IT chargeback. Common private
cloud technologies and vendors include VMware and OpenStack.
A hybrid cloud is a combination of public cloud services and an on-premises private
cloud, with orchestration and automation between the two. Companies can run mission-
critical workloads or sensitive applications on the private cloud and use the public cloud
to handle workload bursts or spikes in demand. The goal of a hybrid cloud is to create a
unified, automated, scalable environment that takes advantage of all that a public cloud
infrastructure can provide, while still maintaining control over mission-critical data.
These services are divided into three main categories or types of
cloud computing: infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a
service (PaaS) and software as a service (SaaS).
Users have an allocated storage
capacity and can start, stop,
access and configure the Virtual
Machine and storage as desired.
IaaS providers offer small,
medium, large, extra-large, and
memory- or compute-optimized
instances, in addition to enabling
customization of instances, for
various workload needs. The
IaaS cloud model is closest to a
remote data center for business
users.

https://youtu.be/eyNBf1sqdBQ
In the PaaS model, cloud providers host development
tools on their infrastructures. Users access these tools
over the internet using APIs, web portals or gateway
software.
SaaS is a distribution model that
delivers software applications over
the internet; these applications are
often called web services. Users can
access SaaS applications and
services from any location using a
computer or mobile device that has
internet access. In the SaaS model,
users gain access to application
software and databases.
• In addition, organizations are increasingly embracing a multi-cloud
model, or the use of multiple IaaS providers. This enables
applications to migrate between different cloud providers or to even
operate concurrently across two or more cloud providers.

https://youtu.be/n24OBVGHufQ
Characteristics and advantages of cloud computing
• Self-service provisioning. End users can spin up compute resources for almost any type of workload on
demand. An end user can provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage,
eliminating the traditional need for IT administrators to provision and manage compute resources.
• Elasticity. Companies can freely scale up as computing needs increase and scale down again as demands
decrease. This eliminates the need for massive investments in local infrastructure, which might or might not
remain active.
• Pay per use. Compute resources are measured at a granular level, enabling users to pay only for the resources
and workloads they use.
• Workload resilience. CSPs often implement redundant resources to ensure resilient storage and to keep users'
important workloads running -- often across multiple global regions.
• Migration flexibility. Organizations can move certain workloads to or from the cloud -- or to different cloud
platforms -- as desired or automatically for better cost savings or to use new services as they emerge.
• Broad network access. A user can access cloud data or upload data to the cloud from anywhere with an
internet connection using any device.
• Multi-tenancy and resource pooling. Multi-tenancy lets numerous customers share the same physical
infrastructures or the same applications yet still retain privacy and security over their own data. With resource
pooling, cloud providers service numerous customers from the same physical resources. The resource pools of
the cloud providers should be large and flexible enough so they can service the requirements of multiple
customers.
https://youtu.be/KVydGQGR1Lo
 important benefits for modern business

• Cost management. Using cloud infrastructure can reduce capital

costs, as organizations don't have to spend massive amounts of
money buying and maintaining equipment. This reduces their capital
expenditure costs -- as they don't have to invest in hardware,
facilities, utilities or building large data centers to accommodate
their growing businesses. Additionally, companies don't need large
IT teams to handle cloud data center operations because they can
rely on the expertise of their cloud providers' teams. Cloud
computing also cuts costs related to downtime. Since downtime
rarely happens in cloud computing, companies don't have to spend
time and money to fix any issues that might be related to downtime.
• Data and workload mobility. Storing information in the cloud
means that users can access it from anywhere with any device with
just an internet connection. That means users don't have to carry
around USB drives, an external hard drive or multiple CDs to access
their data. Users can access corporate data via smartphones and
other mobile devices, enabling remote employees to stay up to date
with co-workers and customers. End users can easily process, store,
retrieve and recover resources in the cloud. In addition, cloud
vendors provide all the upgrades and updates automatically, saving
time and effort.
• Business continuity and disaster recovery (BCDR). All
organizations worry about data loss. Storing data in the
cloud guarantees that users can always access their data
even if their devices, e.g., laptops or smartphones, are
inoperable. With cloud-based services, organizations can
quickly recover their data in the event of emergencies, such
as natural disasters or power outages. This benefits BCDR
and helps ensure that workloads and data are available even
if the business suffers damage or disruption.
 Disadvantages of cloud computing
• Cloud security. Security is often considered the greatest challenge facing
cloud computing. When relying on the cloud, organizations risk data
breaches, hacking of APIs and interfaces, compromised credentials and
authentication issues. Furthermore, there is a lack of transparency regarding
how and where sensitive information entrusted to the cloud provider is
handled. Security demands careful attention to cloud configurations and
business policy and practice.
• Cost unpredictability. Pay-as-you-go subscription plans for cloud use, along
with scaling resources to accommodate fluctuating workload demands, can
make it tough to define and predict final costs. Cloud costs are also
frequently interdependent, with one cloud service often utilizing one or more
other cloud services -- all of which appear in the recurring monthly bill. This
can create additional unplanned cloud costs.
• Lack of capability and expertise. With cloud-supporting technologies rapidly advancing,
organizations are struggling to keep up with the growing demand for tools and
employees with the proper skill sets and knowledge needed to architect, deploy, and
manage workloads and data in a cloud.
• IT governance. The emphasis on do-it-yourself capability in cloud computing can make
IT governance difficult, as there is no control over provisioning, deprovisioning and
management of infrastructure operations. This can make it challenging to properly
manage risks and security, IT compliance and data quality.
• Compliance with industry laws. When transferring data from on-premises local storage
into cloud storage, it can be difficult to manage compliance with industry regulations
through a third party. It's important to know where data and workloads are actually
hosted in order to maintain regulatory compliance and proper business governance.
• Management of multiple clouds. Every cloud is different, so multi-cloud deployments
can disjoint efforts to address more general cloud computing challenges. Often,
switching between cloud providers can cause significant issues. This includes technical
incompatibilities, legal and regulatory limitations and substantial costs incurred from
sizable data migrations.
Future of Cloud Computing
 • Quantum computing is changing the business world in unprecedented ways. Companies
like Google promote innovation by leveraging quantum physics principles to develop
next-generation end-user products. Supercomputers are the best example of how
quantum computing works when used correctly. Companies such as IBM, Microsoft,
Google, and AWS compete by adapting to the emerging quantum technologies.
• Quantum computers employ the principles of quantum physics to enable complex
algorithmic calculations and process large data sets in a short amount of time. A
supercomputer can provide powerful encryption capabilities for electronic
communications and increase network security.
• Financial institutions can leverage quantum computing to speed up their transaction
processes. This approach saves time and increases process efficiency. Quantum
computers store data in qubits, a simpler form of data that speeds up processing.
Quantum computing also reduces the additional cost of creating new resources to
handle pre-optimized tasks.

Quantum Computing
https://youtu.be/X8MZWCGgIb8
 • Cloud providers are moving closer to the edge to respond to the
growth of 5G, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and latency-sensitive
applications. Edge computing is not new to the tech industry
glossary, but companies are increasingly adopting it.
• Although data centers are built to store large amounts of
information in one centralized location, half of the global population
lives in rural areas. Edge computing allows systems to become
increasingly distributed, bringing data and processing closer to
users. This approach reduces latency, cuts bandwidth costs, and
improves connection performance.

Edge Computing https://youtu.be/3hScMLH7B4o

 • As employees access more services and data from devices outside of
corporate IT networks, businesses are reevaluating their security and risk
management strategies. Gartner coined the term Secure Access Service
Edge to refer to a cloud-based IT security approach that addresses the
changeability of work processes.
• Companies using SASE can benefit from cloud-based network security
services such as security gateways, firewalls, and zero-trust network
access (ZTNA). SASE is a robust architecture that gives businesses peace
of mind, allowing them to deliver new services quickly and securely
through the cloud.

Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) https://youtu.be/v0jtkhCQpzI

 • The extensive infrastructure, electricity, and cooling required for cloud computing
significantly increase a business's environmental impact. The US Department of
Energy found that data centers consume 2% of the total electricity used in the
United States. The average data center uses between 10 and 50 times more
energy per floor than a typical commercial office building.
• Cloud providers are constantly looking for ways to increase hardware and
software efficiency. Even small changes and improvements here can yield
significant energy savings in the long run. E-waste is also a problem, as aging
hardware produces millions of tons of waste each year.
• Shortages in the rare earth mineral market and disruptions in supply chains are
driving the demand for improved computer hardware recycling. Responsible
business owners recognize their role in tackling climate change and take these
factors seriously when discussing on-premises data centers and cloud computing.

Green Cloud https://youtu.be/cNrZZ8rD-eQ